WITH A CHRONOLOGICAL ACCOUNT OF THE LIFE OF EMANUEL SWEDENBORG.

VOL. I.

1688-1850.

BY

CARL THEOPHILUS ODHNER

ACADEMY OF THE NEW CHURCH,
BRYN ATHYN, PA.
1904.

DEDICATED

TO

JOHN PITCAIRN, ESQ.

PREFACE.

The History of the LORDS New Church, the Church of the New Jerusalem, has not yet been written, nor can until the facts of her past experience have been collected. These facts lie hidden, at present, in several thousand different volumes, published in many different tongues, distributed in widely distant libraries, and thus inaccessible to the general student. Before a philosophical and yet exact History of the New Church can be written, these scattered and imprisoned facts must he brought together, in order that the historian or historians of the Church may have the necessary materials at hand. The stones must be procured before the building can be erected

An attempt to supply this want of proper materials for New Church History has been made by the compilation of the present Annals of the New Church. Let it be well understood, that the Annals do not pretend to be a History of this Church. It is simply a work of reference, rudis indigestaque moles; a mass of materials, roughly arranged in chronological order, and drawn only from the public and printed records of the Church. They present merely the corporeal part of New Church History. The spirit within the bare facts will be found in the private, unpublished letters, which are or will be preserved in the archives of the Church.

The Annals, though the fruit of long-continued and extensive researches, favored by exceptional advantages and opportunities, do not claim any absolute exhaustiveness or perfection. Much, we fear, has been omitted, and many errors will undoubtedly be found.

The plan of the compiler has been to collect authentic, referable and impartial information as to the following general subjects:

1. The facts connected with the life and work of Emanuel Swedenborg.

2. Historically,--notices of all important events in the general history of the New Church, throughout the world, such as general meetings (with summaries of proceedings), new movements and changes, accounts of the successive states of the Church in various countries and localities, etc.

3. Biographically,notices of the leading events in the lives of noted members of the Church, the time of their departure into the spiritual world, references to obituaries and biographies, etc.

4. Theologically,--records of important articles, (controversial or didactic), in the periodical literature of the Church, presenting an historical view of the progress of doctrinal thought.

5. Bibliographically,--a full, but simple, bibliography of the whole Literature of the New Church, arranged chronologically and alphabetically, including all editions of Swedenborgs Writings and of collateral works in all languages, with references to notices or reviews, and to the libraries where copies of these works may be found, the library of the Academy of the New Church being taken as a basis.

6. Summaries of the most important contemporary events in the religious, political and intellectual life of the Christian world at large.

7. An extensive alphabetical index to the entire work.

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS IN THIS VOLUME

Page
Adolphus Frederick, King of Sweden, 65
Argyle Square Church, London, 503
Baltimore, First New Church temple in, full page, 195
Bateman, Henry 514
Beers, Rev. Louis, 556
Benzelius, Archbishop Eric, 11
Birmingham, First New Church temple in, 159
Carll, Rev. M. M., full page, 251
Charles XII, king of Sweden, 20
Charles XIII, king of Sweden, 135
Churchill, Rev. Thomas, 242
Clowes, Rev. John, 373

full page, 129
Cookworthy, William, 88
De Charms, Rev. Richard, full page, 419
Doughty, Rev. C. I., full page, 501
Duche, Rev. Jacob, 110
Enslin, Christian, 481
Ferelius, Rev. Arvid, 103
Flaxman, John, 331
Goyder, Rev. Thomas, 259
Gustavus III, King of Sweden, 114
Gyllenhaal, Baron Leonard, 456
Hargrove, Rev. John, 189
Harl, Augustus, 545
Hill, Rev. William, 176
Hindmarsh, Rev. Robert, 119

full page, 405
Höpken, Count Andrew von, 70
Hurdus, Rev. Adam, 206
Jones, Rev. Richard, 219

full page, 383
Kahl, Dr. Achatius, 545
Lammot, Daniel, 480
Le Boysdes Guays, J. F. S., 545
Leicester, Rev. Francis, 197
Linnus, 47
Manchester, Temple in Peter Street, 174
Noble, Rev. Samuel, full page, 423
Nordenskjld, Augustus, 116
Philadelphia, First New Church temple in, 256
Powers, Hiram, 549
Proud, Rev. Joseph, 148
Raguet, Condy, full page, 479
Serldon, Rev. James, 511
Sibly, Rev. Manoah, 168
Swedberg, Bishop Jesper, 8
Swedenborg, Emanuel,

in 1734, full page, 41

in 1744, 57

in 1761, 74

the best likeness of, full page, 65
Swedenborgs House and Garden, full page, 54
Tafel, Dr. Immanuel, 545
Tübingen, view of, 442
Ulrica Eleonora, Queen of Sweden, 50
Wadström, Charles B., 193
Woodworth, Samuel, 303
Worcester, Rev. Thomas, 567
Young, Hon. John, 151

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

Referring to libraries and volumes to which references are made in this work

A. - The Aurora, London, 1799-1801.
A. A. - Archives of the Academy of the New Church, Bryn Athyn, Pa.
A. L. - Library of the Academy of the New Church.
Ad. - Swedenborgs Adversaria.
A. E. - Swedenborgs Apocalypse Explained.
A. R. - Swedenborgs Apocalypse Revealed.
B. I. - Bibliographical Index of Swedenborgs Writings. London, 1897.
B. L. - Library of the Massachusetts New Church Union, 16 Arlington St., Boston, Mass.
B. M. - British Museum, London.
B. Mag. - The New Church Magazine, Boston 1872-1873.
B. P. S. - The Boston New Church Printing Society.
Carlson. - History of the Swedish Church in London.
C. C. R. - Reports of the Central Convention, 1841-1852.
C. H. - Chevriers Histoire de la Nouvelle Eglise.
Cin. L. - Library of the Cincinnati New Church Society.
C. J. - Swedenborgs Continuation of the last Judgment.
C. L. - Swedenborgs Conjugial Love.
Compton. - Life of John Clowes, by Theodore Compton.
Conf. R. - Minutes of the General Conference of the New Church in Great Britain.
Conv. R. - Reports of the General Convention of the New Jerusalem Church in the United States.
Cop. L. - Royal Library, Copenhagen.
D. - Documents concerning Swedenborg, Dr. R. L. Tafel.
E. - Reprints of Early Minutes of New Church Conferences, London, 1885.
Ex. - Newchurchman Extra, by Rev. Richard De Charms.
Field. - History of the New Church in Michigan, etc., by Rev. George Field.
F. S. - History of the New Church Society in Peter Street, Manchester, by Francis Smith.
G. H. - A concise History of the New Church, by Rev. David Goyder, London, 1828.
Gosse. - Portfeuille dun ancien Typographe, par P. Gosse. The Hague, 1824.
H. L --Library of Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass.
I. - The Intellectual Repository, London, 1812-1881.
I. L. - Library of the New Church College, Islington, London.
J. D. - History of the Bolton New Church Society, by James Dakeyne.
Kahl. - Nya Kyrkan och dess Inflytande, by Dr. Achatius Kahl.
L. - New Church Life, Philadelphia, 1881-1904.
L. J. - Swedenborgs On the Last Judgment.
L. M. - The New Jerusalem Magazine, London, 1826-1828.
L. R. T. - New Church Library at Rue Thouin, Paris.
M. - the New Jerusalem Magazine, Boston, 1827-1872.
M. n. s. - The New Jerusalem Magazine, New Series, Boston, 1875-1893.
Mess. - The New Jerusalem Messenger, (now New Church Messenger), New York, 1855-1904.
M. K. - The Magazine of Knowledge, London, 1791.
M. L. - Morning Light, London, 1878-1904.
M. P. S. - Reports of the Manchester Printing Society.
MN. - The Newchurchman, Philadelphia, 1841-1844.
N. C. A. - The New Church Advocate, London, 1842-1846.
N. C. M. - The New Church Magazine, London, 1882-1904.
N. C. Q. R. - The New Church Quarterly Review, London, 1849-1850.
N. C. R. - the New Church Repository, New York, 1849.
N. C. Review. - The New Church Review, Boston, 1894-1904.
N. C. W. - New Church Worthies, by Rev. Jonathan Bayley.
N. J. C. R. - the New Jerusalem Church Repository, Philadelphia, 1817.
N. J. J. - The New Jerusalem Journal, London, 1792.
N. J. M. - The New Jerusalem Magazine, London, 1790.
N. J. Miss. - The New Jerusalem Missionary, Philadelphia, 1823.
N. K. B. - Library of Nykyrkliga Bokflaget, Stockholm.
N. Y. L. - Library of the American Swedenborg Printing and Publishing Society, No. 3 West 29th St., New York City.
O. - The Monthly Observer, London, 1857-1865
O. L. H. - Life of Robert Hindmarsh, by C. Th. Odhner, Philadelphia, 1894.
P. - The Precursor, Cincinnati, 1837-1840.
R. L. - Librarie Swedenborgienne, Rue Thouin, Paris.
R. L. - Royal Library, Stockholm.
R. L. C. - Reports of London Conferences, London, 1813.
R. P. - Rise and progress of the New Jerusalem Church, by Rev. Robert Hindmarsh.
R. Pa. A. - Reports of the Pennsylvania Association of the New Church.
R. R. - A Recorder and Remembrancer, by Thomas Robinson.
R. S. S - Reports of the Swedenborg Society, London.
S. D. - Swedenborgs Spiritual Diary.
S. S. - The Swedenborg Society, London.
S. S. L. - Library of the Swedenborg Society, Bloomsbury St., London.
Sundelin. - Swedenborgianismens Historia i Sverige, by Prof. Robert Sundelin, Upsala, 1886.
T. C. R. - Swedenborgs True Christian Religion.
Thornton. - History of the New Church in New South Wales, by Rev. J. J. Thornton.
T. M. - Magazin der Neuen Kirche, by Prof. Immanuel Tafel.
Tottie. - Jesper Swedbergs Lefuad, by Prof. Henry Tottie, Upsala, 1886.
U. L. - Library of Urbana University, Urbana, O.
W. Conv. R. - Reports of the Western Convention of the New Church.
W. N. - The New Churchman, edited by William White, London, 1857.
W. N. C. - Words for the New Church, Philadelphia, 1876-1886.

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PREFACE

The Science of History, like Clio among the Muses, is chief among the handmaids that serve the knowledge and worship of God. It is chief among those instrumentals which may render man rational, for it affords the ratio or comparative relation of present things with all things of the past, which is most essential to the rational faculty. History, in a supreme sense, is the record of the Divine Providence among men; it is the summary of the collective experience of mankind under the overruling government of the LORD, and through this science men may see confirmed, by objective illustration, the lessons of wisdom which are taught, subjectively, in the written Word of God.

But in order to serve this purpose, History, like every exact science, must be founded, ultimately, upon the solid rocks of actual facts. Without these facts there may be theory, indeed, but not Science. Hence we find that chronicles lie at the basis of all History.

The History of the LORDS New Church, the Church of the New Jerusalem, has not yet been written, nor call it be written until the facts of her past experiences have been collected. These facts lie hidden, at present, in several thousand different volumes, published in many different tongues, distributed in widely distant libraries, and thus inaccessible to the general student. Before a philosophical and yet exact History of the New Church can be written, these scattered and imprisoned facts must be brought together, in order that the historian or historians of the Church may have the necessary materials at hand. The stones must be procured before the building can be erected.

An attempt to supply this want of proper materials for New Church History has been made by the compilation of the present Annals or chronicles of the New Church. Let it be well understood, that the Annals do not pretend to be a History of this Church.

It is simply a work of reference, rudis indigestaque moles; a mass of materials, roughly arranged in chronological order, and drawn only from the public and printed records of the Church. They present merely the corporeal part of New Church History. The spirit within the bare facts will be found in the private, unpublished letters, which are or will be preserved in the archives of the Church.

The Annals, though the fruit of long-continued and extensive researches, and favored by exceptional advantages and opportunities, do not claim any absolute exhaustiveness or perfection. Still we feel confident that little if anything of general importance has been omitted.

The plan of the compiler has been to collect authentic, referable and impartial information as to the following general subjects:

1. The facts connected with the life and work of Emanuel Swedenborg.

2. Historically, --notices of all important events in the general history of the New Church, throughout the world, such as general meetings (with summaries of proceedings), new movements and changes, accounts of the successive states of the Church in various countries and localities, etc.

3. Biographically,--notices of the leading events in the lives of noted members of the Church, the time of their departure into the spiritual world, references to obituaries and biographies, etc.

4. Theologically,--records or important articles (controversial or didactic), in the periodical literature of the Church, presenting an historical view of the progress of doctrinal thought.

5. Bibliographically,--a full, but simple, bibliography of the whole Literature of the New Church, arranged chronologically and alphabetically, including all editions of Swedenborgs Writings and of collateral works in all languages, with references to notices or reviews, and to the libraries where copies of these works may be found, the library of the Academy of the New Church being taken as the basis.

6. Summaries of the most important contemporary events in the religious, political and intellectual life of the Christian world at large.

7. An extensive alphabetical index to the entire work.

THE COMPILER

INTRODUCTION

SWEDENBORGS PREPARATION FOR HIS MISSION

1688-1742.

1688. January 29th,* Emanuel Swedberg is born in Stockholm, where his father, the Rev. Jesper Swedberg, is regimental chaplain and preacher to the court.

* This date is according to Swedenborgs own statement to the House of Nobles, and according to the Registry of the Swedish Nobility. But in his autobiographical letter to the Rev. Thomas Hartley, Swedenborg gives the year 1689 as the year of his birth, and this, according to a statement reported by his friend. General Tuxen, on account of a spiritual, correspondential reason. (D. II:436) Tuxens report, however, comes to us through a questionable medium. It seems more probable that the year 1689 is a slip of the pen. Another chronological discrepancy occurs ill the same letter to Hartley, where Swedenborg states that he returned to Sweden in the year 1714, whereas, in fact, he did not return until after April, 1715. The question of the correct date of Swedenborgs birth has been discussed, and various explanations offered, in I.1833:497, and M. n. s. XII. 303, 365; XIII:48.

Emanuel Swedberg, on the side of his father, descended from an ancient family of opulent miners, near the city of Fahlun, in the province of Dalecarlia. The hero Engelbrecht, who liberated Sweden from Danish rule, in 1434, is said to have been one of his ancestors. On the side of his mother, Sarah Behm, he descended from king Gustavus Wasa, who reigned in Sweden from 1523 to 1560. The name Swedberg and subsequently Swedenborg, was derived, not from the name of the kingdom of Sweden, or Sverige, but from the old homestead of the family, Sveden, which means a place cleared in the forest by means of fire.

The spiritual character of the Swedish nation is described in S. D., 5034-5721, and the well known, upright character of the Dalecarlians, in the same work, n., 5042. A biography of Jesper Swedberg is given in English, in D. I:96, and the genealogy of the Swedenborg family in D. I:82.

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS

The tyranny of James II. of England, culminates at this time. Archbishop Sancroft and six other bishops are arrested for petitioning against the hypocritical Declaration of Indulgence for Catholics and Nonconformists. The English Revolution breaks out. William of Orange, invited by the English malcontents, lands with an army in England. Flight of James II. to France.

Death of John Bunyan, the immortal tinker, and author of Pilgrims Progress.

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS.

1689. William (III.) and Mary are proclaimed joint monarchs of England. The Toleration Act is Passed in favor of the Nonconformists, but to the exclusion of the Catholics. Great revival of Presbyterianism in England; vain efforts of the Latitudinarians to reconcile the Episcopalian and Presbyterian parties. Risings in Ireland and Scotland in favor of James II. England declares war against France.

The French devastate the Palatinate. William III. forms the Grand Alliance against Louis XIV.

Czar Peter assumes the active government of Russia, having baffled the conspiracy of the Strelitzes.

Pope Alexander VIII. succeeds Innocent XI.

Governor Andros is overthrown in New England. Beginning of King Williams war in America. Jacob Leister instigates a revolution in New York.

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS.
1690. Presbyterianism is re-established as the national Church of Scotland. Publication of Lockes Essay on the Human Understanding. Death of Robert Barclay, the apologist of the Quakers. The Irish are defeated by the Orangemen at the Boyne.

The French, under Luxembour, defeat the Grand Alliance at Fleurus.

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS.
1691. Death of Richard Baxter, celebrated Nonconformist writer and preacher.

The Jacobites are subdued in Scotland and Ireland. The Irish are defeated at Aghrim. Surrender of Limerick, the last stronghold of James II. in Ireland.

Pope Innocent XII. succeeds Alexander VIII.

Victory of Louis of Baden over the Turks at Salankamen.

The revolution in New York is put down, and Jacob Leister executed.

1692. June-Jesper Swedberg, with his family, removes from Stockholm to take pastoral charge of the parish of Vingker, but remains here only a few months, when he is called to the chair of Theology in the University of Upsala.

Of this period of his childhood Swedenborg states: From my fourth to my tenth year I was constantly engaged in thoughts about God, salvation and the spiritual ills of men; and several times I revealed things at which my father and mother wondered, saying that angels must be speaking through me. - D. II:279.

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS.
Victory of the Dutch and English fleets over the French, off La Hague.

Marshal Luxembourg defeats William III. at Steenkirk.

The dominions of the Duke of Brunswick-Lneburg are formed into the Electorate of Hanover.

The Massachusetts and Plymouth colonies are united. The witchcraft delusion is rampant at Salem.

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS.
1693. Death of Christian Scriver, the leader of the pietists in Germany.

The English fleet is defeated by the French admiral Tourville, off Cape St. Vincent.

Victory of Marshal Luxembourg over William III. at Neerwinden.

Catinat defeats the army of Savoy at Marsaglia.

1694. Of the period of his life now beginning Swedenborg says: From my sixth to my twelfth year I used to delight in conversing with clergymen about faith, saying that the life of faith is love, and that the love which imparts life is love to the neighbor, also that God gives faith to everyone, but that those only receive it, who practice that love. I knew no other faith at that time.--D. II:279

About this time he begins to experience peculiar states of respiration, being gifted with a species of internal breathing, especially while attending the family worship, mornings and evenings.--S. D. 3320, 3464.

A tradition relates that angels appeared to him, while a child, in the shape of little boys,--invisible to others,--who played with him in the garden of his father.Mess. 1853:287.

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS.
Death of Queen Mary. The liberty of the press is established in England by the abolition of the censorship. Establishment of the Bank of England. Death of Malpighi, the Italian anatomist and physiologist.

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS.
1695. Campaign of the French, under Villeroi, against William III. in the Netherlands. Death of Halifax. Jacobite plots against William. Resignation of Godolphin.

Death of La Fontaine, the French fabulist, and of Huygens, the Dutch physicist and mathematician.

[Photo of Jesper Swedberg.]

1696. Jesper Swedberg is appointed Rector or Chancellor of the University of Upsala, and Bishop over the Swedish churches in London, Pennsylvania, Delaware and New Jersey.Tottie II: 264.

Death of Emanuels mother, Sarah Behm Swedberg.

CONTEMPORARY EVENT.
Death of Sebastian Schmidius, the Bible translator: according to Swedenborgs testimony, in 1747, the most trustworthy and literal of all the translators of the Scriptures.--D. II:970.

1697. November 30.--Marriage of Jesper Swedberg to his second wife, Mrs. Sarah Bergia, a pious and wealthy lady, who became a true mother to her stepson, Emanuel.

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS.
Charles XII. succeeds his father, Charles XI., as king of Sweden, April 5th.

The peace of Ryswick, between Prance and the Grand Alliance: England, Holland, Germany and Spain.

Frederick Augustus of Saxony is elected King of Poland (Augustus II.).

The Austrian army, under Prince Eugene of Savoy, annihilates the Turkish army at Zenta.

1698. Jesper Swedbergs house in Upsala is destroyed by fire. A new residence is built; at its dedication all the poor in the hospital are invited to a meal. Swedberg writes of this occasion: I, my wife and children waited upon them and treated them. All was done decorously, and was finished with singing, prayer, thanksgiving and mutual blessing.Tottie II:213.

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS.
Organization of the Society for the Promotion of Christian Knowledge in London.

Peace between Russia and Turkey, signed at Carlowitz.

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS.
1699. The peace of Carlowitz, between Turkey and Austria, Poland and Venice. The Sultan gives up Hungary and Transylvania to Austria. Poland secures Ukraine, and Venice Morea.

The French begin to colonize in Louisiana.

Death of Racine, the French poet, and of Leusden, the Dutch orientalist.

Publication of Tlmaque, by Fenelon.

1700. A Greek-Latin lexicon, bearing the signature, Emanuel Swedberg, 1700, was exhibited at the General Conference of the New Church in England, in 1877.--I. 1877:44.

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS.
Death of Charles II., the last of the Hapsburg dynasty in Spain. Philip of Anjou, grandson of Louis XIV., inherits the Spanish throne, and, as Philip V., inaugurates the Bourbon dynasty in Spain. The throne is claimed by the Archduke Charles of Austria.

Russia, Poland and Denmark declare war against: Sweden. The young king, Charles XII., overwhelms the Danes at Copenhagen, and the Russians at Narva.

Pope Clement XI. succeeds Innocent XII. Death of Dryden, the English poet.

Establishment of a college in New Haven, Connecticut (afterwards called Yale College).

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS.
1701. Continuous victories of Charles XII. over the Poles and Saxons. Beginning of the war of the Spanish Succession. Victories of the Austrians, under Prince Eugene, over the French in Italy. England joins the alliance against France and Spain.

Frederick III., Elector of Brandenburg, crowns himself King of Prussia, as Frederick I.

Death of James II. His son, James Edward (the first Pretender), is recognized as King of England, by Louis XIV.

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS.
1702. Death of William III. He is succeeded on the throne of England by Queen Anne, daughter of James II.

The grand pensionary Heinsius conducts the affairs of the Netherlands.

The succession to the possessions of the House of Orange is disputed.

The French and Spanish are defeated by Prince Eugene at Cremona, and by Marlborough in the Netherlands.

Battle of Friedlingen between Villars and Louis of Baden.

Naval triumph of the English and Dutch over the French and Spanish at Vigo.

Insurrection of the Camisards, or Protestant inhabitants of the Cvenues.

Charles XII. captures Warsaw and Cracow, having defeated the army of Augustus II at Kliszow.

Beginning of Queen Annes war in America against the French.

1703. July.--Jesper Swedberg is appointed Bishop of the diocese of Skara, in Westgothland. Emanuel, then fifteen years old, is left behind in Upsala to finish his education under the charge of his brother-in-law, Eric Benzelius, then Librarian of the University (afterwards Bishop of Linköping, and finally Archbishop of Upsala).

Benzelius was to Emanuel a second father and his most intimate friend. For his biography, and Swedenborgs estimate of him, see D. I:607, and Tottie II:16.

[Photo of Eric Benzelius.]

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS.
Birth of John Wesley, the founder of Methodism.

Victories of the French and Bavarians in Germany and the Tyrol.

Charles XII. defeats Augustus II. at Pultusk.

Peter the Great lays the foundation of St. Petersburg.

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS.
1704. Death of John Locke. The English capture Gibraltar. Marlborough and Prince Eugene defeat the French at Blenheim. The Camisard insurrection is put down. Death of Bossuet, the great defender of the liberties of the Gallican Church against papal encroachments.

Charles XII. deprives Augustus II. of the crown of Poland, and gives it to Stanislas Leszczynski.

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS.
1705. Pantheism is systematized by the English deist, Toland.

The English invade Spain and capture Barcelona. Battle of Cassano between Prince Eugene and Venme.

Joseph I. ascends the throne of Austria and Germany.

Death of Spener, the leader of the German pietists.

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS.
1706. Barcelonia is unsuccessfully besieged by the French and Spanish.

Continued victories of Marlborough over the French in the Netherlands.

The Archduke Charles proclaims himself King of Spain, at Madrid, but is soon forced to withdraw.

The Austrians occupy Madrid and Milan, temporarily.

Charles XII. occupies Saxony and dictates the peace of Altranstdt.

1707. An early autograph of Emanuel Swedberg, preserved in the University Library at Upsala, is here reproduced. [Signature of Swedenborg.]

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS.
Legislative union between England and Scotland is effected.

The French successfully resist the allies at Almanza and Toulon.

The imperialists conquer the Kingdom of Naples. Death of Vauban.

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS.
1708. Prince Eugene and Marlborough defeat the French at Oudemarde.

Sir John Leake takes possession of Sardinia.

The city of Lille is gallantly defended by Bouflers, but is finally taken by the allies.

Charles XII. renews the war against Russia and enters Ukraine.

Rise of the sect called Dunkers (German Baptists).

1709. June 1.--Emanuel Swedberg, on finishing his collegiate studies, reads his graduating thesis in the grand hall of the University, in the presence of the Faculty and the students. He then rejoins his father at Brunsbo, the episcopal residence near Skara, and begins to make preparations for a foreign journey. - D. II:884.

July 13, Brunsbo.--Letter of Emanuel Swedberg to Eric Benzelius: asks for letters of introduction to learned men in England; proposes to collect materials for a work on the history of mathematics; describes his acquisition of the art of book-binding.--D. I:200.

PUBLICATIONS.
Swedberg, Emanuel: L. Anni Senec et Pub. Syri Mimi, forsan et aliorum Select Sententi, cum annotaltionibus Erasmi et Grca versione Jos. Scaligeri, quas cum consensu Ampl. Fac. Philos. Notis illustratis publico examini modeste submittit Emanuel Swedberg. (Select sentences of Seneca and Syrus Mimus, perhaps also of others, with the annotations of Erasmus and the Greek version of Scaliger, which, with the cement of the philosophical faculty, and furnished with notes, are submitted with diffidence to public examination by Emanuel Swedberg).--Upsala, Werner, pp. 62, small 8vo. This, the first of Swedenborgs Published works, constituted his graduation thesis. It has been described and reviewed in D. II:884, and M. n. s. VIII:598. A second Latin edition was published by Dr. Tm. Tafel, at Tübingen, in 1841.--A L.

Jesperi Swedbergii Doct. Et Episcopi Scarensis, Parentis Optimi, Canticum Suecicum Ungdoms Regel och lderdoms Spegel ex Eccl. XII., Latino carmine exhibitum ab Em. Swedbergio, filio. (The Swedish poem Rule of Youth and Mirror of Old Age, from Ecclesiastes XII, by Dr. Jesper Swedberg, Bishop of Skara, and the best of parents, translated into Latin verse by Emanuel Swedberg, the son.) Skara. Kjelberg. This is the second of Swedenborgs publications.--D II:885, and I. 1844:296.

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS.
The Jansenistic stronghold at the Convent of Port Royal des Champs is suppressed by the Pope, at the instigation of the Jesuits.

The army of Charles XII. is annihilated by the Russians at Poltava.

Charles takes refuge in Turkey. Augustus II. recovers Poland. The Danes invade Sweden. The English and Austrians defeat the French, under Villars, at Malplaquet.

1710. Of the period of his life which now begins, Swedenborg states: I was introduced by the LORD into the natural sciences, and thus prepared, and, indeed, from the year 1710 to 1744, when Heaven was opened to me.--D. II:139.

March 6, Brunsbo.--Swedenborgs second letter to Benzelius: describes his progress in the study of music; mentions a riot in the neighborhood, and the discovery, far inland, of the skeleton of a whale or huge submarine, antediluvian animal, which he sent as a present to Upsala.--D. I:202.

This skeleton, which is still preserved in the University Museum under the name of Swedenborgs whale, is described in M. n. s. XII:627.

June.--Emanuel Swedberg visits the famous constructor and engineer, Christoffer Polheim, and spends some months with him at Stjernesund, in Dalekarlia, assisting in various scientific experiments.--D. I:206.

September.--He enters upon his first foreign journey, traveling by sea from Gottenburg to London, where he remains until the autumn of 1712. On the way he is in danger of his life four times.--D. II:3.

October 13, London.--Third letter to Benzelius: describes his scientific studies and pursuits; speaks of the dissensions between the Anglican and Presbyterian parties in London; dedicates some Latin verses to the Swedish poetess, Mrs. Brenner. - D. I:206.

PUBLICATION.
Swedberg, Emanuel: Ad Sophiam Elisabeth Brenneriam, unicam tatis nostr camenam cum carmina sua de novo caneret. (To Sophia Brenner, the only muse of our age, when she sang her songs anew.) 2 pp., 4to. This poem, which is dated London, October, 1710, was published as an appendix to the second edition of Mrs. Brenners poems, in 1713--See D. II:885.--A. L.

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS.
Fall of Godolphin and the Whig ministry. Harley and Bolingbroke succeed to power. Bishop Berkeley begins to publish his idealistic philosophy.

The Austrians, under Starhemherg, defeat the French and Spanish at Aragossa. Archduke Charles enters Madrid, but is again forced to abandon the city, which is reentered by Philip.

General Stenbock drives the Danes out of Sweden.

1711. April, London.--Emanuel Swedbergs fourth letter to Benzelius: relates a variety of news of scientific and literary interest; speaks of learning different practical trades from mechanics with whom he has lodged in London; makes some observations on astronomical subjects.--D. I:209.

August.--Receives letter from Professor Elvius, of Upsala, with a request for information on certain astronomical questions, on behalf of the Literary Society at the University. This society, of which young Swedberg appears to have been a member, was the forerunner of the Swedish Royal Academy of Sciences.--D. I:2I2.

PUBLICATION.
Swedberg, Emanuel: Festivus Applausus in insignem victoriam quam.... Dn Magnus Stenbock ... de Danis ad Helsingburgum reportavit. (An Ode in celebration of the decisive victory which Magnus Stenbock has won over the Danes at Helsingborg.) Skara. Kjelberg. 4 pp. Large folio. No date.

This poem appears to have been written by Em. Swedberg in London, during the year 1711, and to have been sent over to Sweden for publication. The original edition, of which a unique copy is preserved in the library of the Academy of the New Church, seems to have been unknown to Dr. R. L. Tafel, as it is not mentioned in his Documents, but the poem itself was republished by the author in the Ludus Heliconius, 1716.

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS.
Marlborough, after continuous successes in the Netherlands, is removed from the command. Addison begins to publish the Spectator.

Archduke Charles succeeds his brother, Joseph I., on the throne of Germany and Austria. This virtually ends the war of the Spanish Succession.

Charles XII. succeeds in inducing the Turks to make war on Peter the Great, who is nearly ruined, but makes a costly peace with Turkey.

The English and the New England forces make an unsuccessful expedition against Canada.

1712. January, London.--Em. Swedbergs fifth letter to Benzelius: describes his progress in the art of engraving and of making scientific instruments of brass, and in the studies of astronomy, algebra and the higher geometry; states his discovery of a new method of finding the longitudes by means of the moon; complains of inconveniences resulting from the very short allowance on which he is kept by his father.--D. I:216.

August 15, London.--Sixth letter to Benzelius: discourses on scientific and literary topics; has made the acquaintance of many learned men, but his new discoveries have not met with much encouragement in England; exhausted by too close an application to scientific studies, he seeks recreation in the cultivation of poetry.--D. I:221.

After a visit to the University of Oxford, he leaves England some time in the autumn, and travels to Holland, where he visits the principal towns.--D. II:4.

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS.
Armistice is declared between France and England. Prince Eugene continues the campaign in French Flanders.

A vigorous revival of Arianism takes place among the Nonconformists in England. Dr. Samuel Clarke, with Waterland and Hallet, are the leaders of the movement.

Religious war in Switzerland, between the Catholic and the Reformed cantons (the second Tog-genburg war).

1713. January-June.While in Holland, Em. Swedberg learns the art of glass grinding in Leyden. He afterwards visits Utrecht, where he attends the International Congress, which is settling the war of the Spanish Succession.-D. II:4.

July.Arriving in Paris he falls ill, but recovers after six weeks.

August 9, Paris.--Seventh letter to Benzelius: mentions his illness; describes his meeting with many famous men, such as Abb Bignon, De la Hire, Warrignon, and others.--D. I:225.

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS.
The treaty of Utrecht terminates the war of the Spanish Succession. Philip V. is recognized as King of Spain.

Frederick William I. succeeds his father, Frederick I., as King of Prussia.

General Stenhock is overpowered at Tnningen by the combined forces of Denmark, Saxony and Russia.

Charles XII. is imprisoned at Bender by the Turks.

Pope Clement XI. publishes the bull Unigenitus against the Jansenists.

1714. After a sojourn in Paris of nearly a year, Em. Swedberg travels to Hamburg, and thence to Pommerania, where he remains a whole year.

September 8, Rostock.--Eighth letter to Benzelius: states that he is busy in collecting his various scientific discoveries, and communicates a long list of new mechanical inventions made by him; he is also arranging his poetical efforts; suggests the establishment of a Society for Learning and Science in Sweden, and makes some observations on the disturbed political situation.--D. I:229.

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS.
Death of Queen Anne. George I., elector of Hanover, ascends the throne of Great Britain.

Austria makes peace with France. Barcelona is recovered by Spain.

Charles XII, after a desperate struggle, escapes from Turkey.

1715. April 4, Greifswalde.--Ninth letter to Benzelius: describes an air pump and some other machines which he has invented; describes the University of Greifswalde as quite paltry.--D. I:233.

At this time Charles XII., with a few followers, arrives in the city of Stralsund, which then belonged to Sweden, and is immediately besieged by the united armies of Russia, Saxony and Prussia. Escaping from the immediate scene of the war, Em. Swedberg obtains passage home in a yacht, and arrives in Sweden after an absence of more than four years.--D. II:4.

August 9, Brunsbo.--Tenth letter to Benzelius: describes various new and important inventions, and a plan for an astronomical observatory of his own, on the mountain of Kinnekulle.--D. I:236.

November 21, Stockholm.--Eleventh letter to Benzelius: the writer has been on a visit to Upsala; finds the capital greatly excited over the uncertain whereabouts of king Charles.--D. I:238.

December, Stockholm.--Twelfth letter to Benzelius: describes his work on the first number of a scientific magazine, (the Ddalus Hyperboreus); communicates the latest news from Stralsund, whence the king is supposed to have escaped.--D. I:239.

December 7.Letter of Polheim to Emanuel Swedberg, expressing gratification at the intended scientific magazine, and promising his co-operation.--D. I:243.

December 10.--Letter of Polheim to Benzelius, praising the talents of young Swedberg, and expressing interest in his undertakings.--D. I:243.

December 19.--Letter of Polheim to Em. Swedberg, inviting him to Stjernesund for a conference on mechanical subjects.D. I:245.

PUBLICATION.
Swedberg, Emanuel: Camena Borea cum Heroum et Heroidum factis lundesn; sive Fabell Ovidianis similes cum variis nominibus. (The Northern Muse, sporting with the deeds of Heroes and Heroines; or Fables like those of Ovid, under various names). Greifswalde. 112 pp. 16mo. Noticed in the Acta Literari Sueci for 1724, P. 588. A second edition was published by Dr. Im. Tafel, in Tübingen, 1845.--D. II:886.

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS.
Harley and Bolingbroke are impeached; formation of the Walpole ministry; unsuccessful rising of the Jacobites in Scotland and the North of England; death of Bishop Burnet, the ecclesiastical leader of the English Revolution.

Louis XV. succeeds his great-grandfather, Louis XIV., on the throne of France, with the Duke of Orleans as regent. Death of Fnelon, and of Malebranche, the Cartesian philosopher.

Charles XII., after an unsuccessful defense of Stralsund, escapes to his own, now ruined kingdom.

1716. January, Upsala.--Publication of the first number of the Ddalus.

February 14, Sklwicke.--Thirteenth letter to Benzelius: deals mostly with matters connected with the scientific magazine; suggests the establishment of a professorship in Mechanics at Upsala,D. I:247.

March 4, Brunsbo.--Fourteenth letter to Benzelius: contains further suggestions anent the proposed chair in Mechanics.--D. I:249.

March 20, Brunsbo.--Fifteenth letter to Benzelius: speaks of the proposed professorship as a joke, but thinks it highly desirable, even though impossible at the present time.--D. I:253.

April, Brunsbo.--Sixteenth letter to Benzelius: describes a plan for the establishment of an astronomical observatory at Upsala.--D. I:258.

June 26, Brunsbo.--Seventeenth letter to Benzelius: speaks of Sweden as being now in the last agonies of death.--D. I:261.

June 26, Brunsbo.--Eighteenth letter to Benzelius: contains various literary and political observations.--D. I:264.

September 4, Brunsbo.--Nineteenth letter to Benzelius: treats of the further publication of the Ddalus, and relates some current gossip about the king.--D. I:266.

December 6, Lund.--Letter of Polheim to the king, recommending Emanuel Swedberg for the office of assessor in the Royal College of MinesL. 1896:151.

December 10, Lund.--Royal warrant appointing Em. Swedberg to be assessor extraordinary in the College of Mines, and at the same time assistant to Councillor Polheim.--L. 1896:152.

December 18, Lund.--Letter of Charles XIL. to the College of Mines, announcing the appointment of Em. Swedberg.--D. I:401.

December, Carlskrona.--Twentieth letter to Benzelius: describes the favor shown by the king to the writer, and his appointment to office, the vain efforts of an enemy to injure him, the interest of the king in the Ddalus and in a plan to build sluices and locks at the falls of Trollhttan, in order to connect the Baltic with the North Sea by means of a canal.--D. I:273.

[Photo of Charles XII.]

PUBLICATIONS.
Swedberg, Emanuel: Ddalus Hyperboreus, eller ngra nya Mathematiska och Physikaliska Frsk eller anmrkningar, som wlborne Herr Assessor Plheimer och andre Sinrike i Swerige hafwa gjordt och nu tid efter annan til allmen nytto lemna. (The Northern Ddalus, or some new mathematical and physical experiments and observations made by the well-born Assessor Polheim and other ingenious men in Sweden, and now from time to time to be made public for the general benefit.) Upsala, 1716-1718.

Six numbers, 4to, making in all 154 pp.

This scientific serial magazine is further described in D. II:888.--A. L.

Ludius Heliconius, sive Carmina Miscellanea, qu wariis in locis cecinit Em. Swedberg. (The Heliconian Sport, or Miscellaneous Poems, composed in various places). Skara, 16 pp., 4to.D. II:886.--R. L.

A second Latin edition was published by Carl Delen, in Stockholm, 1826, and a third by Dr. Im. Tafel, at Tübingen, 1941.

Cantus Sapphicus in Carissimi Parentis, Doct. Jesperi Swedbergii, episcopi Scarensis reverendissimi, Diem natalem. (A Sapphic Poem in celebration of the birthday of Bishop Jesper Swedberg). Skara, 4 pp., 4to.

A poem of ten verses, reprinted in the third edition of Ludus Heliconius. Selections from these works of poetry have been translated into English verse by Mr. S. Stockwell, and published in I. 1844: 147, 195.

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS.
Death of Leibnitz, Nov. 14.

John Law establishes his bank in Paris.

Austria declares war against Turkey; victory of Prince Eugene at Peterwardein.

The first Presbyterian Synod in America is organized at Philadelphia.

1717. January 23, Gottenburg, --Twenty-first letter to Benzelius: treats chiefly of the Ddalus, and of the proposed observatory at Upsala.--D. I:276.

February 23, Stjernesund.--Twenty-second letter to Benzelius: the writer is visiting the home of Polheim; encloses MS. of Ddalus, No. V.; reports some scientific anecdotes related to him by the king; mentions a visit to Uddevalla, to study a process of manufacturing salt, in which the king is interested.--D. I:277.

March 24, Stockholm.--Twenty-third letter to Benzelius: the writer is visiting the capital; sends particulars respecting the publication of the Ddalus.D. I:280.

March 27.While in Stockholm, Em. Swedberg meets the daughters of Polheim, Maria and Emerentia, on their visit to this city.--D. I:281.

April 3.--Receives a letter from Polheim, who reports that the king is desiring their return to the royal headquarters in Lund.--D. I:282.

April 4, Stockholm. --Twenty-fourth letter to Benzelius: states his intention of leaving for Lund in a fortnight.--D. I:282.

April 6, Stockholm.--Em. Swedberg takes the oath of office at the College of Mines.--D. I:402.

April 17.--He is granted leave of absence, sine die, from the College of Mines, in order to accompany Polheim to Carlskrona, and thence to Lund, where they are to join the king.--D. I:403.

June 26, Lund.--Twenty-fifth letter to Benzelius: states that he arrived in Lund at the end of May; has presented Ddalus, No. V., to the king, who is much pleased; the prospects of establishing salt works and of completing the canal appear good; speaks of the great penetration of the king, who has invented a new duodecimal system of counting; expects to leave Lund in eight days.-D. I:284

December, Brunsbo. --Twenty-sixth letter to Benzelius: mentions visits to Uddevalla and Strmstad, where he has been selecting suitable places for the proposed salt works.--D. I:286.

During this year he writes the following six papers, which have not yet been published:

Om Nyttan af ett Astromomiskt observatorium i Sverige.

(On the use of instituting an astronomical observatory in Sweden; with a plan by which this may be carried out.)MS 4 pp.
De Causis Rerum. (On the causes of things.)--MS. 4 pp.

En Ny Theorie om jordens afstannande (A new theory concerning the decreasing motion of the earth.)MS. 38 pp.

Om Sttet fr Manufacturernas uphjelpande. (On the mode of assisting the recovery of commerce and manufactures.)MS. 6 pp.

Memorial om Saltsjuderiens inrttning i Sverige. (A memorial on the establishment of salt works in Sweden.)--MS. 4 pp.

Om Eldens och frgornas Natur. (On the nature of fire and colors.)--MS. 6 pp.

For particulars concerning these papers, see D. II: 890-892.

PUBLICATION.
[Swedberg, Em.]: Underrttelse om thet frtenta Stjernesunds arbete, thess bruk och frtening. (Information concerning the tin-ware of Stjernesund, its use, and the method of tinning). Stockholm. Werner. 4 pp. 4to.--D.II:889.-A. L.

Published anonymously.

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS.
Fall of Walpole. Triple alliance between France, Great Britain and Holland.

The Spanish take possession of Sardinia.

The Turks are defeated at Belgrade by Prince Eugene.

1718. January 7, Brunsbo.--Twenty-seventh letter to Benzelius: encloses a paper in which he has developed the kings new system of calculation.--D. I:288.

January 14, Brunsbo.--Twenty-eighth letter to Benzelius: sends the MS. of an Algebra, in the Swedish language, and arranges for its publication; discusses salt and hot springs; describes his fathers successful audience with the king.--D. I:290.

January 21, Brunsbo. --Twenty-ninth letter to Benzelius: declines, with thanks, a suggestion that he become a professor at the University of Upsala; thinks he can be of more practical usefulness to his country in his present position; intends to devote himself to mechanics and chemistry, of which the members of the College of Mines have but little knowledge; desires to leave the old, beaten track, and to develop something new in science; explains his reasons for pushing the establishment of salt works; states that his father had told the king a number of wholesome truths; will proceed to rebro and Starbo, next day.--D. I:293.

January 30, Starbo.--Thirtieth letter to Benzelius: describes a paper, in which he has proved the round form of the particles of air and water; gives further reasons for declining a professorship in Upsala; criticizes the innovations in the currency, and the new and unjust taxes imposed by the king.--D. I:296.

February, Starbo.--Thirty-first letter to Benzelius: expects to join Polheim at Wenersborg in two weeks, in order to proceed with the work on the canal, after which he will visit Upsala; describes the kings dissatisfaction at the discontinuance of the Ddalus; suggests the establishment of a professorship for the Swedish language at Upsala.--D. I:299.

March--At Upsala, where he publishes his work on Algebra.

As a continuation of this work, he writes, soon afterwards, a manuscript of 169 pages on subjects of higher mathematics, entitled Geometrica et Algebraica.--D. II:893.

June (end), Wenersborg.--Thirty-second letter to Benzelius: is daily occupied in building locks at Trollhttan; complains of the small interest generally taken in the cause of science, the prevailing lack of funds, and the tendency of the country towards barbarism; has met Baron Grtz, (the kings unworthy favorite and financial adviser, whose measures brought unspeakable misery upon Sweden; he was afterwards beheaded).--D. I:300.

July 1.--Emanuel Swedberg at Strmstad, superintending the, then, stupendous work of transporting a number of warships seventeen miles overland, thereby circumventing the Danish-English fleet, and making possible the campaign of Charles XII. against Norway. Swedenborg himself makes no mention of this feat, which, however, is a well-established historical fact.--D. I:554.

September 14, Wenersborg.--Thirty-third letter to Benzelius: has been twice to Wenersborg with the king, who has shown marked favor and grace; looks forward to command of his own in the building of the canal; mentions that Polheims eldest daughter has become engaged to Chamberlain Manderström, and wonders what people will think, as she had been engaged to him, Emanuel; thinks that the second daughter, Emerentia, is much prettier.--D. I:302.

The story of his engagement to Emerentia Polheim is related and discussed in D. I:634; II:437.

October 2, Brunsbo.--Thirty-fourth letter to Benzelius: has been here three weeks, and has seen Ddalus, part vi, through the press; is experiencing persecution from the members of his family; none of his relations have shown him any kindness, except Eric Benzelius; even his father and stepmother have become estranged from him through the influence of a brother-in-law; hopes to be able to follow the king in the campaign against Norway.D. I:303; compare I:162.

November 30.--King Charles XII. is killed, while besieging the fortress of Frederikshall, in Norway. He is succeeded on the throne by his sister, Ulrica Eleonora. The constitution of Sweden is soon afterward changed from an absolute monarchy to one exceedingly limited. For biographies of these monarchs, see D. I:602.

December 8, Brunsbo.-Thirty-fifth letter to Benzelius, (the writer has not heard of the kings death): thanks God that he has escaped the Norwegian campaign; will visit Stockholm in a few days; relates the latest news from Norway; will wait with the further publication of the Ddalus, until the king shall provide the means.--D. I:305.

PUBLICATIONS.
Swedberg, Em.: Regelkonsten, frfattad i tio Bcker. (An Algebra written in ten parts). Upsala. Werner. 135 pp. 16mo.--D. II:892. The first work on Algebra in the Swedish tongue. It was favorably reviewed in Sweden and abroad.--A. L.

Frsk att finna stra och Westra Lngden igenom Mnan. (An attempt to find the Longitudes by means of the Moon). Upsala. Werner. 38pp. 8vo.-D. II:894. This tract was originally published in Ddalus, No. IV.; it was afterwards published in Latin by the author, in Amsterdam, 1721. Highly favorable reviews of this work appeared in the learned journals of Sweden and Germany.--A. L.

Om Jordens och Planetarns Gang och Stand. (On the motion and station of the earth and the planets: that is, some arguments showing that the earth is diminishing in its course, and now revolves more slowly than formerly, causing winter and summer, days and nights, to be longer, as to time, than in past ages). Skara. Kjelberg. 40 pp. 16mo.--D. II:895. In this little work the author publishes an original theory of the peopling of America. See L. 1884:174--A. L.

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS.
Sicily is invaded by the Spanish. Austria joins the alliance against Spain; the Spanish fleet is defeated off Cape Passaro.

Turkey makes peace with Austria and Venice.

New Orleans is settled by the French. Death of William Penn.

1719. February 13.--Emanual Swedberg is present at the College of Mines in Stockholm.

March 17.--In Upsala, where, on the coronation day of Queen Ulrica, he publishes a treatise On the Depth of Waters.--D. II:895.

April 18.--Letter from Polheim to Benzelius, from which it appears that Emanuel is still in Upsala, and that he feels estranged from Polheim (perhaps on account of the breaking of the engagement between Emanuel and Emerentia Polheim. The work on the canal has been suspended, owing to the universal poverty in the kingdom.D. I:306, 635.

May 23.--Bishop Swedbergs wife and children are elevated by the Queen to the rank of nobility; they assume the name Swedenborg; Emanuel as the eldest son, takes his seat in the House of Nobles as a member of the Swedish Diet.--Tottie II:273; D. I:969, and especially M. 27:45.

During this month there appeared a second and enlarged edition of his work on the Depth of Waters. This edition is signed by Emanuel Swedenborg, the former by Emanuel Swedberg.

June-October.--Swedenborg writes the two following treatises, which have not yet been published:

(1) Anatomi af vr allra finaste natur (Anatomy of our purest substances, showing that moving and living force consists of tremulations), 48 pp.

(2) Nya Anledningar til Grufvors igenfinnande (New directions for discovering metallic veins, 14 pp.--D. II:898.

November 2.--In Stockholm: submits to the College of Mines a paper on Swedish iron furnaces and their working.D. I:404.

November 3, Stockholm.--Thirty-sixth letter to Benzelius: speaks of some new discoveries concerning the earths approach toward the sun; describes the various new treatises which he has written; deplores the lack of interest in scientific things in the present state of the country.--D. I:307.

November 14.--The Queen instructs the College of Mines to report upon a memorial from Swedenborg, in which he proposes the establishment of a factory for extricating vitriol at the copper mines of Fahlun.D. I:405.

November 26, Stockholm.--Thirty-seventh letter to Benzelius: contains further discussion of the earths approach toward the sun; gives reasons for supposing that God and the blessed have their abode in the sun; repudiates the idea of a material hell-fire, but suggests remorse of conscience in its place; is willing to refer everything to the Word of God; appears discouraged at the reception which his latest works have met, and thinks that Pluto and envy have taken possession of the people.--D. I:312.

December 1, Stockholm.-Thirty-eighth letter to Benzelius: seems to be thoroughly discouraged at his prospects in Sweden, and proposes to seek his fortune abroad.D. I:315.

PUBLICATIONS.
Swedberg, Em.: Om Wattnens Hödg, och Frra Werldens starka Ebb och Flod. (On the depth of waters and the powerful tides in the primeval world). Upsala. Werner. 16 pp. 16mo.--D. II:895.--A. L.

Om Wattnens Hödg. Second edition. Upsala. Werner. 40 pp. 16mo.--A. L.

Underrttelse om Docken, Slysswerken och Saltwerket. (Information concerning docks, canal-locks, and salt works.) Stockholm. Werner. S pp. 4to.--D. II:896.N. Y. L.

Frslag til wrt Mynts och Mls indelning. (Proposals for the regulation of our coinage and measures; introducing a decimal system). Stockholm. Royal Printing Office. 8 pp. 4to.--D. II:899.

1720. January, Stockholm.Thirty-ninth letter to Benzelius: treats of his new discoveries in cerebral anatomy.--D. I:317.

February 24, Stockholm.--Fortieth letter to Benzelius: deals exclusively with anatomical matters--D. I:318.

February 29, Stockholm.--Forty-first letter to Benzelius: chiefly anatomical; is much pleased with a favorable review of one of his works in the newly published Acta Literaria Sueci.--D. I:320.

March 3, Stockholm.--Forty-second letter to Benzelius: proposes the establishment of a Mathematical Society, and the institution of a public lottery as a means of raising money for its expenses.D. I:323.

April 12, Brunsbo.--Forty-third letter to Benzelius: relates a scientific observation about the midnight sun, and its continued reflection in a lake, even after it had set.--D. I:324.

Swedenborg is at this time on a visit to his fathers home in order to attend the funeral of his stepmother, Sarah Bergia Swedenborg, who died on March 3d.--Tottie I:278. Concerning Swedenborgs mothers, in the spiritual world, see S. D. 4181, 4182.

May 2, Brunsbo.--Forty-fourth letter to Benzelius: is engaged in chemical researches and discoveries.D. I:325.

June.Skinskatteberg, (Swedenborgs mining property in Dalecarlia).--Forty-fifth letter to Benzelius: treats of the origin of meteors.D. I:327.

June 19, Skinskatteberg.--Swedenborg petitions the College of Mines for a regular salary, as assessor extraordinary.--D. I:406.

July 9, Stockholm.Swedenborg petitions the king (Frederic I., consort and co-regent with Ulrica Eleonora) for appointment to the office of an ordinary assessor in the College of Mines--L. 1896:152.

July 21.--Additional petition of Bishop Swedberg for his son.--L. Ibid.

November 21, Stockholm.--Renewed application by Swedenborg to the king for appointment to ordinary assessorship.--L. ibid.

December 25.Swedenborg at Brunsbo, attending the wedding of Bishop Swedberg to his third wife, Christina Arethusa.--Tottie II:273.

During this year Swedenborg writes a treatise entitled Om Wennerns fallande och stigande (On the rising and falling of Lake Werner), MS. 7 pp. An abstract of this paper was published in Acta Literaria Sueci for 1720:111-116.--D. II:899.

About this time he writes, also, a large work called Principia Rerum Naturalium ab experimentis et geometrica educata. (First principles of natural things, deduced from experience and geometry) MS. 560 pp. This has never been published.--See D. II:899.

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS.
The South Sea Company undertakes the payment of the British debt; bursting of the South Sea Bubble.

Failure of Laws Mississippi scheme in France.

The Duke of Savoy cedes Sicily to Austria, in exchange for Sardinia. The dominions of Savoy are changed into the kingdom of Sardinia.

Sweden makes peace with Prussia, ceding a great part of Pomerania. Ulrica Eleonora gives over the government of Sweden to her consort, Frederic of Hesse-Cassel.

1721. January 2.--Swedenborg still at Brunsbo.D. I:167.

May 21, Stockholm.--Letter of Swedenborg to Jacob a Melle, treating of the fluctuations of the primeval ocean.

This letter was published in the Acta Literaria Succi for 1721.--See D. II:900.

June.--Swedenborg leaves Stockholm to enter upon a second foreign journey.--D. II:4.

June 30, Helsingborg.--Before leaving Sweden he writes to the College of Mines, asking for instructions.--D. I:407.

July.--Traveling by way of Copenhagen and Hamburg, he arrives in Amsterdam, where he publishes four new works.

October 21, Amsterdam.--Letter by Swedenborg to Ambassador Preis at the Hague, presenting some of the recent publications.L. 1896:168.

November 8, Leyden.--Second letter to Ambassador Preis, expressing thanks for hospitable reception during a late visit to the Hague.ibid.

November 29, Liege.--Date of a letter, containing New Rules for Maintaining Heat in Rooms, which Swedenborg sends to Eric Benzelius. The paper was published in the Acta Literaria Sueci for 1722.D. II:902.

December 12, Lige.--Sends some Latin verses to Benzelius; commemorating the treaty of Nystad, between Russia and Sweden.--D. I:329.

December 15, Lige.--Forty-sixth letter to Benzelius: expects to start for Germany on the following day.D. I:330.

December 16.--Travels to Aix-la-Chapelle, Cologne, and adjacent places, examining mines.--D. II:5.

PUBLICATIONS.
Swedenborg: Prodromus Principiorum Rerum Naturalium sive Novorum Tentaminum Chymiam et Physicam experimentalem geometrice explicandi. (A forerunner of the first principles of natural things, or of new attempts to explain Chemistry and experimental Physics, by means of Geometry.) Amsterdam. John Osterwyk. 119 pp. 16mo.--D. II:900.--A. L.

This work was translated into English by Mr. C. E. Strutt, and published at London, in 1847, under the title Some Specimens of a Work on the Principles of Chemistry.

Nova Observata et Inveta circa Ferrum et Ignem, et prcipue circa naturam Ignis elementarum, una cum nova Camini inventione. (New Observations and Discoveries respecting Iron and Fire, and particularly respecting the elementary nature of Fire; together with a new construction of stoves). Amsterdam. Osterwyk. 56pp. 16mo.

This treatise has been incorporated in the English edition of Principles of Chemistry.

Methodus Nova inveniendi Longitudines Locorum terra marique ope Lun. (A new method of finding the longitudes of places, on land or at sea, by means of the Moon). Amsterdam. Osterwyk. 29 pp. 8vo.--D. II:901.--A. L.

Artificia nova mechanica Receptacula Navalia et Aggeres Aquaticos construendi. (A new mechanical plan for constructing Docks and Dykes; and a new mode of discovering the powers of vessels by the application of mechanical principles). Amsterdam. Osterwyk. 21pp. 8vo.--D. II:902.--A. L.

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS.
Walpole again becomes Prime Minister of England.

Financial bankruptcy in France.

Peace of Nystad, between Sweden and Russia; the latter gains all the Baltic provinces, excepting Finland.

Pope Innocent XIII. succeeds Clement XI.

Revival of missionary work for the Greenlanders, by Hans Egede, the Apostle of Greenland.

1722. January-March.--From Cologne Swedenborg travels to Leipzig, where he publishes the Miscellanea Observata.

Leaving Leipzig he visits all the mines in Saxony, and travels thence to Hamburg, where he publishes Part IV of the Miscellanea Observata.

From Hamburg he returns to Brunswick and Gosslar, visiting all the mines in the Hartz Mountains; while in this region he is introduced to Duke Rudolph of Brunswick, who becomes his great friend and patron.--D. I:616; II:5.

From Brunswick he returns to Hamburg, and thence by way of Stralsund and Ystad to Stockholm.D. II:5.

July 14, Medevi (a summer resort near Lake Wetter, in Sweden).--Swedenborg addresses a memorial to the king, asking for permission to introduce a new and improved method of extracting copper from ore at the mines of Fahlun.D. I:331.

August 9, Stockholm.--Forty-seventh letter to Benzelius: treats of the new method of extracting copper; proposes to visit Starbo shortly, and thence Upsala.--D. I:331.

October 11, Stockholm.--Addresses a memorial to the College of Mines respecting the new method of extracting copper.--D. I:411.

November 10.--Reply to the mining authorities of Fahlun to Swedenborgs memorial, conditionally assenting to his proposition.--D. I:414.

December 7, Stockholm.--Swedenborgs reply to the objections and conditions proposed by the mining authorities of Fahlun.--D. I:421.

During this year he writes the following treatises:

Expositio Legis Hydrostatic. (An exposition of the law of Hydrostatics, demonstrating the power of the deepest water of the Deluge, and their action on rocks and other Substances at the bottom of the sea.) Published in Acta Literaria Sueci.D. II:905.

De Magnete et ejus qualitatibus. (Concerning the magnet and its qualities). MS. 229 pp. 4to.--D. II:906.

PUBLICATIONS.
Swedenborg: Miscellanea Observata circa Res Naturales et prsertim circa Mineralia, Ignem, et Montium Strata. (Miscellaneous Observations respecting natural things, and especially respecting minerals, fire and the strata of mountains). Parts I-III. Leipzig. 164 pp. Part IV. Schiffbeck, near Hamburg. H. Holle. 56 pp. 16mo.D. II:902.A. L.

An English translation of this work, by Mr. C. E. Strutt, was published in London, 1847.

[Photo of Swedenborgs House and Garden.see page 54.]

Fabula de Amore et Metamorphosi Uranies in virum et in famulum Apollinis. (A Fable concerning the Love and Metamorphosis of [the muse] Urania into a man and servant of Apollo; addressed to Count Maurice Wellingk.) Schiffbeck. 8 pp. 4to.--D. II:905.

An elegiac poem, written at Brunswick. Ofrgripliga Tanckar om Svenska Myntets Frnedring och Frhgning. (Frank views on the fall and rise in the value of Swedish currency.) Stockholm. Werner. 20pp. 4to.--D. II:906.-A. L.

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS.
Members of the Unitas Fratrum or Reformed Church of Bohemia and Moravia, begin to settle at Herrnhut, on the estates of Count Zinzendorf; beginning of the modern Moravian Church.

1723. January (?), Stockholm.--Letter by Swedenborg to his brother-in-law, Lars Benzelstjerna, relating some recent political events.--D. I:334.

February 5, Stockholm.--Date of Swedenborgs Memorial to the Diet, respecting the state of Swedish Finances, proposing a thorough investigation into the condition of the commerce and the mercantile marine of the country.--D. I:471.

February 18, Stockholm.--Date of Swedenborgs Memorial to the Diet, proposing to abolish the distinction made in mining districts in favor of copper, to the detriment of iron.--D. I:475.

(The College of Mines, in Swedenborgs absence, on May 24th instructed one of its members to oppose this memorial in the House of Nobles.--D. I:429.)

April 11, Stockholm.--Date of Swedenborgs Memorial to the Diet in favor of establishing rolling mills in Sweden.--D. I:480.

April 11, Stockholm.--Swedenborg makes his formal entrance as assessor extraordinary at the College of Mines, with liberty of being present at the sessions, according to his own pleasure.--D. I:427.

May 20, Stockholm.--Date of Swedenborgs Memorial to the Diet, in favor of encouraging the production of iron in Sweden.--D. I:477.

September 16, Stockholm.--Swedenborg addresses a letter to the College of Mines, asking for permission to try a new process of making steel, which he had learned from Vienna, before the same privilege be granted to another person.--D. I:430.

October 29, Stockholm.He applies for a short leave of absence from the College, in order to attend to some personal affairs in the country.--D. I:430.

He now travels to the iron works at Axmar, of which he is joint owner with his aunt, Brita Rehm, in order to erect there a new furnace, to replace the one which had been destroyed by the Russians in the year 172I.--D. I:431.

December.--He spends the Christmas at his fathers home in Brunsbo.--D. I:187.

During this year Swedenborg is occupied in writing a work, De Genuina Metallorum Tractatione. (On the Genuine Treatment of Metals.) MS. 1481 pp.--D. II:906.

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS.
The Jansenists, persecuted in France, establish an independent Catholic Church in Holland, with headquarters at Utrecht.

Death of the Duke of Orleans, regent of France.

Peter the Great secures large territories from Persia.

1724. February 14, Presthyttan, near Axmar.--Forty-eighth letter to Benzelius: treats chiefly of business matters, and of his work on the treatment of metals.D. I:335.

April 20.--Letter of Bishop Swedberg to his son, Jesper Swedenborg, then in North America, informing him of the will of the Bishops second wife, Sarah Bergia, whereby her property was to be divided equally among all the children of the first marriage (she had no children of her own), while Emanuel was to be nominal owner and executor of the estate at Starbo.--D. I:374.

April 28.--The College of Mines makes application to the king that a regular salary be given to Assessor Swedenborg--D. I:431.

May 18.--He returns to Stockholm.Ibid.

May 26, Stockholm.--Forty-ninth letter to Benzelius: again refuses to consider a proposed professorship at Upsala; refers to his impediment in speaking (a slight stuttering and states that he does not possess the donum docendi (gift of teaching); refuses to answer the attacks of certain scientific antagonists.--D. I:337.

June 16, Stockholm--Swedenborgs letter to the College of Mines, expressing gratitude for its favorable proposition to the king in regard to his salary.D. I:432.

July 7, Stockholm.--Swedenborgs final appeal to the king for appointment to the office of an ordinary assessor at the College of Mines with a regular salary.--L. 1896:153

July 15.Royal warrant, appointing Swedenborg to the desired office, with an annual salary of 800 dalers in silver (about $240).Ibid.

July-August.--Swedenborg at Axmar, looking after his share in the iron works.--D. I:433.

August 18, Stockholm.--Swedenborgs letter to Baron Ribbing, President of the College of Mines, in regard to mining affairs.Ibid.

August 20, Stockholm.--Fiftieth letter to Benzelius: speaks of having met his brother Jesper and other Swedish travelers, lately returned from the Swedish settlements in Pennsylvania, and the renowned French chemist Reaumur, whom he considers a clever scientific man; will accept the invitation of Sir Hans Sloane to become a corresponding member of the Royal Society of London.--D. I:339.

November 9.--Begins a lawsuit against his maternal aunt, Brita Rehm, who has sought to deprive him of the privilege of smelting in common with her at the iron works at Axmar.--D. I:379, 434.

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS.
Louis XV. renews the persecutions against the Huguenots.

Pope Benedict XIII. succeeds Innocent XIII.

1725. January-July.--Swedenborg present in Stockholm, attending the College of Mines.--D. I:434-436.

February 14.--Receives a letter from his brother, Jesper, asking for advice whether to return to America or not.--D. I:342.

March 1.--Swedenborg wins his lawsuit against Brita Behm.--D. I:379.

July-October.--Swedenborg absent from Stockholm, commission to examine iron works in the mining districts.--D. I:436.

November-December.--Present in Stockholm at the College of Mines.Ibid.

During a period, beginning with this year and ending with the year 1733, he writes the following treatises, hitherto published:

Adversaria in Principia Rerum Naturalium. (Papers referring to the Principles of Nature). MS. 13 pp.

De Mechanismo Anim et Corporis. (On the Mechanism of the Soul and the Body). MS. 16 pp.

Generaliter de Motu Elementarum. (Generally, on the Motion of the Elements). MS 5 pp.

Comparatio Ontologi et Cosmologi generalis Dom. Christiani Wolfii, cum Principiis nostris rerum naturalium. (Comparison between the Ontology and Cosmology of Christian Wolf, with Swedenborgs Principles of Nature). MS. 49 pp.

Observata in corpore humano. (Anatomical Observations). MS. 6 pp.--All these works described in D. II:907-098.

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS.
A treaty of alliance between Austria and Spain is signed at Vienna. A counter alliance is formed between England, France and Prussia.

Death of Peter the Great. He is succeeded by his wife, Catharine I.

1720. January-July.-Swedenborg in Stockholm, at the College of Mines.--D. I:437.

May, Stockholm.--Swedenborgs memorial to the king, with a petition that he be retained ill his present post and status, without change, contrary to the demands of Assessor Swab.--L. 1896:166.

June 6, Stockholm.--Fifty-first letter to Benzelius: criticizes a new English method of finding the longitudes.--D. I:344.

July-August.--Swedenborg absent on a commission to adjust some mining difficulties in the provinces.D. I:437.

September-December. -- Remains in Stockholm the rest of the year.Ibid.

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS.
Cardinal Fleury becomes Prime Minister of France.

Russia joins the Vienna Alliance.

1727. January-December.--Swedenborg remains in Stockholm the entire year.--D. I:438.

October 24.--Swedenborgs first letter to his cousin, Abraham D Schönström: deals entirely with family matters.--D. I:346.

November 21.--Second letter to A. D. SchönströmD. I:347.

November 27.--Third letter to A. D. Schönström.D. I:348.

PUBLICATIONS.
Swedenborg: Nova Observata et Inventa.
Prodromus Principiorum Rerum Naturalium.
Methodus Nova inveniendi Longitudines.

Second Latin editions of these three works were published this year by J. and A. Strander, at Amsterdam.--D. I:901.

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS.
George II. succeeds his father, George I., on the throne of Great Britain.

Death of Isaac Newton.

Peter II., grandson of Peter the Great, succeeds Catharine I. in Russia.

Beginning of the German Reformed Church in America, among the emigrants from the Palatinate, who had been invited to Pennsylvania by William Penn.

1728. Swedenborg remains in Stockholm the entire year.D. I:438.

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS.
An international congress of the Great Powers assembles at Soissons.

The Danish navigator, Behring, discovers the strait connecting the Arctic Ocean with the Pacific.

1729. January -July.--Swedenborg remains in Stockholm.--D. I:439.

March 18.--He receives a letter from his brother-in-law, Pastor Unge, who exhorts him to muster up courage, and seek a suitable wife.D. I:349.

July-October.-Swedenborg absent on a commission to inspect iron works in Dalecarlia.--D. I:439.

October-December.--Remains in Stockholm.Ibid.

December 23, Stockholm.--Letter of Swedenborg to Brita Behm, who is threatening him with another lawsuit.D. I:351.

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS.
John Wesley and George Whitefield begin the Methodistic movement.

Treaty of Seville, between Spain, Great Britain and France.

Carolina is purchased by the British Crown, and is divided into two royal provinces, North and South Carolina.

1730. January-June.--Swedenborg remains in Stockholm.--D. I:439.

April 10.--Letter from Bishop Swedberg, asking Emanuel to write some Latin verses for a new publication.--D. I:352.

June 4.--Royal warrant, granting Swedenborg the full salary of an ordinary assessor (about $375).D. I:439.

July 16.--Swedenborg leaves Stockholm on a tour to inspect forest lands belonging to iron works in Dalecarlia; returns to Stockholm in September.--D. I: 440.

August 18.--Bishop Swedbergs residence at Brunsbo is consumed by fire. The Bishop loses his entire library with many of his manuscripts. It is probable that many letters from Emanuel were destroyed on this occasionD. I:353.

September-December.--Remains in Stockholm.--D. I:440.

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS.
Voltaire, DAlembert, Diderot, and other atheistic philosophists begin to work together against religion.

The Empress Anne, niece of Peter I., succeeds Peter II. in Russia.

Pope Clement XII. succeeds Benedict XIII.

Foundation of Baltimore.

1731. January-August.-Swedenborg remains in Stockholm.--D. I:441.

April-May.--Absent from the College of Mines on account of illness.

July 28-October 9.--Traveling in the provinces, inspecting iron works.

October-December.--Remains in Stockholm.Ibid.

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS.
The Gentlemans Magazine begins to be published at London. Death of Daniel Defoe.

England and Holland guarantee the Pragmatic Sanction of Charles VI. of Austria.

Treaty of Seville between Great Britain, France and Spain. Don Carlos, son of Philip V. of Spain, is established in the Duchies of Parma and Piacenza, on the extinction of the Farnese family.

Persecution and expulsion of the Protestant inhabitants of Salzburg.

1732. Swedenborg remains in Stockholm the entire year.--D. I:441.

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS.
Publication of Popes Essay on Man.

The territory of Georgia is granted to General Oglethorpe.

The first Subscription Library in America is founded by Benjamin Franklin at Philadelphia.

Birth of George Washington.

1733. April 12, Stockholm.--Swedenborg applies to the king for leave of absence from the College, in order to undertake a journey abroad.L. 1896:167.

April 17.--Royal decree, granting Swedenborg nine months leave of absence.D. I:442, 443.

May 10.--Swedenborg leaves Stockholm on his third foreign journey; passes through Linköping, Grenna, and Jnkping to Ystad.--D. II:6.

May 24.--Arrives at Stralsund; travels through Mecklenburg and Brandenburg to Berlin, where he arrives on June 1.

June 5.--Having visited the libraries, museums, and laboratories of Berlin, he leaves for Dresden, where he reads through and corrects his Principia, visits the Botanical Garden, attends Catholic worship, and remarks on its blandishments for the external senses; examines glass works, and consults scientific works.--D. II:1-38.

July 23.Arrives at Prague, in Bohemia.--D. II:38.

July 30.--Visits Carlsbad, and examines the mineral springs.--D. II:42.

August 6.--Visits the mining towns around Carlsbad.--D. II:43-68.

August 19.Returns to Dresden by way of Prague, and travels thence to Leipzig.

October 5, Leipzig--Begins the publication of Principia.--D. II:71-73.

He seems to have remained here the rest of the year. The record of his journey is noted in a diary, entitled:

Itinerarium ex anno 1733.--(Described in D. II:908; translated and published in D. II:6-73.

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS.
Secession of the Associated Presbytery from the Church of Scotland.

The first Bourbon family compact is established between the dynasties of France and Spain.

Death of Augustus II. of Poland and Saxony. His son, Frederick Augustus II., succeeds in Saxony, and is elected King of Poland by a minority of the Polish nobility. The majority elect their former King, Stanislas Leszczynski, who is supported by his son-in-law, Louis XV., and by Spain. Russia and Austria support the elector of Saxony. Leszczynski is expelled.

Beginning of the war of the Polish succession. The French occupy Lorraine and Lombardy.

Savannah is founded by Oglethorpe.

1734. January-February.-Swedenborg remains in Leipzig, where, during these months, he publishes the Opera Philosophica.

January 4, Leipzig.--Letter of Swedenborg to Councillor Trier, of Dresden, respecting the petrifaction of marine animals.--D. II:744; (original in possession of John Bragg, Esq., of Birmingham; fac-simile published in Morning Light, 1879).

January 19, Leipzig.--Letter to the College of Mines, applying for prolonged leave of absence.D. I:441.

February.While still at Leipzig he publishes also his Prodromus de Infinito.

March.--Swedenborg leaves Leipzig: travels to Halle, Cassel, Schmalkalden, and Gotha; visits Duke Ludwig Rudolph, at Brunswick; journeys through Hamburg and Ystad to Stockholm, where he arrives in July and attends the opening of the Diet.--D II:6, 73, 676.

July 4.--In Stockholm: resumes his duties in the College of Mines; remains here the rest of the year.--D. I:445.

December 17.--Swedenborg is invited to become an honorary or corresponding member of the Imperial Academy of Sciences of Russia.D I:22.

During the autumn or winter of this year he presents to the Secret Committee of the House of Nobles a Memorial on the impolicy of declaring War against Russia.D. I:483.

About this time he writes also:

Epitome Principiorum Rerum Naturalium (An Abstract of the Principia) MS. 27 pp.D. II:914.

PUBLICATIONS.
Swedenborg: Opera Philosophica et Mineralia (Philosophical and Metallurgical Works). 3 Vols. Dresden and Leipzig. Fred. Hekel.--A. L.

Vol. I. Principia Rerum Naturalium, sive novorum Tentaminum Phnomena mundi elementaris philosophice explicandi (The first Principles of Natural Things, or of new attempts toward a philosophical explanation of the elementary world). 3 parts, 452 pp. folio.

Vol. II., Regnum Subterraneum sive Minerale de Ferro (The Subterranean or Mineral Kingdom in respect to Iron). 386 pp. folio.

Vol. III., Regnum Subterraneum sive Minerale de Cupro et Orichalco (The Subterranean or Mineral Kingdom in respect to Copper and Brass). 534 pp. folio.

These three volumes are described in D. II:908-912. The first volume contains a portrait of Swedenborg, printed from a copper engraving. Cuno testifies to its faithfulness.--D. II:1196. Compare N. J. C. R. 1817:138.

Vol. I., the Principia, has been translated into English by the Rev. Augustus Clissold, and was published in London, 1846.

Of Vol. II., On Iron, the preface has been translated into English and published as an appendix to the Principia. The chapter on the conversion of Iron and Steel was reprinted in Strasburg in 1737, and the whole of Section I. was translated into French and published in Paris in 1762.D. II:911.

An English translation of the preface to Vol. III., On Copper, is also appended to the English edition of the Principia.

Prodromus Philosophi ratiocinantis de Infinito et causa finali Creationis: deque Mechanismo operationis Anim et Corporis (Outlines of a philosophical argument on the Infinite and the final cause of Creation; and on the mechanism of the operation of Souland Body). Fred. Hekel. 270 pp. small 8vo.--D. II:913.--A. L.

A reprint of the original edition of this little work was published in London, 1886; English translations appeared in 1795 and 1847.

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS.

Campaign of the Austrians against France and Sardinia in Northern Italy. They are defeated by the latter at Bitonto. The French, under Berwick, besiege and capture Phillipsburg. Berwick is killed.

Don Carlos conquers Naples and Sicily, and is proclaimed king as Charles III. of the two Sicilies.

Death of Johann Dippel, the German theologian and adventurer.

1735. January-June.--Swedenborg remains in Stockholm.--D. I:446.

June 17, September.--Absent on a tour, inspecting the copper works at Fahlun.D. I:446.

July 26, Brunsbo.--Death of Bishop Swedberg, at the age of 82 years. (This date according to Tottie II. 275. The death occurred on July 7, according to D. I:83.)

Some time this year he begins to write:

Fragmenta Transactionum Trium de Cerebro (Fragments of three Treatises on the Brain). MS. 1004 pp.--D. II:914.

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS.
Publication of the Systema Natur by Linnus, the Swedish botanist.

The treaty of Vienna ends the war of the Polish succession. Augustus III. is acknowledged king of Poland. Parma and Piacenza are ceded to Austria. Lorraine is ceded to France, with Leszczynski as duke. Charles III. is confirmed in the kingdom of the two Sicilies.

The first Moravian bishop is consecrated at Herrnhut.

Moravians settle in Georgia (their first settlement in America).

1736. January 29.-Swedenborg in Brunsbo, attending the burial of his father.--D. I:359, 447.

March-July.Remains in Stockholm.--D. I:447, 455.

May 27. Stockholm.--Applies to the king for another leave of absence, ill order to publish some new works abroad. Offers to give up half of his salary to pay for an assessor taking his place in the College.--D. I:448, 450.

June 1, Stockholm.--Royal decree, granting Swedenborg a leave of absence for three or four years, at half salary.--D. I:454.

July 3.--Swedenborg takes leave of the king and the queen, who are very gracious to him.--D. II:75.

July 10.Leaves Stockholm: visits his sister and his brother-in-law, Bishop Eric Benzelius, in Linköping.D. II:76.

July 17, Helsingborg.Leaves Sweden on his fourth foreign journey: travels over Elsiner to Copenhagen.--D. II:77-80.

July 24.--Travels from Copenhagen to Hamburg.--D. II:81.

August 2.--In Hamburg: calls upon the celebrated philosopher, Christoffer Wolf, who, in a subsequent letter to Bishop Benzelius, states: At the present age scarcely anyone can compare with this most excellent and clear-headed man [Swedenborg], in the science of Mineralogy.D. I:362.

August 17.--Arrives at Amsterdam: travels thence to Rotterdam; remarks, in his diary, on the excellent condition of Holland, and on the blessings of a republican form of government.--D. II:86.

August 22.--Leaves Holland: travels through Antwerp to France. Speaks, in his diary, of the bad and useless life of the many monks who are devouring France.--D. II:90.

September 3.--Arrives in Paris: visits the libraries and the opera; works on his treatises.--D. II:93.

October.--In Paris: makes comments on the Catholic clergy, who possess one fifth of all the property in France; predicts the ruin of the country.D. II:94.

Remains in Paris the rest of the year.

During this year he begins to write down some of his more singular dreams.--D. II:130.

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS.
Publication of Butlers Analogy of Religion. Porteous riots in Edinburgh.

Russia makes war on Turkey; Azov is captured.

End of the Sofi dynasty in Persia. Nadir Shah ascends the throne.

1737. January-December.--Swedenborg seems to have spent the whole of this year in Paris.--D. II:98-102.

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS.
Death of Queen Caroline of England, and of John Huchinson, the Mystic.

Birth of Edward Gibbon. First publication of Crudens Concordance to the Sacred Scriptures.

The University of Gttingen is founded by George II.

Extinction of the Medici family in Tuscany.

Charles VI. of Austria makes war on Turkey.

1738 March 12.--Swedenborg leaves Paris, traveling over Lyons and Savoy, to Italy, arriving in Turin on March 31.D. II:102.

April 7.--Travels to Milan: on the way he is in danger from a vetturino (stage-driver) with a stiletto.--D. II:106.

April 13.Leaves Milan: travels over Bergamo, Verona, Vicenza, and Padua to Venice, where he remains five months.D. II:110. (Concerning his alleged experiences in Venice, when a youth [fifty years of age!], see n. I:629).

August 9.--Leaves Venice: travels through Mantua, Ferrara, and Bologna to Florence.D. II:112.

September 21.Visits Livorno and Pisa: travels, by way of Siena, to Rome, where he remains the rest of the year.--D. II:112-126. (Concerning the then pope, Clement XII., and his subsequent happy lot in the spiritual world, see C. J. 59 and M. 37:383.)

Beside the great work The Economy of the Animal Kingdom, on which Swedenborg is now laboring, he writes about this time two small religio-philosophical works:

De Via ad Cognitionem Anim (The Way to a Knowledge of the Soul) MS. 5 pp. 4to.

De Fide et Bonis Operibus (On Faith and Good Works). MS. 10 pp. Both of these have been translated into English by Dr. Wilkinson, and published in the Posthumous Tracts. See D. II:866.

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS.
The Methodists appear in London.

Death of Boerhaave, the Dutch physiologist.

France guarantees the Pragmatic Sanction of Charles VI.

Nadir Shah conquers Afghanistan.

1739. January-February 15.Remains in Rome.--D. II:127.

February 15.Returns to Florence and thence to Leghorn.D. II:129.

March 17.--In Genoa: remarks on the flat noses and countenances of the Genoese.D. II:130.

May 14.--Returns to Paris, where he remains the greater part of the year.

December 27.--In Amsterdam, where, on this day, he finishes the writing of the Economy of the Animal Kingdom.--D. II:130.

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS.
War of Jenkins Ear between Great Britain and Spain. Admiral Vernon takes Porto Bello. Publication of Humes Treatise on Human Nature. The first Methodist meeting-house is opened at Kingswood.

Peace of Belgrade between Austria, Russia and Turkey; the latter recovers Servia.

Nadir Shah captures and sacks Delhi, in India.

1740 January-October.--Swedenborg remains in Amsterdam, where he publishes the Economy of the Animal Kingdom, part I.

During the early part of this year he writes, also:

De Ossibus Cranii, deque Ossificatione, et de Dura Matre (On the Bones of the Skull; on Ossification, and on the Dura Mater), MS. 49 pp.D. II:919.

Philosophia Corpuscularis in Compendio (The Corpuscular Philosophy, in a Summary). MS. 1 p.

In this paper he states of the things which he had written: hc vera sunt, quia signum habeo (these things are true, because I have the sign). This sign consisted in a certain extraordinary light, and the vision of fiery lights and flames.--See S. D. 2931; D. II:920; Ad., Vol. III, 7012.

He also had dreams by which he was informed concerning the things which he had written; experienced peculiar changes of state and infestations by evil spirits; heard conversations in the early morning, etc.D. II:145.

September 10.--Amsterdam: Third letter to Ambassador Preis, at the Hague: presents a copy of the Economy (the second part), and a treatise on the human soul. These were probably in the form of manuscripts.--L. 1896:168.

October.--Leaves Holland for Sweden.

October 25.--In Stockholm: returns to his duties in the College of Mines.--D. I:366, 456.

November 26.--Stockholm. Carl Linnus proposes Swedenborg for membership in the then newly instituted Royal Academy of Sciences of Sweden.--L. 1893:58. This disproves Dr. R. L. Tafels surmise, that Linnus and Swedenborg never came into any personal contact with one another.D. I:616.

[Picture of Linnus]

December 3. -- Stockholm. Swedenborg is unanimously elected a member of the Royal Academy.--L. Ibid.

December 14.--Reads a paper before the Royal Academy On the computation of the Declination of the Magnetic Needle. This was a reply to an attack made by Professor Celsius, of Upsala, on Swedenborgs theory of the subject. A scientific controversy followed, terminating in a triumph for Swedenborg in February, 1741.--D. I:568; II:927.

During this year, probably, Swedenborg writes the following treatises:

Philosophia Universalium Characteristica et Mathematica (A Characteristic and Mathematical
Philosophy of Universals). MS. 5 pp.--D. II:918.

Anatomia omnium partium Cerebri, Cerebelli, Medull oblongat et spinalis; et de morbis capitis (Anatomy of all parts of the two Brains and of the Medullas; and on the diseases of the head). MS. 636 pp.D. II:920.

Introductio ad Psychologiam Rationalem, cujus hc prima pars de Fibra, de Tunica Arachnoidea, et de morbis fibrarum agit (Introduction to a Rational Psychology, the first part of which treats of the Fibre, the Arachnoid Tunic, and the diseases of the Fibres). MS. 366 pp. 4to.--D. II:925. This work was published by Dr. Wilkinson, at London, 1847, as OEconomia Regni Animalis, Transactio III, and the latter portion has been published in English in the New Church Life for 1897, 1898.

PUBLICATION.
Swedenborg: OEconomia Regni Animalis in Transactiones divisa (The Economy of the Animal Kingdom, divided into separate treatises). Part I. Amsterdam. Francois Changuion. 4to pp. 388.D. II:915--A. L.

An English translation of this work, by the Rev. Augustus Clissold, was published in London, 1845, and was reprinted in America in 1868.

From this year dates an anonymous publication, entitled Delucidationes uberiores ardu doctrin de Origine Anim et Malo hreditario, quam Leibnitzius in Theodica primum tradidit. (Additional Elucidations of the difficult doctrine respecting the Origin of the Soul and Hereditary Evil, which was first explained by Leibnitz in his Theodica). Stockholm. 1740. The authorship has been ascribed to Swedenborg, but on uncertain evidence. See D. II:924.

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS.
Death of Frederick William I., of Prussia; he is succeeded by Frederick the Great.

Death of Emperor Charles VI. His daughter, Maria Theresa, succeeds in Austria and Hungary. Treachery of the Continental Powers, which had guaranteed the Pragmatic Sanction. The Austrian succession is claimed by Charles Albert, of Bavaria, and by Augustus III., of Poland and Saxony. Spain claims part of the Austrian dominions. Frederic the Great demands Silesia and invades this Austrian province. Beginning of the War of the Austrian Succession.

Death of the Empress Anne, of Russia. Her infant grand-nephew, Ivan VI., is proclaimed Czar, under the regency of Biron

Death of Clement XII. He is succeeded by pope Benedict XIV.

First performance of Hndels Messiah.

Moravians begin to settle at Bethlehem, in Pennsylvania.

Nadir Shah conquers Bokhara and Khiva.

1741. January-December.--Swedenborg remains the whole year in Stockholm.--D. I:456.

January.--He takes his seat as a member of the Royal Academy of Science.--L. 1893:58.

About this time Swedenborg writes the following works and treatises, some of which have been published since his death:

Introductio ad Psychologiam Rationalem (Introduction to a Rational Psychology; the second part, treating of the doctrine of correspondences and representations.) MS. 9 pp.--D. II:927.

Chavis Hieroglyphica arcanorum naturalium et sppiritualium per via Reprsentationum et Correspondentiarum (An Hieroglyphic Key to natural and spiritual mysteries, by way of representations and correspondences). MS. 48 pp. qto. Published in Latin by Robert Hindmarsh, London, 1784. The first: English translation appeared at London, in 1792.

Concordantia Systematum Trium de Commercio Anim et Corporis (Concordance of the three systems concerning the Intercourse of the Soul and the Body). MS. 44 pp.--D. II:928.

De Sanguine Rubro (On the Red Blood). MS. 24 pp.--D. II:929.

De Spiritu Animali (On the Animal Spirit). MS. 24 pp.--D. II:929.

De Sensatione seu de Corporis Passione (On Sensation, or the Passion of the Body). MS. 11 pp.--D. II:930.

De Origine et Propagatione Anim (On the Origin and Propagation of the Soul). MS. 6 pp.--D. II:930.

De Actione (Concerning Action). MS. 30 pp.D. II:930.

The above five treatises were published in Latin at London, 1846, as Opuscula Philsophica, and were published in English, 1847, as Posthumous Tracts.

Psychologia Rationalis (Rational Psychology). MS. 234 pp. folio.--D. III:931. A Latin edition of this work was published by Dr. Im. Tafel in 1849, as Regnum Animale, pars VII. De Anima. An English translation, by Rev. Frank Sewall, was published at New York, 1887.

During this year occurs the death of Queen Ulrica Eleonora, who is succeeded on the throne by her consort, Frederic I.

Concerning the subsequent state of queen Ulrica Eleonora, in the other life, see S. D., no. 6009.

[Picture of Ulrica Eleonora.]

PUBLICATION.
Swedenborg: OEconomia Regni Animalis (The Economy of the Animal Kingdom). Part II. Amsterdam. Changuion 4to. 194 pp.--D II:915.--A. L.

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS
Alliance between Prussia, Bavaria, and France, against Austria. Victory of Frederick the Great over the Austrians at Mollwitz. England makes an Alliance with Austria. The French and Bavarians invade Bohemia. Prague is taken. Maria Theresa appeals successfully to the Hungarian Diet at Presburg. Frederick the Great makes a secret bargain with Maria Theresa, and abandons his allies.

War is declared between Sweden and Russia. Czar Ivan VI. is deposed. Elizabeth, daughter of Peter the Great, is proclaimed Empress of Russia.

The colony of New Hampshire is definitely separated from Massachusetts.

1742. January-December.--Swedenborg remains in Stockholm the entire year, during which he suffers from illness at various times.D. I:457.

During the year he writes:

Vocum philosophicarum Significatio vel Ontologia (The Signification of philosophical terms, or Ontology). MS. 21 pp. folio.--D. II:934.

An English translation of this little work, by Rev. P. B. Cabell, was published at Philadelphia, 1880.

Anatomia corporis, cujus partes secund et tertie, de membris genitalibus et de organis quinque sensuum agunt (The Anatomy of the human body. Parts II and III, treating of the generative organs, and the organs of the five senses). MS., 269 pp. folio.

This work was published in Latin, by Dr. Im. Tafel, in 1849 An English translation, by Dr. Wilkinson, appeared at London in 1852.D. II:935.

This year closes the period of Swedenborgs natural or scientific preparation for his office as revelator to the New Church.

PUBLICATION.
Swedenborg: OEconomia Regni Animalis. Parts I and II. Amsterdam. Second edition: differs from the first only in the title-page, parts of which are printed in red.--A. L.

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS.
Fall of the Walpole ministry; succession of the Wilmington ministry.

The Elector of Bavaria is crowned Emperor of Germany (Charles VII).

Frederick the Great returns to the allies and renews the war against Austria; he gains the battle of Chotusitz. Treaty of Breslau between Austria and Prussia; Silesia is ceded to Frederick.

The Austrians expel the French from Bohemia, and invade Bavaria.

Blank page.

ANNALS OF THE NEW CHURCH.

PREFATORY NOTE.

In the following chronological account of the history of the New Church we have refrained from dividing this history into any distinct or specifically characterized periods, as such a division can be made with justice only in a somewhat distant future, when a greater perspective shall have been gained.

The year 1743 has been chosen, among a variety of dates, to mark the beginning of the Annals of the New Church, in order to insure the greatest possible inclusiveness, as this year is the earliest date given by Swedenborg in describing his first call to his spiritual mission.

He states of the period now beginning: As the LORD had prepared me from my childhood, He manifested Himself in person before me, His servant, and sent me to do this work [the publication of the Doctrines of the New Church]. This took place in the year 1743, and afterwards He opened the eyes of my spirit, and thus introduced me into the spiritual world.--D. II:387. Compare D. I:9; C. L., I. 419; T. C. R. 157, 779, 851.

There exists no further account of the LORDS personal manifestation to Swedenborg, as occurring during this year, but a second manifestation took place in April, 1744, and a third in April, 1745.

The date of the opening of Swedenborgs spiritual sight has been discussed in D. II:1118 and I. 1874: 24, 178, 268. See also Mr. Richard McCullys articles on Swedenborg in the New Dawn, in I. 1871:23, 68, 110. A full comparative account of Swedenborgs spiritual experiences and mental states during the years 1743-1746 is given in D. II:1082-1118.

1743. January-July.Swedenborg remains in Stockholm; he is ill at various times during these months.D. I:457.

March 26.--He purchases the property on Hornsgatan, in Stockholm, which henceforth becomes his permanent home.M. n. s. xiv:175.

June 14.--He addresses a memorial to the king, asking for two years leave of absence in order to undertake a foreign journey.--L. 1896:767.

June 14.--Letter to the College of Mines, announcing his intention to go abroad.--D. I:458.

June 30.--Royal decree granting the leave of absence.--D. I:461.

July 31.--Swedenborg leaves Stockholm on his fifth foreign journey: travels through Nyköping, Norrkping, Linköping and Jnkping to Ystad, and thence by boat to Germany.

August 6.--Arrives in Stralsund: travels thence to Rostock and Wismar.

August 12.In Hamburg, where he is introduced to Prince Adolphus Frederic of Holstein-Gottorp, the crown prince elect of Sweden: submits to him the manuscript of the Regnum Animale.--D. II:132.

August 18.--Travels through Bremen to Holland.--D. II:133.

September 2.--In Amsterdam, where he remains until November.--D. II:1089.

October (middle).--Probable date of the Lords first manifestation and call to Swedenborg, during a preternatural sleep.D. II:1126.

December 1.--Arrives at The Hague to superintend the publication of the Regnum Animale.--D. II:938, 1089.

December 1.--The opening date of Swedenborgs Book of Dreams. He experiences a change of state as to his former love of honor and love of the sex.--D. II:148.

The Book of Dreams has been translated, in parts, by Dr. R. L. Tafel.D. II:147-219.

During the year occurred the death of Archbishop Eric Benzelius, Swedenborgs brother-in-law, educator and most intimate friend.--D. II:608.

About this time Swedenborg writes A Digest of Swammerdams Biblia Natur.--MS. 79 pp.--D. II:937.

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS.
The Pelham ministry succeeds Wilmingtons administration in Great Britain.

The war between Sweden and Russia is terminated by the treaty of bo.

The war of the Austrian Succession is continued: Austria occupies Bavaria; the English and Hanoverian armies, under George II., defeat the French at Dettingen; Saxony and Sardinia join the Austrian alliance.

Death of Cardinal Fleury.

Birth of Thomas Jefferson.

1744. Swedenborg states of this year: Heaven was opened to me in the year 1744.D. II:257.

I had daily intercourse with angels and departed men from the year 1744.--Div. Wisdom [A. E.] VII, 2. Compare D. II: 404, 1082.

January 20.-Swedenborg still at The Hague.--D. II:1089.

April 6-7.--At Delft, near The Hague. The LORD manifests Himself in person to Swedenborg, and speaks with him. It was a countenance with a holy expression, and such that it cannot be described; it was also smiling, and I really believe that His countenance was such during His life upon earth. He addressed me, and asked if I had a certificate of my health? I answered, O LORD, Thou knowest this better than I, and He said, Then do it. This, as I perceived in my mind, signified, Love Me truly, or, do what thou hast promised. O God, give me grace to do this.--D. II:159.

While at The Hague, Swedenborg publishes his great work, the Regnum Animale.

May 16.--Swedenborg arrives in London: takes lodgings at the house of a Mr. Brockmer.D. II:193, 587.

For a short time he is said to have attended the services of the Moravian Church in Fetter Lane. His private diary shows that he had some inclination towards that sect at this period.--D. II:196, 587.

About this time he is engaged upon a work, entitled, De Sensu communi, ejusque influxu in animam et de hujus reactione (On Sense in general, its influx into the soul, and the reaction of the latter), MS. 200 pp.D. II:941.

Almost the whole of this treatise, which constitutes part of a new projected series of the Animal Kingdom, was published by Dr. Immanuel Tafel as part IV of Regnum Animale, at Tübingen, 1848. It has not yet appeared in English.

July 9.--States that he moved to other lodgings.--D. II:200.

According to one report, Swedenborg changed his lodgings, because two Jews at Mr. Brockmers had stolen his watch.I. 187I:28.

According to another report, invented by Mr. Brockmer and circulated by John Wesley, Swedenborg is said to have left Brockmers house in a fit of insanity. The story has been thoroughly exploded by Robert Hindmarsh and others, but still continues the favorite argument of the Methodists against the Doctrines of the New Church.--D. II:587-612.

During the month he writes a treatise, De Cerebro (On the Brain). MS. 43 pp.--D. II:943.

October 27.--Begins to work on The worship and Love of God.--D. II:588.

He remains in London during the rest of the year.--D. II:1090.

To this year belongs his two small treatises: De Musculis Faciei et Abdominis (On the Muscles of the Face and the Abdomen). MS. 13 pp.--D. II:942.

Experimenta Physica et Optica (Physical and Optical Experiments). MS. 6 pp.--D. II:943.

PUBLICATION.
Swedenborg: Regnum Animale, anatomice, physice et philosophice perlustratum (The Animal Kingdom, considered anatomically, physically and philosophically). The Hague, Adrian Blyvenburg. Part I, pp. 438; Part II, pp. 286, 4to.--D. II:937.--A. L.

[Photo of Swedenborg in 1744.]

There exists a painting of Swedenborg in 1744, representing him in the act of leaving his room for a walk, of which the above is a copy.--D. II:1196.

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS.
First conference and general organization of Wesleys followers in Great Britain. Death of Pope.

The English fleet is defeated before Toulon. Charles III. of Naples is victorious over the Austrians at Velletri. Frederick the Great renews the war against Austria: he invades Bohemia and captures Prague, but is forced to retreat. The French and Spanish defeat the King of Sardinia near Coni.

Beginning of King Georges war in America. Ended by the peace of Aix-la-Chapelle in 1748.

1745. January-July.--Swedenborg remains in London, where he publishes the Worship and Love of God and the third part of the Animal Kingdom.

March 11.--Swedenborgs letter to Ambassador Preis, at The Hague, presenting his latest works.--L. 1896:186.

April 15.--London. Of this date he states: From the middle of April, 1745, I have been in Heaven, while I was at the same time with my friends on earth.--Ad. Vol. I, no. 1003.

About this time occurred Swedenborgs vision, in an inn, of various kinds of reptiles, and of a man who told him eat not so much.--See D. I:35. 69. The correct report of the vision, as given by Swedenborg himself, is found in Ad. Vol. II., nos. 1956, 1957; and S. D. 397. The occurrence has been further discussed in /. 1871: 29; 0. VII. 88.

Soon after this vision the LORD again revealed Himself in person before Swedenborg, commissioning him with the office of revealing the Doctrine of the New Jerusalem.D. I: 36, 39.

From that day I gave up the study of all worldly science and labored in spiritual things, according as the LORD commanded me to write.--D. I:36.

When Heaven was opened to me, I had first to learn the Hebrew language, as well as the correspondences according to which the whole Bible is composed.--D. II:261.

July.--Swedenborg leaves England and returns to Sweden. On his journey, which lasted a whole month, he enjoys uninterrupted spiritual communications.D. II:1119.

August 22.--In Stockholm, present at the College of Mines: be remains here until the end of the year.D. I:462.

He now begins the interior study of the Word of God, receiving, by degrees, more and more light upon its spiritual meaning. The results of his studies are noted in his Commonplace Book (the Adversaria), which consist; of many separate treatises. Of these the following were written in the year 1745:

Historia Creationis a Mose tradita (The History of Creation, as related by Moses). MS. 25 pp.D. II:950

De Messia Venturo in Mundo (On Messiah, about to come in the world, and on the Kingdom of God). MS. 32 pp.--D. II:951.

Explicatio in Verbum Historicum veteris Testamenti (Explanation of the Historical Word of the Old Testament). MS. 3 vols. 169 pp.--D. II:951.

PUBLICATIONS.
Swedenborg: Regnum Animale. Pars III. De Cute, Sensu Tactus, etc. (The Animal Kingdom. Part III. Treating of the Skin, the senses of Touch and Taste, etc.) London: 169 pp. 4to.--D. II:944--A. L.

The whole of this monumental work, the Animal Kingdom, has been translated into English by Dr. J. J. Garth Wilkinson, and was published at London, in two volumes, in 1843 and 1844.

De Cultu et Amore Dei (On the Worship and Love of God). Parts I and II. London: Nourse & Manby, 144 pp. 4to.--D. II:947--A. L.

The first English translation of this work was published at London, in 1801. A third part of the same work, treating of the married life of the first pair, was printed by Swedenborg in proof sheets (9 pp.), and was continued in 19 pp. of MS., but was not published. This part was photo lithographed by Dr. R. L. Tafel, in 1869.D. II:949.

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS.
The last Jacobite rebellion in Great Britain: Scotland rises for the Young-Pretender, Charles Edward, the grandson of James II.; he gains a victory at Prestonpans (September 21), and advances into the interior of England, but is forced to retreat. Death of Sir Robert Walpole and of Jonathan Swift.

Death of Emperor Charles VII. Bavaria makes peace with Austria; the French, under Marshal Saxe, defeat the English, Dutch and Austrians at Fontenoy; Frederick the Great is victorious at Hohenfriedberg and Kesseldorf; the husband of Maria Theresa (Francis Stephen, grand-duke of Tuscany), is elected Emperor of Germany, as Francis I. Austria and Saxony make peace with Prussia at Dresden; the French and Spanish expel the Austrians from Lombardy.

The New England forces, supported by a British fleet, capture Louisburg and the Island of Cape Breton from the French.

Invention of the Leyden jar.

1746 Concerning Swedenborgs spiritual state and experiences during this year, see Richard McCullys articles on Swedenborg in 1746.I. 1871:165, 221.

January-December.--Swedenborg remains in Stockholm the entire year, working in the College of Mines, and writing the following treatises:

Index Biblicus Librorum Historicorum Veteris Testamenti (Biblical Index to the Historical Books of the Old Testament). MS. 581 pp--D. II:954.

Esaias et Jeremias Explicati (Isaiah and Jeremiah explained). MS. 107 pp.--D. II:955.

Annotata in Jeremiam et Threnos (Notes on Jeremiah and the Lamentations.) MS. notes in the margin of Swedenborgs Latin Bible.--D. II:955.

Index Biblicus Esat, et quoque Jeremi et Geneseos quod partem (Biblical Index of (Isaiah, and also a portion of Jeremiah and Genesis). MS.--D. II:956.

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS.
The Young Pretender is victorious at Falkirk, but is overthrown by the Duke of Cumberland at Culloden.

The Austrians occupy Genoa, but are driven out by the populace. The French, under Marshal Saxe, reduce the Austrian Netherlands, and defeat the Austrian allies at Rancoux.

Ferdinand VI. succeeds his father, Philip V., as King of Spain.

Birth of Pestalozzi.

1747. January-June.--Swedenborg remains in Stockholm, attending to his duties in the College of Mines. In the spring, he is unanimously recommended for promotion to the rank of a Councillor of Mines. This elevation, however, he positively declines, lest his heart should be inspired with pride.D. I:7, 464.

February 9.--Date of the closing entry in the Adversaria. At this time he is undergoing fearful assaults from evil spirits, but new light is given to him on the doctrine concerning the LORD.

He now begins to write down his spiritual experiences in the Spiritual Diary, of which nos. 1-148 are missing (from February to July, 1747).

This missing manuscript, of which an index is preserved, is known as Memorabilium, pars prima.--D. II:957.

Some time during the early part of this year occurred Swedenborgs vision of the Temple in Heaven, representing the New Church, above the gate of which were written the words Nunc licet.T. C. R. 508; I. 1871:229.

June 2, Stockholm.-Swedenborgs letter to the king, declining the suggested promotion to a councilorship, and requesting permission to retire from his office, retaining half of his salary.--D. I:464.

June 12.--Royal decree, accepting Swedenborgs resignation from the assessorship, and granting the favor suggested by him. The king in his letter expresses his assurance that the work upon which Swedenborg is now engaged--for the completion of which he feels it necessary to go abroad--will in time contribute to the general use and benefit, no less than the other valuable works written and published by him have contributed to the use and honor of his country. This work, to which Swedenborg had referred in his letter, was the Arcana Coelestia, on which he now had begun to work.--D. I:465.

July 17.--Swedenborg is present, for the last time, at the College of Mines, taking leave of his colleagues.D. I:466.

July 26.--This is the first date occurring in the preserved portion of the Spiritual Diary. This first part is known as Memorabilium, pars secunda, MS. 516 pp.; (the Spiritual Diary, nos. 149-3427).D. II:970. Some time during this month Swedenborg leaves Stockholm, entering upon his sixth foreign journey.Ibid.

August (beginning).--Arrives in Holland.

August 7.On this day he makes the following note in the manuscript of his Index to Isaiah and Jeremiah: There was a change of state in me, into the celestial kingdom, in an image. This would seem to indicate that the celestial degree of his mind had now been opened, and that henceforth he would be able to receive the revelation of the celestial sense of the Word. From this date, therefore, may be counted the end of the period of Swedenborgs preparatory illumination, and the beginning of his full state of inspiration.

During this year he writes the following treatises:

Fragmenta notarum ad Prophetas (Fragments of notes on the Prophets). MS.--D. II:962.

Nomina Virorum, Terrarum, Regnorum, Urbium, in Scriptura Sacra (Index to the spiritual signification of the names of persons, countries, kingdoms, and cities, mentioned in the Sacred Scriptures). This work constitutes part of the Index Biblicus, and was published separately by Dr. R. L. Tafel, in London, 1873.

Index Biblicus Librorum Propheticorum Veteris Testamenti, etc. (Biblical Index to the Prophetical Books of the Old Testament, the Psalms, Job, the Apocalypse, and also to Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy). MS. 636 pp.--D. II:966. This Index is one of the four works which constitute the whole of Index Biblicus.

Index Biblicus Novi Testamenti (Biblical Index to the New Testament). MS., 435 pp.--D. II:969.

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS.
The sect of Shakers or Shaking Quakers is organized in England by James Wardley and Ann Lee. The Original Burghers secede from the established church of Scotland.

The French invade Holland; the Orange party rises and restores the Stadtholdership in the person of William IV. The English defeat the French fleet off Cape Finisterre and Belie Isle Marshal Saxe is victorious over the Duke of Cumberland at Lawfeld.

Empress Elizabeth of Russia sends an army to the support of Maria Theresa.

Brhl becomes prime minister of Saxony.

Murder of Nadir Shah, the Persian conqueror.

1748 January.--Swedenborg still in Amsterdam, [working on the Arcana Coelestia]--D. II:972.

September 1.--Still in Holland brings the MS. of the Arcana Coelestia, Vol. I., to a close. On this day Swedenborg witnesses a general Glorification throughout the spiritual world, on account of THE ADVENT OF THE LORD.--S. D. 3029; L. 1881, Aug.

October.--Swedenborg leaves Holland for England, bringing with him the MS. of the Arcana Coelestia.D. II:972.

October 2.--Date of first entry in Memorabilium, Pars tertia (published by Dr. Im. Tafel as pars secunda of Diarium Spirituale). MS. nos. 3428-4544.D. II:977.

November 23.--Arrives in London.--D. I:386; II:608.

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS.
Death of Isaac Watts, the English poet and theologian.

The war of the Austrian Succession is terminated by the peace of Aix-la-Chapelle (October 18). The conquests made by the various parties during the war are in general mutually restored. Frederick the Great retains Silesia. Parma and Piacenza are given to Don Philip, brother of Ferdinand VI. of Spain.

Publication of Montesquieus Esprit des Lois.

Beginning of the excavations at Pompeii.

The Lutherans in America are first organized by Rev. Henry Mhlenberg.

1749. January-May.Swedenborg remains in London, superintending the publication of the first volume of the Arcana Coelestia.

June (about).--The publication of this volume having been completed and arrangements having been made with Mr. Lewis for the publication of future volumes of the same work, Swedenborg leaves England, spends the summer and autumn in Holland, and the winter at Aix-la-Chapelle.--D. II:608, 973.

August or September.--John Lewis inserts an advertisement of the Arcana Coelestia in some of the London newspapers, public attention being thus, for the first time, drawn to the Doctrines of the New Church.--D. II: 492.

October 15, Dartmouth, England--Mr. Stephen Penny writes to John Lewis, expressing his great pleasure in reading the Arcana Coelestia. This date may be said to mark the beginning of the reception of the Heavenly Doctrines among men on earth. Mr. Pennys letter was published by John Lewis in the London Daidy Advertiser on Christmas day. 1749.--D. II:496-499. See also our biography of Stephen Penny, in L. 1895:73.

Some time during this year, probably, Swedenborg begins to compile (Index Verborum et Rerum in Arcanis Clestibus) (Index to the words, names and things in the Arcana Coelestia). MS. This work was finished in 1756, and was published in London, 1815, by John Augustus Tulk, Esq.--D. II:980.

PUBLICATION.
Swedenborg: Arcana Coelestia, qu in Scriptura Sacra seu Verbo Domini sunt, detecta (Heavenly Mysteries, which are in the Word of the LORD, disclosed). Vol. I. Genesis I-xv.; nos. 1-1885. London. John Lewis. 630 pp. 4to,--D. II:971. See also our bibliography of the whole work, in L. 1893: 171, 188; 1894:13.--A. L.

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS.
Publication of Fieldings Tom Jones, of Buffons Histoire Naturelle, and of John Wesleys Plain account of the people called Methodists.

Lands in the Ohio Valley are granted to the Ohio Company by George II.

Birth of Gaethe, of Mirabeau and of Laplace.

Foundation of Halifax in Nova Scotia.

1750. January-February.--Swedenborg is still at Aix-la-Chapelle.--D. II:224.

February 5.--Publication of the Arcana Coelestia, Vol. II, at London.--D. II:971.

In the spring Swedenborg returns from Germany to Stockholm and remains here the rest of the year. His spiritual experiences during this period are recorded in Part IV of the Spiritual Diary.--D. II:978.

PUBLICATIONS.
Swedenborg: Arcana Coelestia, etc. Vol. II. Genesis xvi-xxi; nos. 1886-2759). London. John Lewis. 4to.--D. II:971.--A. L.

Concurrently with the Latin edition, Mr. Lewis published an English version of the same volume. This publication, which was the first appearance of the Doctrines of the New Church in English, or in any living tongue, appeared in six consecutive numbers, each paged separately. Nos. 1 and 3 have special prefaces. The translation was made by Mr. John Marchant, a literary man in London, at Swedenborgs own expense. Only two copies are now known to exist of this edition.D. II:974; L. 1893:171.S. S. L. and R. L.

[Photo of Emanuel Swedenborg. From the portrait which hung in his bed-chamber, now the property of the Academy of the New Church. The best likeness of Swedenborg. D. 11. 1197.]

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS.
Death of J. Sebastian Bach, the German composer, and of Muratori, the Italian historian.

1751. January-December.--Swedenborg appears to have remained in Stockholm during the entire year, occupied with work on the Arcana Coelestia.

[Photo of Adolphus Frederick]

April 5, Stockholm.--Death of King Frederick I. Concerning his character and lot in the spiritual world see S. D. no. 5799, and Diarium Minus, pp. 47, 70, 73. He is succeeded on the throne of Sweden by Adolphus Frederic, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp.

August 31.--Death of Christopher Polheim.--D. II:978.

PUBLICATION.
Swedenborg: Arcana Coelestia, etc. Vol. III Genesis xxii-xxx; Nos. 2760-4055. London. John Lewis. 643 pp. 4to.A. L.

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS.
The Gregorian calendar, changing the reckoning of time from the Old Style to the New, is introduced in England. Publication of Greys Elegy in a Country Church Yard.

Diderot and DAlembert begin the publication of the Encyclopdie.

The Vatican publishes the Index Expurgatorius.

Death of Johann Bengel, the German theologian.

1752. January-December.--Swedenborg appears to have remained in Stockholm the whole year, working on the Arcana Coelestia, and continuing his Spiritual Diary.--D. II:980.

PUBLICATION.
Swedenborg: Arcana Coelestia, etc. Vol. IV. Genesis xxxi-xl; Nos. 4056-5190. London. John Lewis. 559 pp. 4to.--A. L.

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS.
Count Andrew von Höpken becomes prime minister of Sweden.

The identity of lightning with electricity is fully demonstrated by Benjamin Franklin, at Philadelphia.

1753. Swedenborg seems to have remained in Stockholm during the whole of this year, as also during the four years next following.

PUBLICATION.
Swedenborg: Arcana Coelestia, etc. Vols. V and VI. Genesis xli--Exodus xv; Nos. 5191-8386 London. John Lewis. pp. 534 and 580, 4to--A. L.

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS.
Foundation of the British Museum. Death of Bishop Berkeley.

Kaunitz is appointed Chancellor by Maria Theresa.

A Revolution in Paraguay is attributed to the influence of the Jesuits, who now fall into disfavor at the Court of Portugal.

Organization of the Associate Presbytery of Pennsylvania, subordinate to the Associated Synod of Scotland.

1754. September.--The Gentlemans Magazine, at London, publishes an English version of Swedenborgs letter to Dr. Nordberg, containing the memoirs of his intercourse with King Charles XII.--D. I:558; I. II:259.

PUBLICATIONS.
Swedenborg: Arcana Coelestia, etc. Vol. VIII. Exodus xvi-xxiv; Nos. 8357-9442. London. John Lewis. 521 pp. 4to--A. L.

Prodromus Principiorum Rerum Naturalium. Third edition. Hildburgshausen. J. G. Hanish--D. II:901.

Methodus Nova inveniendi Longitudines. Third edition. Hildburgshausen. Hanish.Ibid.

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS.
Death of Sir Henry Pelham; formation of the Newcastle ministry; publication of Hunles History of England, Vol. I. Death of Fielding.

Death of Christ. von Wolf, at Halle.

Beginning of the French and Indian war in America. Port Duquesne is built by the French at the present site of Pittsburg. Foundation of Kings College (now Columbia) at New York. Congress of the American colonies at Albany; plans of a union are proposed.

1755. November 3, Stockholm.Swedenborg presents a Memorial respecting the liquor traffic to the Houses of the Swedish Diet, proposing to limit the distillation of whiskey, and to raise it in price by farming out the right of distilling. This suggestion was subsequently adopted by the Diet.--D. I:494.

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS.
Great earthquake at Lisbon.

Death of Mosheim, the church historian, and of Montesquieu, the French sociologist.

Birth of Hahnemann, the father of Homopathy.

The British, under Braddock, make an expedition to reduce Fort Duquesne, but are overwhelmed on the banks of the Monogahela. George Washington conducts the retreat. The French colonists of Acadia are dispersed by the British.

PUBLICATION. 
1756. Swedenborg: Arcana Coelestia, etc. Vol. VIII. (The last volume.) Exodus xxv-xxxiv; Nos. 9443-10837. London. John Lewis. 695 pp. 4to.--A. L.

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS.
The Duke of Newcastle resigns from the premiership of Great Britain; William Piet is appointed Secretary of State.

Louisa Ulrica, Queen of Sweden and sister of Frederick the Great, plots to break the power of the Swedish aristocracy; the plot is discovered; Counts Brahe and Horn are executed.

Beginning of the Seven Years war; defensive treaty between England and Prussia;

treaty of alliance between France and Austria against Prussia; Spain, Saxony, Russia and Sweden join the league against Prussia. Frederick the Great invades Saxony, enters Bohemia and defeats the Austrians at Lowositz. The Saxon army surrenders.

The French drive the English out of Minorca.

Publication of Voltaires Essai sur les murs et lesprit des Nations.

Birth of Mozart.

The English in Calcutta are thrown into the Black Hole by Surajah Dowlah, of Bengal.

1757. The Last Judgment upon the old Christian Church commenced in the spiritual world at the beginning of the year 1757, and was fully accomplished by the end of that year.--L. J. 45.

Concerning the state of the Christian world in 1757, see R. McCullys articles in I. 1872:435; 1873:121.

See also the essay on the Historical significance of the contemporary events during the year 1757, by Rev. W. B. Hayden.--M., n. s. x:161, 193, and Historical evidences of the Last Judgment, by the Rev. E. D. Daniels.Ibid. p. 395.

Swedenborg appears to have spent the whole of this memorable year in Stockholm, while witnessing, daily, the cataclysmic occurrences in the spiritual world.

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS.
Execution of Admiral Byng in England; formulation of the Newcastle and Pitt ministry.

Seven Years war continued: the German Empire declares war against Russia. Frederick the Great defeats the Austrians at Prague, but is himself defeated at Kolin. The Russians invade East Prussia. The English, under the Duke of Cumberland, are overwhelmed by the French at Hastembeck. Frederick the Great is victorious at Rossbach over the French and the Imperialists under Soubise. The Austrians, after occupying Silesia, are defeated at Leuthen.

Death of Baumgarten, the forerunner of German Rationalism

Birth of Canova, of Alexander Hamilton, of Lafayette, and of Baron von Stein.

Franklin visits England on a mission for the Pennsylvanians.

The French under Montcalm capture Fort William Henry.

Clive recaptures Calcutta and defeats Sarajah Dowlah at the battle of Plassay in India.

1758. Swedenborg, in the spring, enters upon his seventh foreign journey: he travels from Stockholm to London, where he publishes five theological treaties.

PUBLICATIONS.
Swedenborg: De Clo et ejus Mirabilibus, et de Inferno, ex auditis et visis. (Concerning Heaven and its wonders, and concerning Hell, from things heard and seen.) London. John Lewis. 272 pp. 4to.--A. L.

See our bibliography of this work in L. 1891: 85, 128, 190, 226.

De Equo Albo, de quo in Apocalypsi, Cap. xix, et dein de Verbo et ejus sensu spirituali seu interno, ex Arcanis Coelestibus. (Concerning the White Horse mentioned in the Revelation, Chap. xix, and, further, concerning the Word and its spiritual or internal sense, from the Arcana Coelestia.) London. John Lewis. 28 pp. 4to.--D. II:982.--A. L.

De Nova Hierosolyma et ejus Doctrinia Coelestia: ex auditis et visis. (Concerning the New Jerusalem and its Heavenly Doctrine, from things heard and seen.) London. John Lewis. 156 pp. 4to.--D. II:982.-A. L.

De Telluribus in Mundo nostro Solari, qu vocantur Planet, et de Telluribus in Clo Astrifero; deque illarum Incolis; tum de spiritibus et angelis ibi; ex auditis et visis. (Concerning the Earths in our Solar System, which are called Planets, and concerning the Earths in the starry heavens, their inhabitants, and the spirits and angels there; from things heard and seen.) London. John Lewis. 72 pp. 4to.--D. II:983.--A. L.

De Ultimo Judicio et de Babylonia Destructa; ita quod omnia, qu in Apocalypsi prdicta sunt, hodie impleta sint; ex auditis et visis. (Concerning the Last Judgment and the destroyed Babylon; that all things, foretold in the Revelation, have been fulfilled at this day; from things heard and seen). London. John Lewis. 55 pp. 4to --D. II: 983.--A. L.

Copies of these five works were presented to all the English bishops and to all the Protestant lords in the Parliament.--S. D. 6101; A. R. 716.

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS.
The French are driven out of Hanover and defeated at Crefeld by Ferdinand of Brunswick.

Frederick the Great is victorious over the Russians at Zorndorf, but is defeated by the Austrians at Hochkirchen.

Pope Benedict XIV. forbids the Jesuits to engage in any commercial transactions. The patriarch of Lisbon withdraws all priestly functions from them. An attempt to murder the King of Portugal is attributed to the Jesuits.

Death of Pope Benedict XIV.; he is succeeded by Clement XIII.

The English are defeated by Montcalm at Ticonderoga. Louisburg and Fort Duquesne are captured from the French.

Birth of Lord Nelson and Robespierre.

1759. July 19.--Swedenborg arrives at Gottenburg, from England. Being invited for dinner to the house of Mr. W. Castel, he witnesses there the great conflagration, which on that day devastates the southern part of Stockholm: this at a distance of more than 300 miles; his own house and garden are saved from the fire. The various versions of this occurrence are discussed in D. II:613-632.

[Photo of Andrew von Hopken)

August 21.--Swedenborg returns to Stockholm.--D. II:227. During the winter he takes a very active part in the deliberations of the Swedish Diet, and forms a warm political and personal friendship with Count Andrew von Höpken, then the prime minister of Sweden.--D. I:632; II:991.

December 13.--Swedenborg beholds King Louis XIV., of France in the spiritual world, who, on that day, speaks with his great-grandson, Louis XV., reigning king of France, warning the latter from obeying the papal bull Unigenitus.

As the result of this conversation, the Jesuits are prevented from continuing the persecution against the Jansenists.--See (C. J.) J. 60, I. 1848:25, and M n. s. I:24.

Two of Swedenborgs early essays in the Acta Literaria Sueci are this year translated into English and published in the Literary Memoirs of Germany and the North.--L. 1890:140.

From this year (or thereabout) date the following works by Swedenborg:

Apocalypsis Explicata secundum sensum spiritualem ubi revelantur Arcana, qu ibi prdicta, et hactenus recondita fuerunt (The Apocalypse explained according to its spiritual sense, wherein are revealed the mysteries there foretold, which hitherto have been hidden.) MS. 1992 pp., 4 vols. 4to. See our bibliography of this work in L. 1895:46, 59.

De Athanasii Symbolo. (Concerning the Athanasian Creed). MS. 42 pp., 8vo.D. II:988.

De Domino (Concerning the LORD). MS. 7 pp.--D. II:989.

Summaria Sensus Interni Librorum Propheticorum et Psalmorum Veteris Testamenti. (Summaries of the Internal Sense of the prophetical books and the Psalms of the Old Testament. MS. 125 pp. See our bibliography of this work in L. 1893:26.

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS.
The French are defeated by Ferdinand of Brunswick, at Minden.

Frederick the Great suffers a crushing defeat by the united armies of Russia and Austria at Kunersdorf. The British fleet, under Boscawen, is victorious over the French in the Bay of Lagos. The Prussian army capitulates at Maxen; the allies capture Dresden.

Death of Ferdinand VI. of Spain; his brother, Charles III., ascends the Spanish throne; the son of the latter, Ferdinand IV., becomes king of the two Sicilies.

The Jesuits are expelled from Portugal by King Joseph, guided by his great minister, Pombal.

The British capture Fort Niagara, Ticonderoga and Crown Point; they invade Canada under Wolfe, and besiege Quebec; Wolfe and Montcalm fall in the battle of the Plains of Abraham. Quebec surrenders to the British.

Death of Handel, the German composer.

Birth of Schiller, Robert Burns, Wilberforce and William Pitt, the younger.

1760. Swedenborg remains in Stockholm during the whole of this year; he takes an active part in the Swedish Diet, to which body he presents the following papers:

Memorial in favor of a return to a pure metallic currency.--D. I:496.

Appeal in favor of restoration of a metallic currency.D. I:505.

Additional considerations with respect to the course of exchange.--D. I:504.

Memorial to the king against the exportation of copper.--D. I:507.

Memorial declining to become a member of the Private Commission on Exchange.--D. I:509.

These and others of his political papers are collected into one volume entitled Riksdagskrifter (Papers for the Diet). MS. 100 pp.--D. II:991.

About this time it becomes publicly known that Swedenborg is the author of the Arcana Coelestia and other theological writings, and that he has communication with the spiritual world. Among the many distinguished gentlemen who visit him at this time are Baron Tilas and Count Tessin, both of whom have written accounts of their visits.--D. II:397, 400, 401.

April 10.--Swedenborgs letter to Count Höpken, presenting a copy of Swammerdams Biblia Natur.--D. II:233.

August 7.--Swedenborg receives a letter from Baron von Hatzel, of Rotterdam, who announces his intention of translating all the Writings of the New Church into German and French, at the same time asking for information as to the means of entering into communication with spirits.--D. II:228.

August 11.--Swedenborg replies to Baron von Hatzel through Count Gustav Bonde, warning against intercourse with spirits, and explaining his own exceptional case.--D. II:231.

During this year he writes the following treatises:

De Ultimo Judicio (Concerning the Last Judgment). MS. 100 pp.--D. II:992.

De Mundo Spirituali (Concerning the Spiritual World). MS. 30 pp.--D. II:992.

Concerning Swedenborgs relations with the Lutheran Church at this period, and his partaking of the Sacrament in the Church of St. Mary in Stockholm, see D. I:36.

About this time Mr. William Cookworthy, a celebrated chemist and Quaker of Plymouth, England, becomes acquainted with the Doctrines of the New Church, probably through the instrumentality of Mr. Stephen Penny.--I. 1856:412; D. II:996.

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS.
Death of King George II. of England; his grandson, George III., ascends the throne. Birth of Adam Clarke, the Bible commentator.

Frederick the Great defeats the Austrians at Liegnitz. The Russians occupy Berlin for a few days. Prussian victory at Torgau.

Death of Count Zinzendorf.

The British capture Montreal and complete the conquest of Canada.

1761. Swedenborg remains in Stockholm during the whole year, attending the Diet and writing the following works, which have been published posthumously:

De Scriptura Sacra seu Verbo Domini, ab experientia (On the Sacred Scripture, or the Word of the Lord, from experience). MS. 42 pp.--D. II:993.

De Prceptis Decalogi (On the Precepts of the Ten Commandments). MS. 6 pp.--D. II:994.

Varia de Fide. (Observations on Faith). MS. 5 pp.--D. ibid.

January-February.--Swedenborgs political controversy with the Councillor Nordencrantz in defense of Von Höpken and the Swedish government.--D. I:510-535.

March 1.--Swedenborgs Memorial to the Diet in behalf of the Prime Minister, Count von Höpken--D. I:536.

March or April.--Swedenborgs Memorial to the Diet on the maintenance of the country and the preservation of its freedom.--D. I:538.

April or May.--Probable date of the lost receipt episode.

Swedenborg is instrumental in recovering a lost receipt for Madame de Marteville through communication with her lately deceased husband. The various versions of the story are discussed in D. II:617, 633-646; L. 1890:216.

November.--Probable date of the Queens secret episode. Swedenborg announces to the Queen of Sweden a secret known only to herself and her deceased brother, Prince Augustus William of Prussia. The various versions of the story are discussed in D. II:647, 666.

[Photo of Swedenborg in 1761.]

During this year a portrait of Swedenborg, in oil, was taken by Fred. Eichorn. It was subsequently presented by Swedenborg to the Royal Academy of Sciences, where it is still preserved.--D. II:1196.

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS.
Pitt resigns from the British Ministry. Death of William Law, the English mystic.

Count von Höpken is compelled to resign from premiership of the Swedish government.

Frederick the Great gives battle to the Austrians and Russians at Bunzelwitz. Kolberg surrenders to the Russians.

1762. In the beg-inning of the year Swedenborg leaves Stockholm for Amsterdam on his eighth foreign journey, in order to have the manuscript of The Four Doctrines printed in Holland. He returns to Stockholm in the summer.--D. II:616, 623.

July 17.--While in Amsterdam Swedenborg announces the death of Emperor Peter III of Russia, on the very hour when this event takes place in St. Petersburg, and relates the exact circumstances of the death. His statement is corroborated three days later.D. II:490.

August 25, Stockholm.--Swedenborg writes to Bishop Mennander, of bo, in Finland, presenting a set of the Arcana Coelestia.--L. 1896:186.

During the year Section I of the Regnum Subterraneum, treating of the method of smelting iron in Sweden, is translated into French, and is published in Paris by M. Bouchy.D. II:911.

About this time the prelate F. C. tinger, of Murrhard, in Würtemberg, becomes acquainted with the theological writings of Swedenborg, and partly accepts the Doctrines.--D. II:1027, 1135.

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS.
Lord Bute becomes Prime Minister of Great Britain.

England declares war against Spain. The Spanish invade Portugal. Frederick the Great is victorious at Burkersdorf, and his brother Henry at Freiberg. The English capture Havana. Conference of the Powers at Fontainebleau: England, France, Spain and Portugal sign preliminaries of peace.

Death of the Empress Elizabeth of Russia. She is succeeded by Peter III., of the house of Holstein-Gottorp, who goes over to the side of Frederick the Great. Peter III. is deposed by his wife, Catharine II, who usurps the throne, and causes her husband to be strangled. (July 17.)

Birth of Fichte.

Sweden withdraws from the war against Prussia.

The Parliament of Paris decrees the suppression of the Jesuits as an institution godless, sacrilegious and injurious to Church and State. Publication of Rousseaus Contrat Social.

The Spanish Inquisition falls into royal disfavor.

1743. January 6, Stockholm.--Swedenborg writes a friendly note to Bishop Filenius, who has married the daughter of Eric Benzelius.--D. II:235.

April-June.--Swedenborgs Description of the mode in which slabs are inlaid for tables and ornaments, is published in the Transactions of the Royal Academy of Sciences for these months.--D. I:586; II:997.

June (beginning).--Swedenborg leaves Sweden, his ninth foreign journey, to superintend the publication of six theological works in Amsterdam.

Sometime during this period Swedenborg writes two other treaties, entitled

De Divinio Amore (On the Divine Love). MS. 22 pp.

De Divina Sapientia (On the Divine Wisdom). MS 46 pp.

Both of these works are written, in the manuscript, as if part of the Apocalypse Explained, but are, in substance, quite independent of it.--See D. II:997.

The first public notice of the Writings of the New Church, with Swedenborg named as their author, appears this year in a Swedish work, entitled Anvisning til ett utvaldt Theologisk Bibliotek. (Aid to the selection of a choice theological library), by J. S. Alnander.--D. II:977.

PUBLICATIONS.
Swedenborg: Doctrina Nov Hieroslym de Domino (The Doctrine of the New Jerusalem concerning the LORD). Amsterdam, 64 pp. 4to.--A. L.

Doctrina Nov Hieroslym de Scriptura Sacra (The Doctrine of the New Jerusalem concerning the Sacred Scripture). Amsterdam. 54 pp. 4to.--A. L.

Doctrina Vit pro Nova Hieroslyma (The Doctrine of Life for the New Jerusalem). 36 pp. 4to.A. L.

Doctrina Nov Hieroslym de Fide. (The Doctrine of the New Jerusalem concerning Faith). 23 pp. 4to.--A. L.

These four treatises are described in D. II:994

Contemporary reviews of these treatises appeared in the

Bibliothque des Sciences et des Beaux Arts, October-December, 1763, and the Journal des Savants, (Amsterdam and The Hague), October, 1764. See also Monthly Review, June, 1764, (vol. xxx, p. 573).

Continuatio de Ultimo Judicio: et de Mundo Spirituali (Continuation concerning the Last Judgment, and concerning the Spiritual World). Amsterdam. 28 pp. 4to--D. II:996.--A. L.

Sapientia Angelica de Divino Amore et de Divina Sapientia (Angelic Wisdom concerning the Divine Love and the Divine Wisdom). Amsterdam. 151 pp. 4to.--A. L. See our bibliography of this work.L. 1891:48.

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS
Lord Bute resigns from the British ministry; formation of the Grenville ministry. The government begins its persecutions of John Wilkes.

James Bruce visits Abyssinia and brings hack a copy of the Ethiopic Scriptures.

The Seven Years war is terminated, by the peace of Paris, between England, France, Spain and Portugal, and by the peace of Hubertsburg, between Prussia, Austria and Saxony. England gains Canada, with Nova Scotia and Cape Breton from France, and Florida from Spain. France gives Louisiana to Spain. Minorca is returned to England. France gives Louisiana to Spain. Minorca is restored to England. France recovers her possessions in the West and East Indies. Frederick the Great is finally confirmed in the possession of Silesia. Death of August III., of Poland. England begins to tax the American colonies. (The Sugar Act.)

Outbreaks of Indians in America: Pontiacs War. The Indians unsuccessfully besiege the English fort at Detroit.

1764 While still in Amsterdam, Swedenborg publishes the work on the Divine Providence.

In the spring he makes a journey to England, in order to deliver his late publications to the Royal Society.D. II:623.

July (about)--Swedenborg returns to Stockholm, where his writings had been noticed and ridiculed in the journal Svenske Mercurius.--D. II:705.

August 19.--Stockholm.--Swedenborgs second letter to Bishop Mennander, presenting one of his late publications.--L. 1896:186.

August 28.--Swedenborg receives a visit from the Royal Librarian Gjörwell, to whom he describes the nature of his inspiration.D. II:402.

In the autumn he begins to work upon the Apocalypse Revealed, and writes, also.

Doctrina de Chaitate (The Doctrine of Charity). MS. 49 pp. folio.--D. II:999.

PUBLICATION.
Swedenborg: Sapientia Angelica de Divina Providentia (Angelic Wisdom concerning the Divine Providence). Amsterdam, 214 pp. 4to.--D. II:999--A. L.

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS.
John Wilkes is expelled from the British House of Commons.

The Jesuit order is suppressed in France by Louis XV., guided by Choiseul. Death of Madame de Pompadour.

Stanislaus Poniatowsky is elected King of Poland, through the influence of Catharine II., of Russia.

Beginning of the survey of Masons and Dixons line, determining boundary between Pennsylvania and Maryland. The French begin to settle St. Louis.

Publication of Rousseaus Emile.

Foundation of Brown University, at Providence, Rhode Island, the first Baptist College in America.

1765. January-June (about).--Swedenborg remains in Stockholm.

April 29.--Last date noted in the Spiritual Diary.

June or July. Swedenborg undertakes a tenth foreign journey. On his way abroad he stops for a few days in Gottenburg, where he meets the Rev. Gabriel A. Beyer and the Rev. Johan Rosén, who are made acquainted with the Writings of the New Church, and who, within a short period, become the first receivers of the Heavenly Doctrine in Sweden, probably the first actual Newchurchmen in this world, next to Swedenborg, himself.--D. II:699, 707.

From this time, perhaps, dates the anecdote concerning Swedenborgs revealing the whereabouts of a book, which Dr. Rosén had forgotten, and also concerning the warning which he gave to the manufacturer Bolander about a fire which had broken out in the mills of the latter.--See L. 1884; 45; D. II:724.

September.--Arriving in Amsterdam, Swedenborg begins to publish the Apocalypse Revealed, of which, on October 1st, he sends the first printed sheets to Dr. Beyer, together with a friendly note.--D. II:236. He remains in Amsterdam during the rest of the year.

PUBLICATION.
tinger, F. C.: Swedenborgs und anderer irdische und himmlische Philosophie (The earthly and heavenly Philosophy of Swedenborg, and others). Frankford.--D. II:977, 1027-29.--A. L.

This work, which contains also a German translation of the mirabilia occurring between the chapters in the Arcana Coelestia, marks the first appearance of New Church Doctrine in Germany.

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS.
George III. of England, begins to show symptoms of mental derangement.

The Stamp Act is passed by Parliament and resisted hr the American colonies. Grenville is dismissed; formation of the Rockingham ministry. Publication of Vol. I. of Blackstones Commentaries.

Joseph II. is crowned Emperor of Germany.

The association of Sons of Liberty is formed in the American colonies; the first Colonial Congress is held at New York.

The English East India Company receives large concessions of land from the Mogul Emperor.

1766. January-April.--Swedenborg remains in Amsterdam, where he publishes the Apocalypse Revealed.

About this time he writes, also,

Index Verborum, Nominum et Rerum, in Apocalypsi Revelata (Index of Words, Names and Things in the Apocalypse Revealed). MS. 75 pp. 4to.--D. II:1002.

While still in Holland, he publishes a now edition of his Methodus Nova.

March 4, Wurtemberg.--Oetingers Irdische und himmlische Philosophie, which had been condemned in unmeasured terms by Ernesti, is confiscated as heretical by the government of Würtemberg, and the author is called upon to defend himself. Oetinger delivers a defense before Duke Charles, but the work remains confiscated, and the author is officially reprimanded. This is the first persecution of any one for publishing New Church teachings.--D. II:1029, 1032.

March 18, Gottenburg.--Dr. Beyer writes to Swedenborg, expressing his reception of the Heavenly Doctrines.--D. II:237.

April 8, Amsterdam.--Swedenborgs second letter to Dr. Beyer: sends copies of the Apocalypse Revealed, and speaks of an intended visit to England.--D. II:239.

April 15, Amsterdam.--Third letter to Dr. Beyer: explains the difference between the inspired books of the Word and the writings of the Apostles.--D. II:240.

April, Amsterdam.--Swedenborgs letter to the Swedish Ambassador in Paris: sends twenty copies of the Apocalypse Revealed for distribution to the Cardinal de Rohan and various learned institutions in France.--D. II:242.

April, Amsterdam.--Letter to the Secretary of State in Stockholm: sends seventy copies of the Apocalypse Revealed for distribution in Sweden.--D. II:243.

April (end).--Swedenborg leaves Holland for England.--D. II:240.

May 19, London.--Calls on Lord Morton, the President of the Royal Society, in reference to a premium of 20,000 for the discovery of the correct method of finding the Longitudes, but Swedenborgs method is not accepted by the Committee of the Society.--D. I:591 ; O. IV:22.

May to, Linköping, Sweden.Death of Anna Benzelius, Swedenborgs eldest sister.--D. I:88.

June 22, Gottenburg.--Dr. Johan Rosén's memorandum to the Consistory of Gottenburg: reports a plan for a volume of sermons, to be published by him and Dr. Beyer.--L. 1895:182.

August 22, London.Fourth letter to Dr. Beyer: sends sets of the Arcana Coelestia to Dr. Beyer and Bishop Lamberg.-- D. II:244.

September 1.--Swedenborg leaves London for Sweden; he is said to have foretold the exact date when the ship would arrive in Stockholm.--D. II:532, 560.

September 8.--He arrives in Stockholm.--D. II:250.

September.--The Rev. Nicholas Collins, afterwards pastor of the Swedish Church in Philadelphia, calls upon Swedenborg in Stockholm. His memoirs of the visit are published in D. II:421-424.

September 16, Stockholm.--Swedenborgs letters to his nephew, Bishop C. J. Benzelius, and to the Academy of Sciences, respecting his method of finding the Longitudes.D. I:592 ; O. IV:22.

September 16, Stockholm.--Third letter to Bishop Mennander, formerly of bo, now Archbishop of Upsala; exposes the general falsities of the Theology of the Old Church.D. II:245, 1134.

September 13, Stockholm.--Swedenborgs first letter to the Prelate Oetinger, in reply to a letter of October 13th, 1765: explains the nature of his mission; states that his Writings cannot be called prophecies, but revelations.D. II:248

September 25, Stockholm.Fifth letter to Dr. Beyer: subscribes to Beyers intended publication of sermons; suggests caution, inasmuch as the New Heaven has not yet been fully established; states that he has never read the writings of Jacob Böhme.D. II:250.

October 7, Stuttgart.--Oetingers second letter to Swedenborg: describes the persecutions against him, and offers various objections to certain of the Doctrines of the New Church.D. II:252.

November 11, Stockholm.--Swedenborgs second letter to Oetinger, on theological subjects.D. II:255.

December 4, Stuttgart.--Oetingers third letter to Swedenborg: describes among other things, the recent attack upon Swedenborg by the philosopher Kant.D. II:258.

From this year, probably, date the following works and papers by Swedenborg:

Quinque Memorabilia (Five Memorable Relations). MS. 13 pp.--D. II:1002.

Colloquia cum Angelis (Conversations with Angels). MS. 3 pp.--D. II:1003.

Arcana Sapienti Angelic de Amore Conjugiali (Arcana of Angelic Wisdom concerning Conjugial Love).

This is the probable title of a large work, which Swedenborg is supposed to have written, but of which only two indexes have as yet come to light. The nature of this missing work on Conjugial Love is discussed in L. 1892:25. See also D. II:1003.

Memorabilia de Conjugio (Memorable things respecting Marriage). MS. 19 pp.D. II:1005.

PUBLICATIONS.
Swedenborg: Apocalypsis Revelata, in qua deteguntur arcana, quibi prdicta sunt, et hactenus recondita latuerunt (The Apocalypse Revealed, in which are disclosed the mysteries therein foretold, which have hitherto remained concealed). 629 pp., 4to.--D. II:1000.--A. L.

This work is reviewed at length, but unfavorably, by Dr. J. A. Ernesti, in the Neue Theologische Bibliothek, Leipzig, 1766, n. 5.

Kant. Im: Trume eines Geistersehers, erleutert durch Trume der Metaphysic (Dreams of a spirit-seer, explained by dreams of Metaphysics). Knigsberg.

This work, a satirical attack on Swedenborg, is a shallow pretense, containing mere gossip and falsified dates. Its nature is discussed in D. II:620; N. I:200; I. 1830:61; Mess. 1897, Jan. 6, p. 11; N. C. Review, 1897:257.

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS.
The Colonial Stamp Act is repealed; fall of the Rockingham ministry. Pitt again in power. Birth of Thomas Malthus.

Death of Stanislaus Leszcynski, Duke of Lorraine and ex-king of Poland; Lorraine is united with France.

Publication or Goldsmiths Vicar of Wakefield.

Hydrogen is discovered by Cavendish.

Philip Embury introduces Methodism in America; a class is formed in New York.

1767. January-December.Swedenborg remains in Stockholm the entire year, writing on the subject of conjugial love.--D. II:623.

February, Stockholm.--Swedenborgs letter to Dr. Beyer: states the reasons for his not having read the writings of Böhme and Law; describes the gradual beginning and increase of the New Church: the universities in Christendom are now first being instructed, whence will come new ministers; expresses his pleasure in reading Dr. Beyers new volume of sermons, and gives the spiritual signification of a manger, of shepherds, and of John the Baptist.--D. II:260.

March 22, Lund.--Professor Nils Schenmark writes to Swedenborg, offering certain criticisms on the latters method of finding the Longitudes.---D. I:593.

April (about).--Swedenborgs reply to Professor Schenmark.--D. I:596.

Sometime during this year Swedenborg receives a visit from Christian Johansen, a steel-manufacturer of Eskilstuna, and an earnest receiver of the Heavenly Doctrines. The visit is described in D. II:710, 1246; I. 1870:134.

An anecdote concerning a visit of Bishop Halenius, of Skara, to Swedenborg, in Stockholm, is related in D. I:67; II:723.

PUBLICATIONS.
Beyer, Dr. G. A, (with Dr. J. Rosén and some others): Nya Frsk till uppbygglig, Frklaring fver Evangeliska Sn och Hgtidsdagstexterna (New attempts towards a devotional explanation of the Gospels). Gottenburg.--R. L.

This first exegetical work of the New Church was published by the authority of the Consistory of Gottenburg, where the Heavenly Doctrines at this time had a number of secret admirers. The collection of sermons was used for many rears at the private worship of Newchurchmen in Sweden.--D. II:262, 320; Sundelin, p. 61.

Clemm, H. W. Vollstndige Einleitung in die Religion und Theologie (Complete Introduction to Religion and Theology). Tübingen, 4 vols.

Vol. IV. of this work contains the first published collection of documents concerning Swedenborg.--D. II, Preface p. vi.

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS.
The British Parliament imposes duties on all tea, paper, glass, etc., imported by the American Colonies. Hargreave invents the spinning jenny.

The Jesuits are expelled from Naples; 4,000 Jesuits, during one night, are transported to the Papal States.

Birth of W. von Humboldt, Andrew Jackson, and John Quincy Adams.

1768. January-May.Swedenborg remains in Stockholm.

April, Gottenburg.--Dr. Johan Rosén, in his journal, the Prestetidiningar (Clerical News), defends Swedenborg and the Apocalypse Revealed against Ernestis attacks. This defense causes great excitement in the clerical circles of the diocese of GottenburgSundelin, p. 63; D. II:1001.

About the same time the Rev. Dr. Koempke, of Gottenburg, publishes a disputation On Reprobation, in which he advocates the New Church teachings concerning Justification and Mediation. The paper receives the approval of Bishop Lamberg.Sundelin, p. 64.

According to the doubtful authority of Johan Halldin, a Swedenborgian Society is formed at this time in Gottenburg. Swedenborg himself, and Beyer, Rosén, Halldin, and others, are said to have been members.Ibid.

May (about).--Swedenborg leaves Sweden for Holland, on his eleventh foreign journey. On his way he stops at Elsinr, in Denmark, where he is visited by General Christian Tuxen, who has preserved minute memoirs of the visit and of Swedenborgs personality.D. II:432, 1149.

August 24, Zrich, Switzerland.--First letter of John Caspar Lavater to Swedenborg, asking for information concerning the spiritual condition of a deceased friend. The letter does not appear to have been answered.D. II:264.

September, Gottenburg.--The Rev. P. Aurelius, at a meeting of the clergy, demands that the Consistory should employ the most stringent measures to stop the circulation of Swedenborgs Writings in the diocese, but the Consistory pays no attention to this proposition.Sundelin, p. 66; D. II:284.

During this month, Swedenborg publishes the work on Conjugial Love at Amsterdam.

October 1, Amsterdam.--Seventh letter to Dr. Beyer; presents a copy of Conjugial Love.--D. II:267.

October 12, Gottenburg.--The Rev. A. Kollinius submits a memorial to the Consistory, asking that the clergy be informed whether there be any real evil in Swedenborgs Writings. The Consistory appoints Dr. Beyer to write a report on the subject, in reply to the memorial.--Sundelin, p. 67; D. II:284.

November 4, Amsterdam.--Swedenborg becomes acquainted with John Christian Cuno, a prominent citizen of Amsterdam, who under the pseudonym of David Paulus ab Indagine, has written valuable memoirs of Swedenborg.--D. II:441-485.

November 8, Amsterdam.--Swedenborgs second letter to Oetinger, enclosing a paper on The Natural and Spiritual Sense of the Word.--D. II:268, 1006.

During the year Swedenborg writes the following short papers:

De Justificatione et Bonis Operibus (On Justification and Good Works). MS.

Colloquia cum Calvino (Conversations with Calvin). MS.

Sciagraphia Doctrin Nov Ecclesi (Outlines of the Doctrine of the New Church). MS.--D. II:1006.

PUBLICATIONS.
Swedenborg: Deliti Sapienti de Amore Conjgiali; post quas sequuntur Voluptates Insani de Amore Scortatorio, ab Emanuele Swedenborg, Sueco (The delights of wisdom respecting Conjugial Love, after which follow the pleasures of insanity respecting Scortatory Love, by Emanuel Swedenborg, a Swede). Amsterdam. 328 pp. 4to.--A. L. See our bibliography of this work in L. 1892:25.

This is the first of Swedenborgs theological works, published under his own name. On the last page he acknowledges himself to be the author of the other theological works previously published by him.--D. II:707, 1019.

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS.
The repeated expulsion of John Wilkes from the House of Commons causes riots in England. Pitt retires from the British administration; Grafton at the head of the ministry.

The Confederation of Bar is formed by the Polish patriots to resist the designs of Russia. Turkey declares war against Russia.

The Jesuits are expelled from Spain by order of Charles III.

Genoa cedes Corsica to France.

Ali Bey revolts against the Forte in Egypt.

Cook sails on his first voyage around the world.

1769. January-April.--Swedenborg remains in Amsterdam.

February 15, Gottenburg.--Dr. Beyer presents a favorable and conservative report to the Consistory, on the subject of Swedenborgs Writings.--D. II:286.

March 1, Amsterdam.--Swedenborg, on this date, publishes the Summaria Expositio Doctrin Nov Ecclesi. He writes of this occasion: when the Summaria Expositio was published, the Angelic Heaven, from the East to West, and from the South to the North, appeared crimson, with the most beautiful flowers. By command of the LORD, Swedenborg wrote, on two copies of this work, Hic Liber est Adventus Domini. One of these copies has been found and is now owned by Mr. James Speirs, of London.W. N. C., No. I.

March (beginning), Amsterdam.--Swedenborgs letter to a gentleman in Leyden, presenting a copy of the Brief Exposition.--D. II:272.

March 8, Amsterdam.--Cunos letter to Swedenborg, offering certain objections to the Brief Exposition.--D. II:465.

March 15, Amsterdam.--Eighth letter to Beyer: describes the distribution of the Brief Exposition in Holland and Germany; desires to hear Dean Ekeboms opinion as to the work; foretells the coming of the New Church.--D. II:273.

March 22, Gottenburg.--Dean Ekebom formally attacks the Writings of the New Church in the Consistory; acknowledges that he is not acquainted with them, yet condemns them as corrupting, heretical, injurious, and in the highest degree damnable; suggest that the clergy be officially warned, and that suspected Swedenborgians be pointed out and punished by the Law; proposes that Bishop Lamberg report the case to the House of Clergy at the Diet.D. II:290.

This unexpected denunciation divides the Consistory into two opposing parties. As a compromise, it is resolved to refer the subject to the Diet, and to warn the clergy to be careful in respect to Swedenborgs Writings.Sundelin, p. 69, 70.

March 30, Gottenburg.--Dr. Beyer replies to Ekeboms attack on the Writings; quotes C. L. no. 82, and asks that the subject be referred to the king for decision.D. II:291.

April 5, Gottenburg.--Dr. Rosén presents a paper to the Consistory, expressing his opinions of Swedenborgs Writings favorably, but cautiously.D. II:294.

April 15, Amsterdam.--Swedenborgs ninth letter to Beyer: encloses a reply to Ekeboms charges; speaks of instituting proceedings for libel; announces his intention of visiting Paris.--D. II:296.

April 22, Amsterdam.--Swedenborgs tenth letter to Dr. Beyer, containing an additional reply to Ekebom.D. II:301.

April 23, Amsterdam.Swedenborgs eleventh letter to Dr. Beyer: sends copies of Conjugial Love and Brief Exposition; speaks of the latter as being translated into English in London; intends also to publish an edition in Paris.--D. II:275.

April 26, Gottenburg.--Swedenborgs reply to Ekebom is read in the Consistory.--D. II:297.

April 26.--Swedenborg leaves Amsterdam for Paris.D. II:276.

May, Paris.--He seeks permission to have a work published here, but the censor makes conditions which are not acceptable to Swedenborg. (This work was the Brief Exposition, and not the True Christian Religion, as has been reported incorrectly.)

Meets the Swedish traveler Bjrnstl in Paris; travels thence to London.D. II:700.

The Abb Pernty is said to have met Swedenborg in Paris and to have conversed with him there.--Mess., vol. 47:205.

May 1, Norrkping, Sweden.--Fifty copies of Conjugial Love are confiscated at the custom-house by order of Bishop Filenius.--D. II:306, 313, 1005. The history of the confiscated copies is given in n. II:710.

June-October.Swedenborg in London.

July, London.--The Rev. Thomas Hartley and Mr. William Cookworthy pay a visit to Swedenborg.--D. II:539.

[Photo of William Cookworthy.]

August 2, East Malling, Kent, England.--First letter of Rev. Thos. Hartley to Swedenborg, asking for an autobiography of the latter.--D. I:3.

Aug. 7 (about), London.--Swedenborg replies to Mr. Hartley, giving a short account of his life. This letter, soon afterwards, is published by Mr. Hartley as a separate tract.

August 14, East Malling.-- Second letter of Hartley to Swedenborg, offering his services in the cause or Truth.--D. I:10.

August 29, London.--Visit of the Swedish traveler J. H. Lidén to Swedenborg, who is called the New Jerusalem gentleman by people in London--D. II:703.

While in London, Swedenborg publishes the Intercourse between the Soul and the Body, and an English version of the Summaria Expositio.

During this year he writes also the following short treatises:

Qustiones Novem de Trinitate (Nine questions concerning the Trinity, etc., proposed by Thomas Hartley to Emanuel Swedenborg, with the answers of the latter.) MS. 6 pp. 4to.--D. II:1012.

Canones Nov Ecclesi, seu Integra Theologia Nov Ecclesi (The Canons of the New Church, or the entire Theology of the New Church). MS. 45 pp.D. II:1012; see also our bibliography of this work in L. 1891:164.

Dicta Probantia Veteris et Novi Testimenti, collecta et breviter explicata (Corroborating Passages from the Old and New Testaments, collected and briefly explained). MS. 39 pp.--D. II:1013.

From this time, also, dates the short paper entitled

De Equo et Hieroglyphis (On the Horse [mentioned in the Apocalypse], and on the Hieroglyphics). MS. 2 pp.D. II:1002. Dr. Tafel and others suppose that this paper was addressed to the Swedish Academy of Sciences, but this is doubtful. The history of this paper is given in M. XIII, 566.

August 30.--Swedenborg leaves London for Stockholm.--D. II:703.

September 24, Zurich.--Second letter of Lavater to Swedenborg, requesting information concerning a deceased friend.--D. II:277.

October (beginning).--Swedenborg arrives in Stockholm.--D. II:306.

October 6, Stockholm.--Swedenborg sends a memorial to the House of Clergy, requesting the liberation of the confiscated copies of Conjugial Love.L. 1896:186.

October 23, London.--Dr. H. Messiter, Swedenborgs physician and intimate friend, at his request addresses letters and sends copies of the Writings to the professors of theology at the Universities of Edinburgh, Aberdeen and Glasgow.

The replies from the professors are published in D. II:522-527.

October 30, Stockholm.--Twelfth letter to Dr. Beyer: describes his arrival in Sweden his kind reception by the royal family, the ill-will of Bishop Filenius, etc.--D. II:305.

Dr. Beyer publishes this letter, which occasions great excitement in Gottenburg, and causes some of Swedenborgs more timid friends among the Clergy to desert the cause of the New Church.Sundelin, p. 73.

November 14, Stockholm.--Swedenborgs thirteenth letter to Dr. Beyer: speaks of his spiritual experiences in early youth.--D. II:278.

November 16, Stockholm.--Bishop Lamberg, in a letter to Gottenburg, charges Swedenborg with holding Mohammedan tenets.D. II:311; compare T. C. R. 137.

November 17, Stockholm.--Swedenborgs letter to Count Höpken treats of various theological subjects.--D. II:280.

November 22, Gottenburg.--Dr. Beyer is tried in the Consistory for having printed Swedenborgs letter of October 30th, without due permission.Sundelin, p. 75.

December 3, Stockholm.The Ecclesiastical Committee of the House of Clergy considers the case of Swedenborgianism in Gottenburg, and recommends it to the consideration of the Chancellor of Justice.L. 1893:182.--A. A.

December 4, Stockholm.--Letter of Bishop Lamberg to the Gottenburg Consistory reports the treatment of Swedenborgianism by the Ecclesiastical Committee; states that the scandal caused by the publication of Swedenborgs letter is indescribable charges Swedenborg with Socinianism.D. II:310.

December 5-19, Stockholm.--The case of Dr. Beyer and Swedenborgianism is considered by the House of Clergy.Sundelin, p. 79.

December 9, Gottenburg.--Assessor Aurell, a bitter enemy of Dr. Beyer and the New Church, writes to Bishop Filenius, asking him to take the most energetic measures to stifle, punish, and utterly eradicate the Swedenborgian innovation and downright heresies.--D. II:312.

December 28, Stockholm.--Bishop Filenius reply to Aurell, thanking the latter for his inquisitorial zeal against Swedenborgianism: describes the progress of the trial against Dr. Beyer.--D. II:313.

December 29, Stockholm.-Swedenborgs fourteenth letter to Dr. Beyer: speaks of the present disturbances, and compares them to the fermentation of wine.--D. II:316.

December 29, Stockholm.--The Chancellor of Justice presents a memorial to the king, proposing measures against the propaganda of Swedenborgianism.--D. II:318.

December 30, Upsala.--Memorial of the Consistory of Upsala to the House of Clergy, asking that the theological faculty of Upsala University be requested to investigate and report upon the nature of Swedenborgs heretical Writings.--L. 1895:183.--A. A.

During this session of the Diet Bishop Filenius and other enemies of Swedenborg are said to have planned a stratagem to have him tried for insanity and to confine him in an asylum.--D. I:47.

PUBLICATIONS.
Swedenborg: Summaria Expositio Doctrin Nov Ecclesi, qu per Novam Hierosolymam in Apocalypsi intelligitur, ab Emanuele Swedenborg, Sueco (A Brief Exposition of the Doctrine of the New Church, which is understood by the New Jerusalem in the Apocalypse). Amsterdam. 156 pp. 4to.--D. II:1007.--A. L.

A Brief Exposition of the Doctrine of the New Church. London. 8vo.--A. L.

The first English edition, translated by Mr. Marchant, and published at Swedenborgs own expense.

De Commercio Anim et Corporis (On the Intercourse between the Soul and the Body). London. 4to.--D. II:1009.--A. L.

Ofrgriplige Tanckar om Swenska Myntet (Frank views on the Swedish currency). Second edition. Stockholm.--D. II:906.

Responsum ad Expistolam ab Amico ad me Scriptam (Answer to a Letter written to me by a Friend). London. 3 pp. 4to.--D. I:6, II:1011.--A: L.

Published by the Rev. Thomas Hartley. Vlborne Hr. Assessor Swedenborgs Bref af d. 30 October. (The letter from the wellborn Assessor Swedenborg, dated October 30th). Gottenburg. 4 pp., 4to.--R. L.

Published by Dr. Beyer. A copy of this exceedingly rare publication is preserved in the library of the Academy of the New Church.

Aurell, A. (Assessor): Excerpta Swedenborgianism (Swedenborgian extracts--a collection of extracts from the Writing, maliciously arranged). Gottenburg.--D. II:313, 334.

Handlingar rrande Swedenborgianismen (Extracts from the minutes of the Gottenburg Consistory, containing the Documents relating to the trial of Dr. Beyer.) Gottenburg.--D. II:282.--R. L.

Penny, Stephen: An Incentive to the Love of God, from a view of His Goodness in the Creation and Redemption of Man. Bristol.

A volume of poetry. Letters on the Fall and Restoration of Mankind, addressed to all the serious part of every denomination.Bristol.--B. M. This little book may be considered the very first New Church collateral work in the English tongue.--D. II:1166.

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS.
Publication of the Letters of Junius against the British government.

Watt patents his improvement in the steam engine.

Death of Pope Clement XIII.; he is succeeded by Clement XIV.

Religious disturbances in Poland. Russia invades Moldavia.

Circular letter of Massachusetts to the other colonies.

1770. January-July.--Swedenborg in Stockholm, working on the True Christian Religion.

January 2, Stockholm--Royal resolution calling upon the Gottenburg Consistory to report on the character of Swedenborgs Writings, and on the subjects of the Sermon-Essays of Dr. Beyer, on his theological teachings to the students of the Gottenburg College, and on his publication of Swedenborgs letter of October 30, 1869.D. II:318.

January 14, Stockholm.--The Ecclesiastical Committee of the House of the Clergy recommends that a refutation of Swedenborgs Writings be composed.--L. 1895:183.--A. A.

January 18, Stockholm.--Letter from Swedenborg to the Councillor Wenngren, of Gottenburg: describes the present theological agitation and the slanders circulated against the Heavenly Doctrines.--D. II:321.

January 21, Stockholm.--Letter of the House of the Clergy to the Archbishop and Consistory of Upsala, reporting that measures have been taken for the suppression of Swedenborgianism.L. 1895:183.--A. A.

January 31, Gottenburg.--The Rev. Drs. Beyer, Rosen, Rmpke, and Waldenstrle, all members of the Consistory, refuse to obey the royal resolution commanding them to put their signatures to a paper by which the clergy is warned against the Swedenborgian heresy.Sundelin, p. 83.

February 7, Gottenburg.--Dr. Rosén submits to the Consistory a declaration to the king, expressing his opinions of Swedenborgs writings. The paper is fearless, eloquent, scriptural, laconic, humorous.--D. II:349.

February 12, Gottenburg.--Dean Ekebom sends in a declaration to the king respecting Swedenborgian doctrines in general and Dr. Beyers offenses in particular; repeats his confession of ignorance on the subject, but maintains his former condemnation.--D. II:345.

February 14, Gottenburg.--Dr. Beyer sends in his declaration to the king. This paper is a monumental document: frank, nature, elevated and systematic; the first thorough collateral defense of the Heavenly Doctrines.D. II:323-345.

March 3, Gottenburg.--Letter of Assessor Aurell to the Chancellor of Justice: contains fulsome expressions of gratitude for the measures taken against Dr. Beyer and Dr. Rosén; makes further demands for more rigorous punishment.--L. 1895:183.--A. A.

March 4, Elsinoer, Denmark.--Letter of General Tuxen to Swedenborg, calling attention to Aurells publication of the minutes of the Gottenburg Consistory, etc.D. II:370.

March 24, Stockholm.--Letter of the Chancellor of Justice to Judge Gillerstedt, of Gottenburg, demanding reasons for delay in reporting upon the case of Swedenborgianis.L.1895:183.--A. A.

April 12, Stockholm.--Swedenborgs fifteenth letter to Beyer: gives no credence to the rumor that Beyer and Rosén are to be deposed and banished from the kingdom; speaks of his intention of submitting the whole matter to the king and to the Diet as a whole.--D. II:352.

April 14, Gottenburg.--Letter of Dr. Rosen to a Senator, explaining his reasons for accepting Swedenborgs teachings.--D. II:356.

April 26, Stockholm.--Royal Resolution, addressed to the Consistory of Gottenburg, commanding Bishop Lamberg to reprimand and warn Dr. Beyer and Dr. Rosén. An incomplete translation of this important document is published in D. II:365. A copy of the complete document, in the original tongue, is preserved in the Academy Archives.--L. 1895:183.

April 26, Stockholm.--A second royal resolution, ordering the prohibition and confiscation of all of Swedenborgs theological Writings. Assessor Aurell is forbidden any further publication of the minutes of the Gottenburg Consistory.--D. II:367, Sundelin, p. 66.

April 30, Stockholm.--Swedenborgs sixteenth letter to Dr. Beyer; speaks of his intended journey to Amsterdam, in order to publish the True Christian Religion.--D. II:369.

May 1, Stockholm.--Swedenborgs letter to General Tuxen, giving an account of the disturbances in Gottenburg.--D. II:371.

May 5, GottenburgBeyer and Rosén are reprimanded by the bishop in the presence of the Consistory; they are forbidden to teach on any theological subject in the college, or to make any converts to the Doctrines of the New Church.Sundelin, p. 96.

May 10, Stockholm.--Swedenborgs letter to the king, appealing for justice.--D. II:373.

May 16, Gottenburg.Beyer and Rosén are officially lectured and scolded by bishop Lamberg; they are peremptorily ordered to repudiate the Doctrines of the New Church over their signatures, but both of them refuse to do so.Sundelin, p. 97.

June, London.--The work on The Intercourse between the Soul and the Body, translated by Thomas Hartley, is unfavorably reviewed in the Monthly Review. This is the first public criticism of the Doctrines in England.--D. II:1010.

June, Stockholm.--Swedenborg sends a memorial to the king, protesting against the persecution against the Heavenly Doctrines. A small part of this important document is published in D. II, 373. A copy of the complete original is preserved in the Academy Archives.--L. 1895:183.

June 19, Stockholm.--On this day Swedenborg finishes the work on the first draft of The True Christian Religion. In a memorandum, added to this work (no. 721), he states: After this work was finished, the LORD Called together His twelve disciples, who had followed Him in the world; and the next day He sent them all forth into the universal spiritual world, to preach the Gospel that the LORD GOD JESUS CHRIST reigneth, whose kingdom shall be for ages of ages.... This took place on the nineteenth day of June, in the year 1770.

From this date, therefore, may be counted the actual beginning of the New Church in the spiritual world.

June 20, GottenburgLetter of the Consistory to the king, reporting the refusal of Beyer and Rosén to repudiate the Doctrines of the New Church ; the Consistory recommends that the two doctors be deposed from their office as teachers in the college.Sundelin, p. 98.

July 19, Stockholm.--Swedenborgs letter to Augustus Alströmer, of Gottenburg, giving an account of the Gottenburg trial.D. II:378.

July 23, Stockholm.--Swedenborgs seventeenth letter to Dr. Beyer, announcing his intended journey to Amsterdam, and enclosing a copy of his letter to the Universities.--D. II:379.

July 23, Stockholm.--Swedenborgs letter to the Universities of bo, Lund and Upsala, showing the disorderly method of procedure in the Gottenburg trial, of which he states this trial has been the most important and the most solemn that has been before any council during the last 1700 years, since it concerns the New Church, which is predicted by the LORD in Daniel and in the Apocalypse, and agrees with what the LORD says in Matthew xxiv., 22.--D. II:380.

July (end).--Swedenborg leaves Stockholm on his twelfth and last foreign journey.

August (beginning).--On his way to Amsterdam, via Denmark, Swedenborg stops at Elsinr, where he meets General Tuxen (the second time), and pays a visit to the home of the latter. Swedenborg is reported by Tuxen to have stated that there were, at that time, about fifty receivers of the Heavenly Doctrine in this world.--D. II:440.

September 5, Gottenburg.--Dr. Rosén is deprived of certain official privileges, in consequence of the royal resolution.L. 1895:183.--A.A.

September 7, Gottenburg.--Dr. Rosén, in a supplication to the king, promises not to preach or defend the teachings of Swedenborg.L. Ibid.A. A.

September 10.--Swedenborg in Amsterdam: meets Cuno, who reports that the old gentleman looks more cheerful than at his former visit.--). II:454.

September 26, Gottenburg.--Dr. Rmpke, in a letter to the Consistory, complains of the violent chastisement of his son by the latters teacher, Dr. Rosén.--L. Ibid.--A. A.

September 26, Gottenburg-.--Dr. Rosén's letter to the Consistory, explaining the well-merited punishment of young Rmpke; a very witty protest against the Consistorys unjust treatment of himself versus Dr. Rmpke.--L. Ibid.--A. A.

October 11, Gottenburg.--Bishop Lamberg and the Consistory to the king: they report Dr. Rosén's alleged violence against his pupils, and his impudent behavior towards the Consistory.--L. Ibid.--A. A.

October 19, Gottenburg.--Dr. Rosén to the king: protests against the Consistorys unlawful persecution against him.--L. Ibid.--A. A.

November 15, Stockholm.--Swedenborgs memorial to the king considered by the Council of State; the subject is referred to the personal decision of the king.L. ibid.--A. A.

November 16, Stockholm.--Further consideration of Swedenborgs memorial in the Council of State. The memorial of the Chancellor of Justice (of December 29th, 1769) is approved.L. Ibid.--A. A.

From this year dates the paper by Swedenborg, entitled Adversaria in Veram Christianam Religioem (Materials for the True Christian Religion). MS. 23 pp.--D. II:1020.

PUBLICATIONS.
Swedenborg, Em.: A Theosophic Lucubration on the Nature of Influx. Translated by the Rev. Thomas Hartley, with a preface by the same. London. First English edition, 4to.--D. II:500, 1010.--B. L.

The Doctrine of Life for the New Jerusalem. Translated by Mr. William Cookworthy, of Plymouth. First English edition. Plymouth. 4to.B. L.

The date is incorrectly given as 1763 in D. II:996. See also Report of the Swedenborg Society of 1863, p. 15.

Von den Erdkrpern der Planeten und des gestirnten Himmels Einwohnern (Earths in the Universe). First German edition; translated by a nephew of tinger. Mentioned in T. M., vol. II:p. 101.

[Anonymous]: Tankar och Roliga Berttelser i anledning af Herr Assessor Swedenborgs Samtal och Umgnge med Andarne (Thoughts and amusing anecdotes on the subject of Assessor Swedenborgs conversations and intercourse with the spirits). Stockholm. Carlbohm. 16 pp.--R. L.

tinger, F. C.: Schreiben von einer angeblichen Vermittlung des Streites zwischen dem Gottenburger Consistorium und den beiden Verfechtern der Swedenborgischen Lehren

(A letter proposing a possible compromise in the controversy between the Consistory of Gottenburg and the two defenders of the Swedenborgian Doctrines). Stuttgart. T. M., vol. II: p. 101.

A German translation of the documents relating to the Gottenburg trial is said to have been published in Hamburg, under the auspices of Swedenborg himself.--D. II:323, 346, 372.

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS
Beginning of Lord Norths administration in Great Britain. Death of George Whitefield, the founder of the Calvinistic branch of the Methodist Church. Publication of the first edition of Encyclopedia Britannica.

Christian VII., of Denmark, dismisses his minister, Bernstorff. Struense succeeds in power.

The Turkish fleet is burned at Tchesme by the Russian fleet under Orloff and Elphinstone. The Russians defeat the Tartar Khan of Crimea, and storm Bender.

The Boston massacre--March 5th.

Death of Count Carl G. Tessin, the Swedish statesman.

Birth of Thorwaldsen, Wordsworth, Hegel, Canning and Beethoven.

1771. January 26, Amsterdam.--Cuno describes Swedenborg as working in a superhuman manner on the publication of the True Christian Religion.--D. II:482.

February 11, Stockholm.--Death of Adolphus Frederic, king of Sweden. He is succeeded on the throne by his son, Gustavus III. Swedenborg, in Amsterdam, as reported by Cuno, speaks with the late king in the spiritual world a short time after his decease.--D. II:454.

March 6, Gottenburg.--Bishop Lamberg, in a letter to the Chancellor of Justice, reports Beyers and Rosén's delay in handing in explanations of their relations to Swedenborgs teachings.L. 1895: p. 183.--A. A.

March 14, Gottenburg.--Dr. Beyers memorial to the king, protesting against further persecution by the Consistory.--L. Ibid.A. A.

April 11, Gottenburg.--Dr. Beyer is peremptorily forbidden to teach the Greek of the New Testament in the College.--L. Ibid.A. A.

April 27, Gottenburg.--Report of the Consistory to the king respecting the non-effect of the royal decree upon Beyer and Rosén; the doctors had not recanted one iota, but had defended the Doctrines of the New Church in private publications (Beyers Schedismata and Rosén's Aphorisms.)Sundelin, p. 100.

April 30, Amsterdam.--Swedenborgs eighteenth letter to Dr. Beyer: states that he intends to enter a formal complaint against the Gottenburg Consistory at the next Diet; the True Christian Religion is to leave the press about the end of June. After the appearance of this book, the LORD will operate both mediately and immediately towards the establishment, throughout the whole of Christendom, of the New Church based upon this Theology. The New Heaven, out of which the New Jerusalem will descend, will soon be completed.--D. II:383.

May 14, Stockholm.-The case of Beyer and Rosén is considered by the Council of State, and referred to the Court of Appeals in Jnkping: the doctors are now to be treated according to the civil law, (although they had not yet been convicted of heresy by an ecclesiastical court).--L. Ibid.--A. A.

May 14, Stockholm.--Royal resolution, referring the case to the Court of Appeals in Jnkping and commanding the Consistory and theological faculty of Upsala University to report on the heterodoxy of Beyers volume of sermonsSundelin, p. 10-4.

June 1, Jnkping.--The Court of Appeals declares that the Swedenborgian doctrines need no further examination, since the king, in former letters, had declared them heretical, (although the king was no legally recognized authority on such subjects.)Sundelin, p. 100.

June 15, Gottenburg.Letter of Dr. Beyer to the prelate Oetinger: mentions that Dr. Rosén has removed to Stockholm.D. II:1053, 382.

June (end), Amsterdam.--Swedenborg publishes the Vera Christiana Religio.

July 2, Amsterdam.--Swedenborgs nineteenth and last letter to Dr. Beyer: speaks of the prohibition against the Writings in Sweden, and of his intended complaints to the Diet;

mentions his published Pro Memoria against Dr. Ernesti, which is to be circulated in Germany--D. II:384; further documents relating to this Pro Memoria were discovered in Holland by the Rev. E. J. E. Schreck, and published in L. 1890:214.

July 13, Amsterdam.--Swedenborgs letter to the Landgrave of Hesesse-Darmstadt.--D. II:388.

August 10, Gottenburg and Stockholm.Beyer and Rosén send memorials to the Court of Appeals, showing that this body has no authority in their case.Sundelin, pp. 101-105.

August 29, The Hague.--Swedenborg dines with Mr. A. Vosmer, at The Hague.--L. 1890:218.

August.Swedenborgs letter to Venator.--D. II:390.

September.--Swedenborg arrives in London and takes lodgings with Mr. Richard Shearsmith, at 26 Coldbath Fields.--D. II:577.

While in London he occasionally visits the Swedish Church, and afterwards takes dinner with Pastor Ferelius, but his visits are not frequent, as he can find no peace in the Church.--Carlsons History of the Swedish Church in London, p. 170.

December, London.--A short time before Christmas Swedenborg is attacked by a stroke of paralysis, which deprives him of speech and causes him to lie in a lethargic state for about three weeks.--D. II:577.

December 11-17, Skara, Sweden.--The Rev. Sven Schmidt is tried by the consistory of Skara on the charge of preaching Swedenborgian tenets; he defends the Doctrines courageously, but is temporarily suspended from office, and put under the care of a physician as being mentally unbalanced.Sundelin, pp. 139, 140. See, also, our historical sketch of this case, and of the New Church in the diocese of Skara, in Mess. vol. 58:187.

During the year Swedenborg writes the following works:

Historia Ecclesiastica Nov Ecclesi (an Ecclesiastical History of the New Church). MS. I p.--D. II:1020, 756. This short but important paper was photo-lithographed in 1869.

A Latin transcript, with an English translation, is published in W. N. C. I:57.

Coronis seu Appendix ad Veram Christianam Religionem (The Coronis, or Appendix to the True Christian Religion).--D. II:1021. This manuscript was published by Aug. Nordenskjld, at London, 1780.

Summarium Coronidis ad Veram Christianam Religionem (A Summary of the Coronis to the True Christian Religion). MS. 5 pp. folio.--D. II:1020. The first English translation of this Summary was published at London, in 1807.

De Consummatione Sculi, de Adventu Secundo Domini, et de Nova Ecclesia; quibus adjecta est Invitatio ad totum Christianum Orbem ad illam Ecclesiam (Concerning the Consummation of the Age, the Second Advent of the LORD, and the New Church; to which is added an Invitation, addressed to the whole Christian World, to that Church). MS. 15 pp.--D. II:1023. This was published by Prof. Im. Tafel as Part VII, Appendix I, of the Diarium Spirituale.

This is the last work written or projected by Swedenborg during his life in this world.

PUBLICATIONS.
Swedenborg: Vera Christiana Religio continens Universam Theologiam Nov Ecclesi, ab Emanuele Swedenborg, Domini Jesu Christi servo (The True Christian Religion, containing the Whole Theology of the New Church).--Amsterdam, 541, pp. 4to.--D. II:1014 See also our bibliography of this work in L. 1893:105. Concerning the history of Swedenborgs own copy of this work, now preserved in the Academy Archives, and the list of presents which he had received in the spiritual world, see L. 1891:84.

[Pro Memoria, replying to Dr. Ernestis attack on the Apocalypsis Revelata]. A fly-leaf printed by Swedenborg for private circulation. See D. I:58; L. 1890:214.--A. L.

Von den Erdkrpern oder Planeten, etc. (Earths in the Universe). Second German edition. Frankfurt and Leipzig. 228 pp. 8vo.--D. II:983, and T. M., Vol., I, p. 101.--B. L.

Ofrgripliga Tankar om Myntets upphjande och nedsttande (Thoughts on the Rise and Fall in the value of Swedish Currency). Upsala, J. Edman. 68pp. Third edition. First edition published in 1722. COPY in Upsala University Library; mentioned in N. C. A. 1643, p. 116.

(Anonymous): Tankar och Roliga Berttelser, etc. Gottenburg. to Im. Smith. 16 pp. Second edition. R. L.

Boyer, G. A.: Schedismata. Gottenburg.Sundelin, p. 100.

Cuno, J. C.: DoctissimoEmanuel Swedenborg, S. D. D. Joannes Chr. Cuno, mercator Amstelodamiensis (A letter Swedenborg by Cuno). Hamburg.D. II:465 A. L.

Summlung Einiger Nachrichten Herrn Emanuel Swedenborg. (A collection of documents respecting Swedenborg). Hamburg.--D. II:452. A. L.

tinger, F. C.: Beurtheilung der Lehre von dem Zustand nach dem Tod, und der damit verbundenen Lehren des berhmten Em. Swedenborgs (An examination of the Doctrine concerning the state after death, and of the related Doctrines of the famous Em. Swedenborg).

On the second title page, this work is called Schwedische Urkunden von dem Assessor Swedenborg, welche auf dem Schwed, Reichstag, den 13 ten Juni, 1771, werden zur Entscheidung kommen (Swedish documents respecting Assessor Swedenborg, which are to be acted upon by the Swedish Diet, on June 19th, 1771).--See T. M. II: p.101; D. II:1036, 1041; Sundelin, p. 91. A copy of this extremely rare publication is owned by Rev. Frank Sewall, of Washington.

Rosén, Johan: Aphorismer (Aphorisms concerning the Doctrines of the New Church). Gottenburg-mentioned by Dr. Achatius Kahl, in his work, Den Nya Kyrkan och des Inflytande, 3 p. 26

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS.

The Russians, under Dolgoruki, occupy Crimea.

Francis Asbury, Wesleys missionary to America, lands in Philadelphia.

Insurrection of the Regulators in North Carolina; battle of Alamance.

Birth of Walter Scott.

Death of Thomas Gray, the poet, and of Smollett, the English novelist and historian.

1772. January, London.About three weeks after Christmas Swedenborg recovers somewhat from his paralytic stroke and takes some sustenance. From that time to the time of his death he was visited by but a very few friends only, and always seemed unwilling to see company.--D. II:577.

[Photo of Rev. A. Ferelius.]

February, London. --The Rev. Arvid Ferelius, pastor of the Swedish Church in London, visits Swedenborg, who states that for ten days and nights he had been tormented by evil spirits of the worst kind, but that now he was again in company with good spirits--D. II:558.

Another account of these last spiritual infestations of Swedenborg is given by Christopher Springer in D. II:576.

February, East Malling, Kent.--Letters from Rev. Thomas Hartley to Richard Shearsmith, asking for information concerning Swedenborgs health.N. C. M., 1885:387.

February, London.--Swedenborg writes a short note to John Wesley, inviting the latter to pay him a visit, as he had been informed in the spiritual world of Wesleys strong desire for an interview.D. II:565.

About a month before his death Swedenborg foretells the exact date on which he would die, and expresses great delight at the prospect.--D. II:578, 546, 549.

March (beginning)--London.--Two or three weeks before his death Swedenborg is visited by Mr. Springer.--D. II:530.

March--A short time before his death Swedenborg expresses a willingness to receive the Sacrament.

Mr. Bergström, a Swede, present at the time, suggests that the Rev. Aaron Mathesius, the new pastor of the Swedish Church, be sent for, but Swedenborg declines the offer, Mathesius being a bitter enemy to the New Church. The Rev. A. Ferelius is then suggested and accepted.D. II:538, 576.

Mathesius afterwards circulated a story that Swedenborg had been insane while in London, in 1744; the slanderer himself became insane in 1783.--D. I:701.

March 25th about.-The Rev. Arvid Ferelius visits Swedenborg and administers the Sacrament to him. The occasion is described in D. II:538, 558, 563, 578. On a question by the minister as to the veracity of the Writings, Swedenborg solemnly asseverates that he has not written anything from himself but the truth from God.D. II:563.

Swedenborg afterwards presents a set of the Arcana Coelestia to Ferelius, who becomes a receiver of the Heavenly Doctrines. The set is now in the Royal Library in Copenhagen.D. I:704.

March 29, Sunday, London.--Swedenborg expires at five oclock in the afternoon. His last moments are described in D. II:549, 560-63, 578; N. C. M., 1855:378.

April 5, London.--Swedenborgs body is buried in the vault of the Swedish Church.--D. II:557, 543.

The disposal of his personal effects is described in D. II:549; I. 1870:134, 139; 1880: 95.

An interesting article on Swedenborgs home in the spiritual world is found in M., n. s. X:634.

May 13, Skara.--The Rev. Sven Schmidt, now declared restored in health, asks the Consistory to restore him to his office, but is refused, as he would not recede from the Doctrines of the New Church.Sundelin, p. 140.

May 19, London.--Thomas Hartley and Mr. Harrison discuss the Doctrines of the New Church at the printing office of James Phillips.--N. C. M. 1891:132.

June 17, Jnkping.--The Court of Appeals, on the remonstrances of Beyer and Rosén, decides to let the case rest until the consistory of Upsala shall have expressed itself on the quality of Swedenborgs Writings.Sundelin, p. 106.

October 7, Stockholm.--Sir Samuel Sandels, councillor of the College of Mines, reads his famous eulogy over Swedenborg, in the House of Nobles, in the name of the Royal Academy of Sciences.

October 27, Stockholm.--Swedenborgs heirs deliver his manuscripts to the safe keeping of the Academy of Sciences.--R. S. S., 1842, P. 17.

November 28, Stockholm.--Public sale of Swedenborgs library.L. 1853:183.

During the year the True Christian Religion receives an unfavorable review in the London Monthly Review.--D. II:1017.

Mr. Richard Houghton, of Liverpool, receives the Doctrines about this time. He corresponds with Thomas Hartley, and introduces the Doctrines to the Rev. John Clowes, of Manchester.--Comptons Life of Clowes, p. 16.

PUBLICATIONS.
Swedenborg: Emanuel Swedenborgs Traktat von der Verbindung der Seele mit dem Krper (Intercourse between the Soul and the Body). Jena. First German edition.D. II:1011; T. M. vol. II:102.

Vom Neuen Jerusalem und dessen Himmlischen Lehre (The New Jerusalem and its Heavenly Doctrines). First German edition; translator and place of publication unknown; copy in Royal Library of Copenhagen.--D. II:982; T. M. II, p. 101.

Benzelstjerna, C.: Catalog fver alla Swedenborgs efterlemnade Manuscripter (Catalogue of all the Manuscripts of Swedenborg which have been delivered to the Academy of Sciences). Stockholm.I. 1836:22.--A. L.

[Cuno, J. C.]: Sammlung etlicher Briefe Herrn Em. Swedenborgs, betreffend einige Nachrichten vom Seinem Leben und Schriften (A collection of some letters of Em. Swedenborg, containing information concerning his Life and Writings). Hamburg, 32 pp. L. 1891:46.--A. L.

A Danish edition of the same pamphlet was published at Copenhagen in the same year.--A. L.

tinger, F. C.: Hchstwichitger Unterricht von Hohenpriesterthum Christi, zur richtigen Beurtheilung der Herrn von Swedenborg (Highly important consideration of the High-priesthood of Christ, for a correct judgment of the relations of Swedenborg). Frankfurt and Leipzig.D. II:1054; T. M. II, p. 101.

Sandels, Samuel: minnelsetal fver framledne Herr Emanuel Swedenborg (Eulogium over the late member of the Academy of Sciences, the well-born Em. Swedenborg). Stockholm, 60 pp.A. L.

A French Translation, by Abb Pernety, appeared at Berlin in 1772, and an English edition at London, 1799.

[Tuxen, Christian]: fver framledne Herr Assessrn, vlborne Emanuel Swedenborg, som dog i London, d. 29 de Martii, 1772. (Poetical epitaph over the late well-born Assessor Swedenborg, who died in London, March 29th, 1772). Stockholm, 4 pp. An English translation is given in D. II:1157.--A. L.

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS.
Lord Mansfield, in the case of the Negro Somerset, decides that a slave cannot be lawfully held in England. Birth of Samuel Taylor Coleridge, the English pantheist and docetistic philosopher and writer. (1834.)

First partition of Poland, between Catharine II. of Russia, Maria Theresa of Austria, and Frederick the Great of Prussia.

Birth of Friedrich Novalis, the German poet and philosopher. (1801.)

Gustavus III., of Sweden, by a coup detat, restores many of the royal prerogatives.

Execution of Struense, the Danish prime-minister.

Committees of Correspondence are formed in the American colonies. Institution of the Watanga Association, out of which grew the State of Tennessee.

1771. Great Britain, Manchester, April or May.--The Rev. John Clowes, a clergyman of the Church of England, receives the Doctrines of the New Church His attention is drawn to the Writings through a remarkable vision of the words Divinum Humanum.--I. 1831:457; N. C. M. 1883:55, 57; L. 1897:184.

Sweden. Swedenborgs house and garden in Stockholm are sold at public auction; they are bought by his nephew, Bishop Lars Benzelstjerna--M. n. s. xiv: 175.

A minute and interesting description of Swedenborgs home in Stockholm is published in I. 1867:70.

Skara, June 9.--The Rev. Sven Schmidt is restored to his office by the Consistory.Sundelin, p. 141.

Gottenburg, June 16.--The Consistory reports to the Chancellor of Justice that Dr. Beyer still persists in maintaining Swedenborgs doctrines.L. 1895:183; Sundelin, p. 109.--A. A.

Stockholm, September 6.--Death of the Rev. Johan Rosén, aged 47 years--D. I:655; II:385.

During the year Sir Augustus Nordenskjld, an eminent chemist and mining engineer, receives the Heavenly Doctrines; he is instrumental in converting his brother, Charles Frederic, and other prominent persons in Stockholm.--D. I:620, 639.

PUBLICATION.

Hartley, Rev. Thomas: The Cause of the Petitioners examined. (A religio-political pamphlet, presenting the New Church Doctrine concerning the Trinity; mentioned in N. C. M. 1891:134).

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS.
Pope Clement XIV. abolishes the Jesuit order for the sake of the peace of the Church, July 21st.

Beginning of the revolutionary movement in America: the Boston Tea Party, Dec. 16th.

Dr. Mesmer, in Germany, begins to practice with animal magnetism in the treatment of sick persons.

1774. Sweden. Gottenburg. March 27.--Bishop Lamberg and the Consistory, in a report to the King, review the whole case against Dr. Beyer, who still persists in his refusal to recant the doctrines of Swedenborg.--L. 1895:183.--A. A.

April 27.--Dr. Beyer, in an appeal to the King, asks for permission to resume the teaching of Theology in the College.--L. Ibid.--A. A.

May 27.--Bishop Lamberg to the Court of Appeals, speaks against Dr. Beyers recent appeal to the King.--L. Ibid.--A. A.

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS.
The first Continental Congress meets in Philadelphia. The first session is opened with prayer by the Rev. Jacob Duche, an Episcopal clergyman, who afterwards received the Heavenly Doctrines.M. 34:273; The Medium, Detroit, 1851:106.

Organization of the Reformed Presbyterian Church in Pennsylvania.

The Shakers settle in America.

Dr. Priestley, the discoverer of oxygen, organizes the Unitarians in England.

Death of Pope Clement XIV.

Louis XVI. ascends the throne of France.

1775. Germany.--Johann Rmelsbacher, a publisher at Stuttgart, receives the Heavenly Doctrines.

Sweden. Gottenburg.--Bishop Lamberg informs the Consistory that Dr. Beyer has been detected in leading Swedenborgian conventicles in the city, and is lecturing privately on theological subjects.Sundelin, p. 110.

Skara.--The Consistory, at a general meeting of the clergy, gives public warning against the Swedenborgian heresy, for the benefit of many younger ministers, who are understood to favor the writings of Swedenborg.Sundelin, p. 145.

PUBLICATIONS.
Swedenborg: Vom Himmel and von der Hlle (On Heaven and Hell). First German edition; translated by Herr Cude; place of publication unknown. The edition contains a Preface giving information of the famous life and writings of the author.--Doc. II:981; T. M. II:102.

[Anonymous]: Frnuftiga Tankar uti Samtal om Spkelser fversatte af Swedenborgs Antagonist (Rational thoughts in conversations about Ghosts, translated by Swedenborgs Antagonist). Stockholm. A. J. Nordstrm. 8 pp.--R. L.

A mass of foolishness.

Hartley, Rev. Thomas: Gods Controversy with the Nations; addressed to the Rulers and Peoples of London. M. Lewis. 91 pp. 8vo. S. S. L.

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS.
Outbreak of the American Revolution.

Election of Pope Plus VI.

The Jesuit general, Ricci, dies in prison at Rome.

Birth of Friedrich Wilhelm von Schelling, the German philosopher (1854).

Birth of Lyman Beecher, the eminent American clergyman (Presbyterian), father of Henry Ward Beecher (1863).

1776. Great Britain. London. March 2.--Letter from the traveler Björnstahl to C. J. Benzelius, giving an account of the disposal of Swedenborgs effects after his death.I. 1870:136.

Sweden. Gottenburg. March 23.--Letter from Dr. Beyer to C. F. Nordenskjld: states his intention of translating several of the Writings into Swedish; the writer is now working upon a general Index to all the Writings; suggests the copying of all the M. S. S. now in Stockholm, and the collecting of anecdotes respecting Swedenborg; relates Swedenborgs statement concerning the personal appearance of the LORD to him.--D. II:425.

Jnkping, June 18.--Memorial of the Court of Appeals to the King: explains the causes of delay in deciding the case of Dr. Beyer; recommends a negative reply to Dr. Beyers petition for permission to teach on theological subjects.L. 1895:183--A A.

Skara. September--Rev. Sven Schmidt, on account of his Swedenborgianism, is again suspended from the clerical office; he is put in prison, where he remains until the spring of 1778.Sundelin, p. 142.

Stockholm. November 2.--Royal resolution, commanding that the trial against Dr. Beyer be allowed to rest, since the Theological Faculty of Upsala had not yet expressed itself as to the orthodoxy of Swedenborgs writings.L. Ibid.--A. A.

PUBLICATIONS.
Swedenborg: Verbindung der Seele mit dem Korper (Intercourse of the Soul with the body). Frankfurt and Leipzig.

Second German edition. A third edition was published the same year at Jena.--D. II:1011.

Emanuel von Swedenborgs Auserlesene Schriften (Selections from Swedenborgs Writings). Five volumes. Frankfurt. Published by Daniel Christian Hechtel, Councillor of Commerce.--T. M. II:103.

tinger, C. F.: Biblisches und Emblematisches Wrterbuch, dem Tellerischen entgegengesetzt (A biblical and emblematic dictionary, as contrasted with an earthly lexicon). Frankfurt.

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS.
Declaration of the Independence of the United States of America.

Birth of Barthold, Niebuhr, the historian, Gottlieb Bretschneider, the German Rationalist, and Johann von Grres, the Catholic theologian.

Death of David Hume, the father of Agnosticism.

Foundation of the mystical order of Illumiuati, at Ingolstadt.

1777. Great Britain. London.--The Rev. Jacob Duch formerly of Philadelphia, now in exile in London, receives the Heavenly Doctrines about this time.M. 34:276.

[Photo of Rev. Jacob Duch]

Sweden. Skara.Bishop Forsshenius warns the clergy of his diocese against the Swedenborgian tenets, which are spreading in the neighborhood.Sundelin, p. 147.

September 18.--Bishop Forsshenius to the Chancellor of Justice: expresses his alarm at the Swedenborgian propaganda in his diocese; he has forbidden the publication of a work in tended to refute Swedenborgianism, lest greater attention be drawn to the heresy.--L. 1895:183.--A. A.

Stockholm. September.--The Chancellor of Justice to Forsshenius: considers Swedenborgianism too contemptible for refutation.L. Ibid.A. A.

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS.
Washington is victorious at Princeton, but is defeated at Brandywine; Philadelphia in the hand of the British; American victory at Saratoga; Washington at Valley Forge.

Necker is appointed Minister of Finance to Louis XVI.

Lessing publishes the Wolfenbttel Fragments.

1778 Great Britain. London. Jan. 24.--Henry Peckitt, a New Churchman in London, visits Richard Shearsmith and collects information from him regarding Swedenborgs personality.--D. II:542.

Benedict Chastanier, a French surgeon and New Churchman resident in London, meets the Rev. Thomas Hartley, who gives his personal testimony as to Swedenborgs last years.--See Isaac Hawkins Life of Swedenborg, London 1813, and N. C. M. 1890:528.

Whitefield, near Manchester.--A New Church Society--the first in the world--begins to be formed here through the influence of Rev. John Clowes.--See A. 1799:317. Historicals respecting this society in I. 1871:160.

Sweden. Jnkping. September 3.--The Court of Appeals to the King: reports inability to decide in the case against Dr. Beyer without the judgment of the theological faculty of Upsala; recommends that Dr. Beyer be left in peace, and that the whole trial be considered closed.--I. 1895:183; Sundelin, p. 112.--A. A.

Skara. May 19.--Bishop Forsshenius, in a letter to the clerical society Pro Fie et Christianismo, complains of the Swedenborgian propaganda in his diocese; some of Swedenborgs writings have been translated into Swedish in Gottenburg, and MS copies are being secretly circulated.Sundelin, p. 148.

August 18.--Rev. Sven Schmidt is permanently suspended from the priesthood, on account of his faith in the Heavenly Doctrines.Sundelin, p. 143.

Stockholm. September 14.--The Council of State confirms the recommendation of the Court of Appeals in regard to the trial against Dr. Beyer. The trial is thus finally closed.L. 1895:183.A. A.

For a connected historical sketch of the whole trial, see our articles on The Early History of the New Church in Sweden.Mess. vol. 58: pp. 43, 59.

PUBLICATIONS.
Swedenborg: Concerning Heaven and Hell. London. James Phillips. 1 vol. 4to.

First English edition, translated by the Rev. Thomas Hartley and Mr. William Cookworthy, and published at the expense of the latter.--D. II:981.A. L.

[Anonymous]: Emanuel Swedenborgs demthiges Danksagungs-Schreiben. (Swedenborgs humble letter of thanks to the great man who has demonstrated the non-existence of the Devil). Leipzig. 40 pp.A. L.

A mass of nonsense.

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS.
First appearance of Wesleys journal, The Arminian Magazine.

Death of Voltaire, Rousseau and Linnus.

France recognizes the independence of the United States, and declares war against England.

Beginning of the War of the Bararian Succession between Austria and Prussia.

The Hawaiian Islands are re-discovered by Cook.

1779. Great Britain, London.--Peter Provo, a surgeon and New Churchman in London, visits the son of Swedenborgs printer, and collects testimony from him respecting Swedenborgs personality.N. C. M. 1885:377.

Sweden. Gottenburg.--Death of Dr. Gabriel A. Beyer, a few days after he had finished his great in Index to Swedenborgs Writings.--D. I:626.

Norrkping.--A Society of New Churchmen, with Charles B. Wadström at the head, is organized here for the purpose of agitating against the African slave-trade.

This great movement thus has its origin in the New Church.--N. J. M. 1790, p. 70.

Skara.--Sven Schmidt is again accused of making proselytes for the New Church; he is declared insane, and is confined in the insane asylum in Skara, where he remains until his death in 1805.Sundelin, p. 143; Mess. vol. 58, p. 59.

Stockholm, February 16.--The Council of State, a short time before Dr. Beyers death, declares him free to resume the teaching of Theology.--L. 1895:183.A. A.

Mysticism begins to come into favor at the Court of Gustavus III. through the influence of the poet J. G. Halldin, who mingled the Doctrines of the New Church with various forms of Spiritism. At his recommendation, clergymen with Swedenborgian leanings are called to officiate at the Court Chapel.Sundelin, p. 197.

PUBLICATIONS.
[Anonymous]: Swedenborg, Samtale med Anaderne. (Swedenborg. Conversations with Spirits). Copenhagen. Mentioned in the Preface to the Danish edition of the Doctrine of the Lord, Copenhagen, 1859.

Beyer, The Rev. G. A.: Index Initialis in Opera Swedenborgii Theologica. (Initial Index to Swedenborgs Theological Works). Amsterdam. Sellschop and Huart. 4to. 910 pp.

This great work was begun in 1766.D. I:626.--A. L.

Kort Begrepp af Kristnas Sanna Lra och Dyrkan (A brief exposition of the True Doctrine and Worship of Christians). Copenhagen. This Catechism, the first in the New Church, was published soon after Dr. Beyers death, at the expense of Baron Mannerfeldt.Kahl 3:15.

Knos, Rev. A. O.: Catechetiska Frelsningar. (Catechetical lectures). Upsala. 1000 pp.

The author, then Professor of Theology at Upsala, afterwards Archdean of Skara, and a leader of the Swedenborgian clergy in that diocese, here attacks the Old Church Doctrine of the Trinity.Sundelin, p. 152.--A. L.

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS.
First general organization of the Universalists in America, (at Gloucester, Mass).

The war of American Independence continues, with varying fortunes.

Spain declares war against England. Gibraltar is blockaded by the French and Spanish.

Close of the war of the Bavarian succession.

1780- Great Britain, London.--Augustus Nordenskjld visits London, where he meets Dr. Messiter, and receives from him the preserved portion of the manuscript of the Coronis. He at once puts this work to the press.--D. I:639, 640.

Plymouth. October 17.--Death of William Cookworthy. See the biographies of this early New Churchman, by Theodore Compton, London, 1895; by John Clowes.I. 1825:445; by C. Th. Odhner.--L. 1895:86, 90, and D. II:1172.

Russia.--A high official at Moscow, M. Djunkovskoy, with his two sons, receives the Doctrines of the New Church.--I. 1862:239.

Sweden. Gottenburg.--Death of Bishop Eric Lamberg, the persecutor of the New Church. He is the person referred to in T. C. R. 137.L. 1891:54; D. II:1133.

[Photo of Gustavus III.]

Stockholm.--The Rev. Olof Fredell proclaims the New Church Doctrine of the Atonement before the king, Gustavus III, and the whole court. The Archbishop intends to call Fredell to account, but the latter is protected by high patrons, and is promoted in the Church.Sundelin, p. 197.

Augustus Nordenskjld, on his return from England, by command of the king establishes an alchemistic laboratory near Stockholm.--D. I:639, 640; Sundelin, p. 204.

Strngns.--The Rev. Johan Tybeck, a Lutheran clergyman, receives the Heavenly Doctrines.--D. II:1277.

PUBLICATIONS.
Swedenborg: Coronis, sen Appendix ad Veram Christianam Religionem. London. 4to. 53 pp.

First Latin edition, published at the expense of Augustus Nordenskjld.--D. II:1021.

[Anonymous]: Adskillige Curiense Anmrkninger om den bekjendte lrde Emanuel Swedenborg (Some curious observations on the famous learned Em. Swedenborg; extracted from his various writings). Copenhagen.--C. L.

Emanuel Swedenborgs Epilogue zu den letzten Act der Treuffeleien des Magister Kindleben. (Swedenborgs Epilogue to the last act of the deviltries of Master Kindleben). Stockholm. 48 pp.

A copy of this foolish pamphlet is preserved in the Forbes Collection in New York.

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS.
Organization of the Free-Will Baptist church in America, by Benjamin Randall, at New Durham, N. H.

Outbreak of the Gordon No popery riots in London.

Death of Maria Theresa. Her son, Joseph II., undertakes extensive reforms in the Austrian States.

England declares War against Holland.

Birth of William E. Channing, the leader of the Unitarians in America.

Birth of Sir William Hamilton, the Scottish Philosopher, and of Thomas Chalmer, the organizer of the Free Church of Scotland.

1781. Great Britain.--John Wesley, in the Arminian Magazine, publishes his slanderous story respecting Swedenborgs alleged insanity.D. II:582.

Mr. James Glen, a Scotchman settled at Demerara, receives the Heavenly Doctrines while on a journey to London.--O. V:171; R. P., p. 17.

Bolton.--A few persons here begin to hold meetings to read the True Christian Religion, they receive visits from Mr. Clowes. Historicals respecting the New Church in Bolton, in A. I:131; R. P., p. 162; N. C. A., 1844:94.

[Photo of Augustus Nordenskjld.]

Whitefield.--The New Church circle here is increasing in numbers; regular Sunday evening meetings are held until 1789.--A. I:318.

Sweden, Stockholm.Augustus Nordenskjld begins to arrange and bind Swedenborgs MSS. In the Academy of Sciences.D. I:639.

PUBLICATIONS.
Swedenborg: The True Christian Religion. London. Phillips. 2 vols. 4to 472 pp.

First English Edition, translated by the Rev. John Clowes; with a preface containing a letter from the Rev. Thomas Hartley.--D. II:1019.--A. L.

Knos, Rev. A. O.: Embetsbetnkande. (Official report on Swedenborgs Writings, and other subjects). Skara.Sundelin, p. 154.

Mller, Rev. Johan: Behrigt svar (A necessary reply to unnecessary and unfounded observations.)

An attack on Dr. Knös and Swedenborg.Sundelin, p. 154.

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS.
Victories of the American revolutionists. Surrender of Cornwallis--Oct. 19.

The war of England against Spain and Holland continues.

Joseph II. proclaims toleration for the Protestants in Austria-Hungary; he forbids the publication of papal bulls affecting politics in Germany, without imperial sanction; German bishops are declared independent of the pope; the people are permitted to read the Scriptures; images are removed from the churches; pilgrimages and processions are forbidden; monks are reduced in numbers; the pope vainly protests against these reforms.

Publication of Kants Kritik der reinen Vernunft.

Death of Lessing, and of Dr. Johann Ernesti, the adversary of Swedenborg.

Discovery of the planet Uranus, by Herschel.

1782. France. Letter of the Marquis de Thom, a pronounced New Churchman of Paris, to C. F. Nordenskjld; he criticizes Abb Pernetys translations of the Writings.D. I:637; I. 1870:139.

Germany. February 10.--Death of F. C. tinger, Bishop of Murrhard, in Würtemberg (born 1702).--D. II:1136.

Berlin.--The Abb Pernety, Librarian to Frederic III., begins to publish the Writings in French. He corresponds with C. F. Nordenskjld.

Herr Theodore Mllensiefen, of Westphalia, receives the Heavenly Doctrines.--I. 1863:566.

Great Britain. London.--Benedict Chastanier begins to publish French editions of the Writings in London.

January.--Robert Hindmarsh receives the Heavenly Doctrines.--R. P., pp. 10, 11.

Manchester.--Beginning of the Manchester Printing Society. A few gentlemen, mostly members of Mr. Clowes congregation, gather around the latter, to assist him in the publication of the Writings. Historicals regarding the beginning of this movement.D. 1857:341; R. P., p. 7; Mess. vol. 47:150.

Sweden. Skara.--Death of Dr. Paul Konrad Wahlfeldt, the principal of the college in Skara, and the chief leader of the friends of the New Church in the province of West-Gothland.Sundelin, p. 124.

Stockholm. March.--Carl Robsahm, bank treasurer, and an intimate friend of Swedenborg, writes down his Memoirs of Swedenborg, at the solicitation of C. F. Nordenskjld.--D. I:48.

PUBLICATIONS.
Swedenborg: De la Nouvelle Jrusalem et de sa Doctrine Celeste. London. 211 pp.

First French edition, translated and published by Benedict Chastanier; dedicated to the King of France.--D. II:1177.--A. L.

Les Merveilles du Ciel et de lInfer. (The Wonders of Heaven and Hell). Berlin. 2 vols. 386 pp.

First French edition, translated and published by the Abb Pernety. A very untrustworthy translation.--D.

Berlin. Published as appendix to the foregoing volume. First French edition, translated and published by Abb Pernety.

Knos, Rev. A. O.: Ndige Pminnelser (Necessary reminders in relation to J. Mailers Behrigt Svar). Upsala.Sundelin, p. 154.

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS.
End of the American War of Independence. The British evacuate Savannah and Charleston. Organization of the Associate Reformed Church (Presbyterian) in America. Fall of the North Ministry in Great Britain. Eliot resists the French and Spanish bombardment of Gibraltar.

Grattan and his followers secure the independence of the Irish parliament.

Inquisition, torture, and death penalty are abolished in Tuscany by Leopold I.

Birth of Felicite Lammenais, the French Theologian and Philosopher, who, in 1836, Prophesied the advent of a New Christianity.

1783 France. The Marquis de Thom is said to have instituted a Masonic Swedenborg Lodge in Paris, about this time.--Mess. vol. 28:237.

Great Britain. London. January.--Robert Hindmarsh, Peter Prove, William Bonington and John Augustus Tulk begin to meet at the house of Mr. Hindmarsh, in Clerkenwell Close, for the purpose of studying the Writings of the New Church.--R. P., p. 14.

August.--John Wesley, in the Arminian Magazine (vol. IV., p. 437), repeats his false reports about Swedenborgs insanity. The slander was first refuted by Mr. Robert Beatson in 1791.I. 1821:521; D. II:585, 1216.

[Photo of Robert Hindmarsh.]

December 5.--Robert Hindmarsh and his associates, after issuing a call for a public meeting of all the friends and readers of the Writings in London, meet together at the London Coffee House, on Ludgate Hill, but immediately adjourn to the Queens Arms Tavern. Mr. William Spence, a surgeon, is added to their number. This is the first public meeting ever held by New Churchmen in this world.--R. P. pp., 14, 15.

During the following week a room is engaged at the Inner Temple, near Fleet street, and an advertisement is inserted in the daily papers, inviting the readers of Swedenborg to attend the proposed meetings in this place.--R. P., p. 17.

A second meeting is held on December 12th, when, beside the former, there are present Mr. James Glen, of Demerara, Mr. Henry Peckitt and the Rev. Joshua Gilpin, of London.--R. P. ibid.

After meeting a few times at the Inner Temple, the circle takes up permanent quarters at the New Court, Middle Temple, where a society is organized, styled The Theosophical Society, instituted for the purpose of promoting the Heavenly Doctrines of the New Jerusalem, by translating, printing and publishing the Theological Writings of the Hon. Emanuel Swedenborg. New members are rapidly added to the society.--R. P., p. 23; N. C. M. 1883:148.

Among these new members is Benedict Chastanier, who had previously inserted an advertisement in the London newspapers, inviting the readers of the Writings to meet at his house, No. 62 Tottenham Court Road.--D. II:1177.

About this time C. F. Nordenskjld, of Stockholm, arrives in London, bringing with him some of Swedenborgs MSS. He connects himself with the Theosophical Society, and has reported many interesting particulars respecting the beginning of the New Church in London.M. 33:545.

Radcliff, Lancashire.--A society for the study of the Writings is formed here during the year.--R. P. p., 200.

Stockport. --The Doctrines are introduced here by Mr. Richard Gill.--G. H., p. 99.

Russia.--A society of readers of the Writings is formed at Moscow by two young men. They soon experience persecution from the government, and but little is heard of the subsequent fate of the movement.--R. P., p. 35; N. J. M. 1790:177.

PUBLICATIONS.
Swedenborg: The Arcana Coelestia or Heavenly Mysteries, which are in the Word of the Lord, Disclosed. Vol. I. London. 556 pp. 8vo.

First English edition, translated by the Rev. John Clowes, who also translated all the subsequent volumes of this edition; published by a society of gentlemen (the Manchester Printing Society). The edition contains a preface by the translator, and a portrait of Swedenborg. Some copies of this volume bear 1784 as the year of publication. The methodical work of the translator is described in I. 1857:339A. L.

[Fredell, Rev. P. O.]: Oneiromantien, eller Konsten att tyda Drmmar (Oneiromancy, or the Art of Interpreting Dreams). Stockholm. 290 pp., 8vo.--R. L.

This pseudo-New Church, mystico-Cabbalistic work has long but erroneously been ascribed to the pen of C. F. Nordenskjld. It has been described in detail in Mess. 1897. January, and Sundelin pp. 192, 21o.

Mller, Rev. J.: Behrig Granskning (Due Examination of the latest work by Dr. Knös). Stockholm.

A further step in the controversy between Mller and Knös on the subjects of imputation and justification by faith alone.Sundelin, p. 154.

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS.
The Peace of Versailles, between England and United States, France and Spain--Sept. 3d.

New York is evacuated by the British.

Pitt, the younger, becomes Prime Minister of Great Britain.

The pope loses his sovereign rights over the kingdom of Naples.

Death of DAlembert, the encyclopedist.

1784. America. June-James Glen, on his return to proclaim the Gospel of the Second Advent. He lands first in Philadelphia, where, on June 5th, he delivers a lecture on the Science of Correspondences, etc., at Bells book store, on Third street. Among his hearers, the following become interested and subsequently embrace the Heavenly Doctrines: Francis Bailey, John Young, Myers Fisher and Mr. James Vickroy, of Johnstown, Pa.--N. I:71; M. 44:289.

July.Mr. Glen, on June 11th and 12th, delivers two more lectures on the Doctrines of the New Church, at the same place, and then travels to Boston, Mass., where he lectures in the Green Dragon Tavern. Among his hearers, Mr. Joseph Roby, a bookseller, and Major Joseph Hiller, of Salem, Mass., received the Doctrines. Finding no further encouragement, Mr. Glen returns to Demerara.M. 30:391; Mess. vol. 47:130; N. III:230; L. 1895:105, 120; Report of the Semi-Centennial Celebration of the Boston Society, p. 10.

These lectures constitute the first public proclamation of the Heavenly Doctrines, by the living voice, in America or anywhere else in the world.

October (?).--Soon after Mr. Glens departure a box of New Church books, addressed to him by Robert Hindmarsh, arrives in Philadelphia. The whereabouts of Mr. Glen being unknown, the books are sold at public auction, and the Writings of the New Church are thus introduced in America.

After a short time some of the readers of these Writings in Philadelphia begin to meet at the house of Francis Bailey to converse on the Doctrines. Several other converts are now made, among these Miss Hetty Barclay, who soon afterwards introduces the Writings in Bedford, Pa.--N. I:71; III:230.

Great Britain. East Malling, Kent. December 10th.--Death of the Rev. Thomas Hartley, at the age of 77 years.--A. II:351; R. P., p. 21; O. I:177; I. 1850:209, 400; D. I:599. See, also, our biography in L. 1895:135, 151, 159.

London. January 15.--The Theosophical Society issues an address to the Christian world at large, but especially to the clergy, calling attention to the Doctrines of the New Church and to the objects of the Society.--R. P., p. 24.

Meetings of the Society are held every Thursday evening and, later on, also on Sunday evenings.--R. P., p. 25.

February 11.Letter from the Rev. Thomas Hartley to Peter Provo, expressing good wishes for the Societys objects.--N. C. M. 1885:389.

Whitefield, Lancashire. September.--A New Church Sunday-school--the first ever established--is instituted here.--A. I:318; I. 1871:160.

Sweden. Gottenburg.--Death of Dean Olof A. Ekebom, the leader in the persecution against Dr. Beyer and Dr. Rosén.--D. II:1133.

Stockholm.--Nordenskj1d and Halldin begin to publish a weekly evening paper, called Aftonbladet, in which they openly announce the Doctrines of the New Church. The Lutheran clergy, at the strong recommendation of influential persons at the Court, at first favor the journal, but become very angry when a translation of the Doctrine of Charity begins to appear in the columns.Sundelin, p. 209.

PUBLICATIONS.
Swedenborg: Arcana Coelestia, vol. II. London. R. Hindmarsh. 570 pp. First English edition.---A. L.

A Theosophic Treatise on the Nature of Influx. London. Hindmarsh. 44 pp. 8vo.

Second English edition, with a preface containing a translation of Sandels Eulogium and other biographical documents respecting Swedenborg.--A. L.

Clavis Hieroglyphica arcanorum naturalium et spiritualium (Hieroglyphic Key to the arcana of natural and spiritual things). London. Hindmarsh. 4to.

First Latin edition, edited and published by R. Hindmarsh, at his own expense, from a copy of the original MS., taken to England by C. F. Nordenskjld.--A. L.

De Wahre Christliche Religion (The True Christian Religion). Altenburg. 3 vols., 8vo.

First German edition, translated by Mr. Cude.--L. 1891:85.--A. L.

On Heaven and Hell. London. Hindmarsh. 4to.

Second English edition, reprinted from edition of 1778; published by the Theosophical Society.--A. L.

On the New Jerusalem and its Heavenly Doctrine. London. Hindmarsh.

First English edition, translated by Peter Provo and R. Hindmarsh, and published at the expense of the Manchester Printing Society.--R. P. Appendix. D. II:982.

Summaria Expositio Sensus Interni Librorum Propheticorum et Psalmorum Davidis (A Summary Exposition of the Internal Sense of the Prophets and Psalms). London. 103 pp. 4to.

First Latin edition, edited and published by R. Hindmarsh, at his own expense, from a copy of the original MS., taken to London by C. F. Nordenskjld.--L.1893: 26.--A. L.

The Doctrine of the New Jerusalem Concerning the Lord. London. Hindmarsh. 92 pp. 8vo.

First English edition, translated by Peter Provo and published by the Theosophical Society.--D. II:995.--A. L.

Trait Curieux des Charms de lAmour Conjugal (A Curious Treatise on the Delights of Conjugal Love). Berlin. 206 pp., small 8vo.

A fragmentary and faulty translation of selected passages from Conjugial Love, by M. de Brumore, with a dedicatory preface, addressed to Prince Henry of Prussia.--L. 1892:26; N. C. i~ 1890; 534--A. L.

Vom Himmel und von der Hlle (On Heaven and Hell). Altenburg. 8vo.

Second German edition.--T. M. II:103.A. L.

[Anonymous]: The Scripture Doctrine of the Trinity, Vindicated According to the Principles of the Illuminated Emanuel Swedenborg. Occasioned by a sermon of the Rev. Cornelius Bayley, of St. James, Manchester, in which the Heavenly Doctrines are attached.

Mentioned in R. P., p. 136

[Nordenskjld, Augustus]: Aftonbladet (The Evening News). Stockholm.--R. L.

A weekly journal, the first Swedenborgian periodical ever published. Owing to clerical opposition, it is suspended after eight months.--Sundelin, p. 209; Mess.1896. December.

Sandels, Samuel: An Eulogium on the lately deceased Emanuel Swedenborg. London. Hindmarsh. 47 pp.

First English edition. translated from the faulty French version of Abb Pernety.--B. L.

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS.
Organization of the Methodist Episcopal Church in America. Wesley consecrates Rev. Thomas Coke, who, in the same year, consecrates the Rev. Francis Asbury the first bishop of the American Methodist Episcopal Church.

The Sunday School movement is first set on foot by Robert Raikes.

Death of Samuel Johnson and of Diderot.

1785. America. Lancaster, Pa.--The Heavenly Doctrines are introduced here by Mr. William Reichenbach, from Saxony.--Mess. vol. 34, p. 70. Historicals respecting the rise of the New Church in Lancaster.N. II:40-47.

Nova Scotia.--A New Church Circle is formed at Halifax, under the leadership of Dr. Joseph Russell.--M. 44:280.

France. Paris.--A small circle of New Churchmen in this city is active in translating and publishing the Writings in French.

Mot, Royal Librarian at Versailles, is said to have been offered 30,000 livres for his MS translations of the Writings, by Gustavus III., of Sweden. M. Perault is another able French translator.--R. P., p. 181.

August 4.--The Marquis de Thom, in a letter to the Journal Encyclopedique, calls attention to Swedenborgs theory of the magnet, and to his scientific and philosophical merits in general.I. II:191; M. 12:311; 29:296.

Jean Frdric Oberlin, the celebrated pastor and philanthropist at Ban de la Roche, receives the doctrines about this time.M. 13:266.

Great Britain, Eccles, Lancashire.A circle of readers is formed here. The history of the society, until 1812, is published in I. I:92; M. K. I:461.

London.--The receivers of the Doctrines generally attend the services of the Rev. Jacob Duche, at the Asylum, in St. Georges Field, and meet often at his house for social intercourse, on Sunday evenings.--R. P.: 40.

Messrs. Peckitt, Spence, Hindmarsh, Adams, and Chastanier begin to edit and publish a Latin edition of the Apocalypsis Explicata, from the original MS., which had been brought from Sweden by C. F. Noordenkjld. While Vol. I. is being printed, the MS. is most wonderfully preserved from destruction in the fire which consumed Mr. Peckitts house and library.--R. P., 32.

August 22.--Extraordinary meeting of the Theosophical Society. The name of the Society is changed to The British Society for the Propagation of the Doctrines of the New Church; foreign members are admitted, among these Mr. William Gomm, and M. Pierre F. Gosse, a publisher at The Hague. The Marquis de Thom is present at the meeting.Gosses Portfeuille dun Ancien Typographe, p. 2.

September.--Letter from a Swedish traveler, describing the new society: Dr. Peckitt is president, Mr. J. J. Prichard, secretary, and Mr. Thomas Wright, treasurer; each member pays an annual fee of 6.--Uppfostrings Sllskapets Allmnna Tidningar, 1787, p. 212.

November 24--Robert Hindmarsh visits Richard Shearsmith and obtains from him an affidavit regarding Swedenborgs last hours, totally refuting the false report referred to by Mr. Gomm.--R. P.: 37.

Death of Dr. Henry Messiter, Swedenborgs physician and friend.--D. I:601; II:535.

Death of the Rev. John Fletcher, the celebrated philanthropist and vicar of Madeley, in Shropshire.--R. P.: 66. He had introduced the Heavenly Doctrines to Mr. Joseph Salmon, who, together with Mr. Ralph Mather, at this time begins to preach the doctrines in the open air in London, Salisbury, Bristol, and other places.--R. P.: 65; L. 1896:154.

Worseley.--The doctrines introduced here by Mr. Thomas Berry.--G. H.:102.

Holland. The Hague. October 14.--Letter to Hindmarsh from Mr. William Gomm, Secretary of the British Embassy, inquiring into the truth of a report that Swedenborg, a short time before his death, had retracted all that he had written.--R. P., p. 36; M; K. II:296; L. 1890:217.

Sweden.--Letter from Christian Johansen, of Eskilstuna, to Swedenborgs nephew, Bishop C. J. Benzelius, giving an account of the final fate of the confiscated copies of Conjugial Love.--D. II:710.

PUBLICATIONS.
Swedenborg: Apocalypsis Explicata secundum sensum spiritualem ubi revelantur Arcana qu ibi prdicta et hactenus recondita fuerunt (The Apocalypse explained, according to the spiritual sense, in which are revealed the Arcana, which there are foretold, and hitherto have been hidden). Vol. I. London. R. Hindmarsh. 4to.

First Latin edition, published at the expense of Mr. Henry Peckitt.--A. L.

A Summary View of the Heavenly Doctrine of the New Jerusalem (Selections from the True Christian Religion). London. Hindmarsh. 152 pp.--A. L.

Du Commerce de lAme et du Corps (The Intercourse between the Soul and the Body). Paris. 73 pp.

First French edition, translated by M. Perault. A second edition is republished at London, the same year, by Benedict Chastanier.--A. L.

Du Cheval Blanc (On the White Horse). Paris. 10 pp. Published as an appendix to the foregoing volume.--L. 1890, p. 201.--A. L.

Questiones Novem de Trinitate (Nine questions respecting the Trinity). London. R. Hindmarsh. 8 pp. 4to.
First Latin edition.--R. P. App.--. L.

The Doctrine of Life for the New Jerusalem. London. R. Hindmarsh.

Second English edition, translated by Rev. John Clowes, with a preface by Rev. Jacob Duch; published at the expense of the Manchester Printing Society.--R. P., p. 40; M. 38:615.

The New Jerusalem and its Heavenly Doctrine. London. Hindmarsh. 347 pp.

Second English edition, with a portrait of Swedenborg; published by the Theosophical Society.--A. L.

Bayley, Rev. Cornelius (Incumbent of St. James, Manchester): The Swedenborgian Doctrine of a Divine Trinity considered; or, strictures on a late publication entitled The Scriptural Doctrine of a Trinity Vindicated. Warrington. W. Eyres. 91 pp.--R. P., p. 136.--B. L.

This is the first systematic attack upon the New Church in the English tongue.

Clowes, Rev. John: An Affectionate Address to the Clergy of the United Kingdom, on the Theological Writings of Emanuel Swedenborg. Manchester.

This is the probable date of the first edition of this important pamphlet, which has been republished very many times. We have never seen a copy of the first edition.

Hindmarsh, Robert: A Catalogue of the printed and unprinted works of Emanuel Swedenborg, in Chronological order. London. Mentioned in I. 1870, p. 138.

Salmon, J. Joseph W.: The Robes of the Saints washed in the Blood of the Lamb. Leeds. J. Bowling. 40 pp.

A funeral discourse, on the death of Mrs. Salmon.A. L.

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS.
Further organization of the Universalists in America, by the Rev. John Murray, at Oxford, Mass.

First convention of the Episcopal Church in America (Philadelphia).

Dr. Seabury, of Connecticut, while on a visit to Great Britain, receives consecration from the Scottish-nonjuring bishops, the English bishops refusing to consecrate American bishops.

1786. France. A secret, pseudo New Church Society is formed at Acadmie on Socit des Illumins aAvignon, and under the leadership of the Abb Pernety. Their tenets are a mixture of Free-Masonry, spiritism and jesuitism, with the doctrines of Saint Martin and of Swedenborg. Their members pretend to be Newchurchmen, and send out emissaries to various parts of the world.--Kahl, IV. pp. 83, 84; N. J. M., 1790, p. 175.

Great Britain. Liverpool.--The Doctrines are introduced here by Ralph Mather and Joseph W. Salmon; they preach first in the open air, and afterwards hire a school room in Lancelots Hey.--G. N. p. 60.

London.--Rev. James Hindmarsh, a Wesleyan preacher, receives the Doctrines through his son, Robert Hindmarsh.--R. P. 59.

James Hindmarsh introduces the Doctrines to Rev. Isaac Hawkins, another Methodist minister, who opens his house in Bunhill Row, Moorfields, for the public reading of Swedenborgs Writings, on Sunday evenings. Mr. Hawkins is called to account by John Wesley for these proceedings, and is forthwith expelled from the Wesleyan connection.--G. H. 11; R. P. 262; I. 1820:265; 1847:160; N. C. R. 1851:100.

The New Church in London at this time, is visited by a mysterious Polish nobleman, the Count Grabianka, an emissary from the Society in Avignon. He creates great excitement among the New Church people, whom he secretly, though vainly, endeavors to lead into his mystical connection.

[Photo of Rev. John Clowes.]

Manchester, August 26.--Formal establishment of The Manchester Society for Printing and Publishing the Theological Writings of the Hon. Emanuel Swedenborg; the Rev. John Clowes is chosen president, Mr. Richard Meadowcroft, treasurer, and Mr. George Holford, secretary; among the more prominent members are Messrs. Sterndale, Fogg, Holt, Cromptom, Alsager, Mayhall, Whitehead and others.I. 1857:342.

Sweden. Skara, April 5.--Rev. Anders Levrn is tried for Swedenborgian hersey by the consistory of Skara; he defends himself bravely, and is protected from further persecution by the influence of Dean A. O. Knös.--Sundelin, p. 180.

Stockholm, November 1.--Charles Frederick Nordenskjld and Charles B. Wadström organize The Exegetic-Philanthropic Society, for the distinct purpose of publishing the writings of Swedenborg in Swedish, Latin, French and other languages. Through the influence of Count von Höpken and other magnates at the Court of Gustavus III, a great number of men of rank and distinction join the society. Among the members are Baron Liljencrantz, the first president of the society, Count Ekeblad, first lord of the bedchamber, Colonel Fltstjerna, Bank Commissary Robashm, Baron Lejonhufvud, Baron Silfverhjelm, Baron Palmquist, Royal Secretary Lejonmarck, Lieutenant-Colonel Sturzenbecker, Professor Afielius, Rev. Johan Tybeck, Assessor Bergklint, Lieutenant Gyllenhaal and others. Among the foreign honorary members were counted Prince Charles of Hesse, Governor of Schleswig and brother-in-law of Gustavus III., General Tuxen, in Denmark, Bishop Schiermayer, of Lubeck, Marquis de Thom, of Paris, and a great number of other distinguished men.--Sundelin 212--214. See also our history of the society, in
Mess. 1897. (Jan.)

Upsala.--Death of the Rev. C. F. Mennander, the archbishop of Sweden. He was one of Swedenborgs most trusted friends, and, it seems, a receiver of the Heavenly Doctrines.--D. II:1135.

PUBLICATIONS.
Swedenborg: Du Ciel et de lEnfer (On Heaven and Hell). Berlin, 2 vols.

Perntys translation; second French edition.--R. L.

Du Divine Amour et de la Divine Sagesse (On the Divine Love and Wisdom). Lyons. 2 vols. 479 pp.

First French edition; translated and published by Pernty.--A. L.

Emanuel Swedenborgs Revision der bisherigen Theologie (Swedenborgs revision of the hitherto prevailing theology [= A Brief Exposition of the Doctrine of the New Church]).--Breslau. Lwe.

First German edition; translator unknown; the volume contains an excellent preface, defending Swedenborg against Immanuel Kants malevolent vituperations.T. M. 104; D. II:1004.--A. L.

Nine Questions Concerning the Trinity. London. Hindmarsh. First English edition.--D. II:1012.

The Doctrine of the New Jerusalem Concerning the LORD. London. Hindmarsh. Second English edition, corrected and published by Mr. George Adams.--D. II:995.

The Doctrine of the New Jerusalem Concerning the Sacred Scripture. London. Hindmarsh. First English edition, translated and published by Mr. Peter Provo.--D. II:996.

The True Christian Religion. London. Hindmarsh. 1 vol. 4to. Second English edition.--A. L.

Chastanier, Benedict: Tableau analytique et raisonn de la Doctrine Cleste de lEglise de la Nouvelle Jrusalem. (An analytical and rational summary of the Heavenly Doctrine of the New Jerusalem Church.) London. Dedicated to the archbishop of Paris.--D. II:1177.

Clowes, Rev. John: The Necessity, Nature, and Manner of Spiritual Purification. (Four sermons on Isaiah 1:16.) Manchester.--B. M.

The true Christians progress to Perfection, with particular application to the two Sacraments of Baptism and the Lords Supper. Manchester. 48 pp.--B. M.

Johansen, Christian: Grunder fr ett vacklande Frnuft. (Foundation for a doubting Intellect, occasioned by a newly revealed, improved Religion.) Skara. 8 pp.-- R. L.

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS.
Outbreak of Shays rebellion in Massachusetts.

The Roman Catholic archbishops of Germany hold a congress at Ems, in order to adopt measures for the emancipation of the Church in Germany from papal encroachments and usurpations. The pope foments jealousy between the bishops and the archbishops, and thus frustrates the reformatory movement.

Death of Frederick the Great.

Death of Moses Mendelssohn, the great Jewish philosopher.

1787. America. Philadelphia. Francis Bailey prints A Summary View of the Heavenly Doctrines, the first New Church work published in America; it is distributed gratuitously, as an introduction to the further publication which Mr. Bailey had in view.N. I:539.

France. Avignon. February 24.--The Count Thade Lenige Grabienska, Staroste de Liys, in a letter to T. F. Gosse, of the Hague, imparts some of the pretended mysteries of the Avignon Society of Illuminati. The letter is filled with nonsense, and is published in Gosses Portfeuille, p. 80.

Great Britain. London, April 19.--A number of the members of the British Society (see 1785) submit a proposition for opening a place of worship For the New Church. The proposition is negatived by a small majority on the ground that the proper time had not yet arrived for separating from the Old Church. The minority begin to associate in a new society, without, however, discontinuing their meetings with the old society. About this time the Rev. John Clowes visits London in order to dissuade the receivers from any attempt to establish a separate worship. The continued discussions lead to some bitterness between the two parties.--R. P. 54, 55.

May 7.--The friends of the separate establishment of the New Church meet at New Court, Middle Temple, and organize a new society with the name, The Society for promoting the Heavenly Doctrines of the New Jerusalem Church.

It is resolved to engage a suitable chapel for worship at the first opportunity. A committee is appointed to formulate rules and regulations. This is the opening date in the minute book of what was afterwards known as the East Cheap Society.-- R. P. 56; I. 1873:237 ; N. C. R. VI:543.

July 2.--The new society adopts its first constitution. The design of the Society is declared to be to promote the knowledge and practice of the Heavenly Doctrines by meetings for the reading and conversing on the writings of Swedenborg. New members are admitted only by a unanimous vote. Weekly meetings are henceforth held at the houses of the members.--R. P. 56.

July 29.--A select meeting of members of the new society adopts a declaration of principles, affirming that introduction into the New Church is solely through the spiritual correspondent, Baptism, performed in that church, and that conjunction with the LORD, and consociation with the angels of the New Heavens, are effected by the Holy Supper, taken in the New Church, according to its heavenly and Divine correspondences.--R. P. 58.

July 31.--The first meeting for worship, according to the Doctrines of the New Church, is held at the house of Mr. Thomas Wright, No. 6 Poultry road. Mr. James Hindmarsh is chosen by lot to officiate in the place of a priest; the Sacrament of the Holy Supper is then administered to eleven persons, after which five others are baptized into the faith of the New Church. Robert Hindmarsh is the first person thus baptized.--R. P. 58; D. 1873:237.

The communion cup used on this occasion is still used at the Holy Supper by the society at Argyle Square. London. M. L. 1887:285.

On the same day a Dissenters License is procured from the Government for the new religious community.--R. P. 61.

October 3.--The new society resolves to rent a chapel in Great East Cheap. Robert Hindmarsh composes the first New Church Liturgy.--N. J. J. 43.

November 5.--The society takes possession of the chapel in Great East Cheap.--R. P. 59.

Manchester, November 14.--Rev. John Clowes, and his associates, address a letter to the society in Great East Cheap, urgently advising against separation from the established church.--R. P. 75; the text of the letter is published in Comptons Life of Clowes, p. 48.

Salisbury.--Ralph Mather and Joseph Salmon, the New Church open-air evangelists, preach on Milford Hill and in the market place of this town. A number of persons receive the Doctrines, among these Benjamin Banks and Thomas Davies. A reading society is established, and the Writings of Swedenborg are read aloud, publicly, three times every Sabbath day.--G. H. 97; further historicals, I. 1871:303.

Sweden. Gottenburg.--Death of Peter Hammarberg and of the Councillor Wenngren, both of them wealthy merchants of Gottenburg, intimate friends of Swedenborg and firm receivers of the Doctrines.--D. II:1144.

Stockholm, January.--The Exegetic-Philanthropic Society begins to publish a quarterly magazine, the Samlingar fr Philantroper, the first distinctively New Church journal ever issued. The publication excites the wrath of the famous poet, J. H. Kellgren, who attacks the society in his journal, Stockholms Posten. A violent newspaper controversy ensues, pro and con Swedenborg and his Writings.--Kahl, III:78-101; Sundelin, p. 231-237; Mess., Jan., 1897.

May.--The king sends C. R. Wadström, at the head of a scientific expedition, to explore the western coast of Africa, with a view to prepare the way for a Swedish colony, the main object of which should be to operate against the slave-trade.--N. J. M. 1790:72; Sundelin, p. 260.

June.--The society is now at the zenith of its activity, with a membership of one hundred and fifty persons, nearly all of these distinguished men. The New Jerusalem and its Heavenly Doctrine has been published, as the firstling of the Writings in Swedish, and a great number of other translations are being revised by the society.

A printing office is about to be established in conjunction with that of the Free Masons; favored by the king, the crown-prince and the archbishop, the members of the society dream of speedily converting the whole nation to the Doctrines of the New Church.Sundelin, p. 216.

About this time the members of the society begin to be much interested in the phenomena and practices of animal magnetism, then fashionable at most of the European courts. A rational and favorable explanation of these phenomena is thought to have been found in the Writings of Swedenborg. Sick persons are introduced at the meetings and treated by mesmeric methods. Intercourse with the spiritual world is sought by magical means. C. F. Nordenskjld, Bergklint, and a few others, protest earnestly, but in vain, against these spiritistic practices.Sundelin, p. 217, 244; Mess., Jan., 1897.

June 19.--The society issues a circular letter in Swedish and in French, claiming to present the only satisfactory explanation of animal magnetism and somnambulism. The letter is sent broadcast over Europe to men and institutions of learning, and excites much opposition and ridicule.--Gjörwells Allmnna Tidningar, 1787; vol. 3: p. 55.

June 26.--The publications of the society having been issued in defiance of the law, the Consistory of Stockholm complains to the Chancellor of Justice. The authorities at first disregard the complaints, but are finally forced by the clergy to forbid the further publications of the Exegetic-Philanthropic Society. The writings are henceforth printed in Copenhagen and secretly introduced into Sweden.Sundelin, pp. 244-247.

July.--Kellgren, in a satirical poem against Swedenborg and the New Church, warns the king against the possible revolutionary tendencies of the society. The king, regarding with suspicion the intimate relations between the society and his brother, the Crown-Prince Charles, now withdraws his protection from the society.Sundelin, p. 238.

August.--Kellgren, though an open atheist and reviler of all religion, calls upon the legal authorities to punish the Swedenborgians for their attacks upon Lutheran orthodoxy.Ibid. p. 240.

August 29.--The crown-prince (afterwards Charles XIII., king of Sweden) is formally received as a member of the Exegetic-Philanthropic Society; his address on this occasion is published in N. J. M. 1790:179. See also Sundelin, 215, and Mess. 1897. Jan.

[Photo of Charles XIII.]

PUBLICATIONS.
Swedenborg: Afhandling om Nya Jerusalem och dess Himmelska Lra (Treatise on the New Jerusalem and its Heavenly Doctrine). Stockholm. Nordstrm, 284 pp.

The first Swedish edition and the first of the Writings in Swedish; translated by C. F. Nordenskjld and published by the Exegetic-Philanthropic Society.--A. L.

Apocalypsis Explicata. Vol. II. London. Hindmarsh. 4to.

First Latin edition.--A. I;.

A Summary View of the Heavenly Doctrine of the New Jerusalem Church (Extracts from the True Christian Religion). Philadelphia. Francis Bailey. 76 pp.

Republished from the London edition of 1785; this is the first New Church work published in America.--A. L.

Doctrine de la Nouvelle Jrusalem du Seigneur (Doctrine of the New Jerusalem concerning the LORD). London.

First French edition, translated and published by Benedict Chastenier.--A. L.

Du Dernier Judement et de la Babylone Detruite (On the Last Judgement). With Continuation du Jugement Dernier as an appendix. Also 27 pages On the Soul, from A. E. 750, and numerous notes by the editor. London.371 pp.

First French edition; translated and published by Benedict Chastanier.--A. L.

Emanuel Swedenborgs Tankar om Tron (Swedenborgs Thoughts on the subject of Faith, i. e., part of the Doctrine concerning Faith). Stockholm.--Nordstrm. 67 pp.

First Swedish edition; republished from Samlingar fr Philantroper.--B. L.

Extracts from the Manuscripts of Emanuel Swedenborg on the Love of Uses on Charity, etc. London.--Hindmarsh. 11 pp.--R. L.

On the Earths in our Solar System. London.Hindmarsh. 211 pp.

First English edition, translated by Mr. Clowes and published at the expense of the Manchester Printing Society.--A. L.

On the New Jerusalem and its Heavenly Doctrine. London.

Described as the fourth English edition in B. I.

The Doctrine of the New Jerusalem concerning the Sacred Scripture. London.Hindmarsh. 173 pp.

Second English edition; a reprint of the edition of 1786.B. L.

Trait de la Vie pour la Nouvelle Jrusalem (Doctrine of Life). London.115 pp.

First French edition, translated and published by Chastanier.--N. Y. L.

Utdrag af Ngra Bref af Emanuel Swedenborg (Swedenborgs correspondence with Dr. Beyer, Oetinger and others). Stockholm.--Nordstrm. 34 pp.

This is the only publication of these documents in the original tongue.--A. L.

Utkast om ktenskaps Njen (A Sketch on the Delights of Marriage). Stockholm.48 pp.

This is a Swedish translation from the M. S. of the author, of Swedenborgs posthumous Tract on Marriage (De Conjugio).Sundelin, 239.R. I.

Vom Neuen Jerusalem und dessen himmlischen Lehre (On the New Jerusalem and its Heavenly Doctrine). Place of publication not stated.

Third German edition.C. L. The second edition was published in 1776 (no place of publication).--A. L.

[Anonymous]: A short account of the Hon. Emanuel Swedenborg and his theological writings. London.--Hindmarsh. 42 pp.

This is the first attempt in English toward a biography of Swedenborg.--R. L.

Clowes, Rev. John: The marks and characteristics of a true faith. Manchester. 46pp.

A collection of sermons.--B. M.

Hodson, James, M. D.: Jesus Christ the true God and only object of Supreme Adoration. London. 2 vols.B. M.

This work was written before the author had become acquainted with the New Church; his attention was called to the similarity of his work with the Heavenly Doctrines, and this led to his reception of these Doctrines.R. P 175

[Johansen, Christian]: Herrans Bn, frklarad efter sin andeliga Mening. (The Lords Prayer, explained according to its spiritual meaning). Stockholm. Nordstrm. 16 pp.--B. L.

Knös, Rev. A. O.: Ndvndigheten att ej lra annorlunda n Guds Ord lrer. (The necessity of not teaching differently from the teachings of the Word of Good.--Upsala. 675 pp.--Sundelin, 160.

Liden, Professor J. (Librarian at Norrkping, Sweden): Anmrkningar fver Magnetismen och Swedenborgianismen (Observations on Magnetism and Swedenborgianism). Norrkping. Raam. 36 pp.--A. L.

Frn Sllskapet Pro Sensu Communi rrande Animaliska Magnetismen, och Swedenborgianismen.

(From the Society For Common Sense, respecting Animal Magnetism and Swedenborgianism. (Norrkping. Raam. 15 pp.--A. L.

This brochure, like the one preceding, is an attack on the Exegetic-Philanthropic Society, and contains a collection of Kellgrens atheistic barkings.

[Liturgical]: The Order of Worship for the New Church, signified by the New Jerusalem in the Revelation. London. Hindmarsh.

This is the first attempt toward a New Church Liturgy; it was composed by Robert Hindmarsh.--R. P. 60; I. 1835:414. We have never seen a copy of this edition.

[Nordenskjld, Augustus]: Tankar om Falska Profeter. (Reflections on false prophets.) Stockholm. Nordstrm. 26 pp.

A reply to Kellgrens attacks on Swedenborg; reprinted from Samlingar fr Philantroper.--A. L.

[Nordenskjld, C. F.]: Juridiska Tankar angende Toleransen. (Reflections on the subject of Toleration, from the standpoint of jurisprudence.) Stockholm. Nordstrm. 24 pp. Reprinted from Samlingar.B. L.

[Periodical]: Journal Novi-Jrusalmite. London, 4 nos.; edited and published by Benedict Chastanier. These four numbers, the only ones published, are occupied almost entirely with the French editions of the Writings, noted above.--D. II:1177.

Samlingar fr Philantroper. (Magazine for Philanthropists.) Stockholm. Nordstrm. 4 nos.

A quarterly magazine, edited by Charles Frederick Nordenskjld, and published by the Exegetic-Philanthropic Society. The continued publication was prohibited by the censor.--Sundelin, p. 243.--B. L.

Sheringson, Dr. R.: Dissertatio sistens Observationes nonnullas de Philosophia recentiorum Platonicorum, indolem atque originem fanatismi nostri vi illustrantes. (A dissertation presenting certain observations concerning the Philosophy of the Neo-Platonic school, illustrating the genius and origin of the fanaticism of the present age.) Upsala. 2 vols.

An insidious and learned attack on the Theology of the New Church, attempting to prove that Swedenborg had borrowed almost the whole of his system from the neo-platonic philosophers. --Sundelin, pp. 245-246.--R. L.

Semler, Dr. J. S.: Unterhaltung mit Herrn Lavater ber die freie praktische Religion; auch ber die Revision der bisherigen Theologie (Correspondence with Lavater on the subject of a free practical Religion, and on Swedenborgs Brief Exposition.) Leipzig. An attack on the New Church, in support of Kant.T. M. II:104.

[Silfverhjelm, Baron K. G.]: Kort Anledning till den enda tillfredstllande Frklaringen fver den Animaliska Magnetismens och Somnambulismens verkningar (A Brief Introduction to the only satisfactory explanation of the phenomena of Animal Magnetism and Somnambulism, derived from true principles concerning the Creator, Man, and Nature, and confirmed by experience.) Stockholm. Nordstrm. 45 pp.--A. L.

An open letter, addressed to the magnetic society in Strassburg, known as Societ des Amis runis. A French edition of this tract was published at the same time with the Swedish edition.

This letter, so fatal to the Exegetic-Philanthropic Society, has been reviewed in Mess. 1897, Jan.; Sundelin, pp. 221, 225; Gjörwell, 1787, vol. 3, p. 55; 1788, vol. 4, pp. 52, 53.

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS.
The Constitution of the United States is framed by the Convention in Philadelphia.

The archbishops of Canterbury and York consecrate the Rev. William White and Dr. Provost as the first bishops of the Protestant Episcopal Church in America.

Organization of the first Unitarian Church in America (Boston).

Death of Rev. Henry Mhlenberg, the organizer and patriarch of the Lutheran Church in America.

The Assembly of Notables meets at Versailles.

Russia and Austria declare war against Turkey.

1788- Germany.Numerous reclamations against the circular letter of the Exegetic-Philanthropic Society appear in the learned journals of Berlin, Weimar, Jena, Greifswalde, and Gotha; Klopstock, Rosenmller and others heap ridicule upon the doctrines of Swedenborg.Gjörwell, vol. V. p. 31.

Great Britain. London, January 27.--The worship of the LORD in His Second Coming is celebrated publicly the first time in this world, at the opening services in the chapel at Great East Cheap. Rev. James Hindmarsh delivers a sermon on the text Praise ye the Lord (Ps. cl.), Rev. Isaac Hawkins reading the prayers. Mr. Robert Brant preaches in the afternoon. A meeting for the public reading of Swedenborgs Writings is held in the evening.--R. P. 61.

The chapel is described as situated in a small narrow court, leading out of the Great East Cheap street ; at the end of this court or passage a board was placed with the inscription The New Jerusalem Church, and over the chapel itself the words Now it is allowable.--R. P. 61, 157.

The services are described in a letter to Sweden, published in Gjörwell, vol. V., p. 63 : worship is conducted twice every Sunday; the public reading of Swedenborgs Writings is a special feature, attended with great success; questions and discussions are permitted at the reading-meetings.

March 21.--Manoah Sibly delivers his first probationary sermon.I. 1841:143.

May 5.--The Society at Great East Cheap adopts the name the New Church, signified by the New Jerusalem in the Revelation.--R. P. 66; N. C. R. VI:543.

May.--The original London Society, instituted in 1783, begins to break up about this time. The opponents to the separate establishment of the New Church continue to meet, for a time, at the house of Mr. Prichard, No. 5 Vere street, near Clare Market, where the record books and documents of the Theosophical Society are ultimately deposited. Their present whereabouts are unknown.--R. P. 66.

June 1.--The first ordination of ministers for the New Church is performed at Great East Cheap:

James Hindmarsh and Samuel Smith,--both of them former Methodist preachers,--are set apart as candidates for ordination; twelve men are chosen by lot to lay their hands upon the candidates; Robert Hindmarsh, by unanimous consent, which is confirmed to his own satisfaction by a private lot, reads the ordination service. From this source, i. e., through James Hindmarsh and his successors, are derived all subsequent ordinations of ministers in the New Church in Great Britain.--R. P. 70; E. pp. XII-XVI.; I. 1835:415, 416.

The propriety of this mode of ordination has been discussed at great length in N. C. R. 1851, p. 533; 1852, pp. 134-317; 1853, pp. 44, 229--533; 1854, p. 107.

Concerning Rev. Samuel Smith, who has communicated some interesting facts respecting John Wesleys relations to Swedenborg, nothing further is known in the history of the New Church.--R. P.62, 63; L. 1892:134.

November 3.--The Great East Cheap Society resolves to call a General Conference of friends and members of the New Church throughout the world. Invitations are issued in the form of folio circulars.--E. P. XIX; copies in A. A.

December 7.--The Society replies to the communication of Mr. Clowes and the Manchester Society (of Nov. 14, 1787), showing reasons for their separation from the Old Church. The reply is drawn up by Robert Hindmarsh, and is signed by seventy-four members of the Society; of these members the following are the best known in the Annals of the New Church:

Benjamin Banks, founder of the Society in Salisbury. Robert Brant, founder of the Society in Bristol.
Benedict Chastanier, founder of New Church among the French.
Thomas Dawes, the founder of the Church in Derby.
Samuel Hands, the founder of the Birmingham Society.
Robert Hindmarsh, founder of the New Church in London.
Ralph Mather, founder of numerous societies.
Henry Peckitt, the president of the first General Conference.

Joseph Jerome Roussell, founder of the Society in Halifax, N. S.
Henry Servant, founder of the first New Jerusalem Magazine.
Manoah Sibly, founder of the Society in Friar street, London.
John Augustus Tulk, founder of the Swedenborg Society, London.
Charles B. Wadström, founder of the anti-slavery movement.

From which it may be seen that the Church in Great East Cheap was truly a mother of churches in the New Jerusalem.--R. P. 78, 80.

Sweden. Gottenburg.--Death of Rev. Peter Olof Fredell, the eccentric author of Oneiromantien.Sundelin, p. 247.

Skara.--Dr. Thure Weidman succeeds Forrshenius as bishop of Skara. He intends, at first, to eradicate Swedenborgianism among the clergy of his diocese, but finds, on investigation, that all the most efficient and prominent of the ministers are devoted to Swedenborgs Writings; he is thus compelled to give up the intended persecution.Sundelin, p. 178.

Stockholm.--The Exegetic-Philanthropic Society continues its publicistic and magnetic activity, but under considerable difficulty, as the members are not permitted to reply to the sarcastic attacks of Kellgren and other wits at the court.Sundelin, 244.

The orthodox clergy and the literary followers of Voltaire now join hands against the New Church in Sweden. Kellgren and consorts call upon the clergy to have the Swedenborgians punished by the civil law, while the clergy rejoice in the revilings and ridicule poured forth in the atheistic press.Sundelin, 248-254.

May.--Charles B. Wadström returns to Sweden after a successful expedition to Senegal. After a few months he is sent to England in order to interest the British Government and capitalists in the proposed colonization of Sierra Leone. When leaving Sweden Wadström carries with him a number of Swedenborgs unpublished manuscripts, which he deposits in the care of Benedict Chastanier, in London.N. J. M. 1790:73; Gjörwell, V.:71; Sundelin, 261; D. II:811.

July 22.Letter from Baron J. F. Silfverhjelm to Lavater, concerning Swedenborg and his revelations.L. 1890:215.

Baron Silfverhjelm purchases the right to Swedenborgs from the heirs of Swedenborg, but the Academy of Sciences refuses to recognize the transaction.L. 1870:135.

South America. Demerara.--New Church worship is conducted here by Mr. James Glen, who baptizes several persons and administers the Holy Supper. A small society is organized and remains for many years.--M. K. II:155, 156.

PUBLICATIONS.
Swedenborg: Angelic Wisdom concerning the Divine Love and Wisdom. London.--Chalklen, 461 pp.

First English edition, translated by Dr. Tucker, of Hull, and published at the expense of the Manchester Printing Society.--A. L.

Concerning Nathaniel Tucker, M. D., a man of literary celebrity, see M. L., 1896, pp. 57, 69, 496.

Apocalypsis Explicata. Vol. III. London.--Hindmarsh. 4to. First Latin edition.--A. L.

Arcana Coelestia. Vol. III. London. -- Hindmarsh. 528 pp. First English edition.--A. L.

Concerning the Last Judgment. London.--Hindmarsh. 154 pp. First English edition, translated and published by R. Hindmarsh.--A. L.

Concerning the White Horse in the Apocalypse. With an appendix concerning the souls of beasts and the vegetative soul, (from A. E.). London.--Hindmarsh. 98 pp. First English edition, translated and published by Robert Hindmarsh.--B. M.

De la Nouvelle Jrusalem et sa Doctrine Cleste. Stockholm.Mentioned in B. I.

Kort Sammandrag af Lran fr den Nya Frsamlingen (Brief Exposition of the Doctrine of the New Church). Copenhagen.--Thiele. 179 pp. A. L.

First Swedish edition, with a long preface; published at the expense of Baron Liljencrantz, governor of the province of SdermanlandSundelin, 244

On the Intercourse between the Soul and the Body. London.--Hindmarsh 103 pp.

Third English edition; new translation, by R. Hindmarsh.--A. L.

Vom Neuen Jerusalem und dessen Himmlischen Lehre (On the New Jerusalem and its Heavenly Doctrine). Fourth German edition, Altenburg, translated by Mr. Cude.--T. M. II:103; D. II:982.

Clowes, Rev. John: Brotherly Love, considered as the sign and proof of the Christians growth in Divine Grace. Three discourses. Manchester.--B. M.

Dialogues on the Nature, Design and Evidence of the Writings of the Hon. Emanuel Swedenborg; with a brief account of his Philosophical Works. Manchester.--B. M.

This is the first edition of an important evangelistic work, which has been republished a number of times, and has been translated into French, German, and Swedish.

[DAillant de la Touche, of Nancy]: Abrg des ouvrages dEmanuel Swedenborg (Abstract of the works of Emanuel Swedenborg, containing the Doctrine of the New Heavenly Jerusalem; with an introductory discourse, examining the life of the author, the quality of his Writings, and their relation to the present times). Stockholm and Strassburg 396 pp.

This work was published by the Exegetic-Philanthropic Society. The author afterwards went into Spiritism. The work has been translated into Swedish, German, Dutch and English, but is quite untrustworthy, and has been severely criticized in I. I:368.---A. L.

[Hindmarsh, Robert]: Reasons for Separating from the Old Church. London. Hindmarsh. 22 pp.

An abstract of this important document is published in R. P. 75, 80.

The full text has been republished in Odhners Life of R. Hindmarsh, p. 65.--A. L.

Hodson, James: The Worship of Jesus Christ vindicated. London. 58 pp.--A. L.

[Liturgical]: The Order of Worship, and Form of Prayer, for the New Church, signified by the New Jerusalem in the Revelation, together with the forms for the administration of Baptism and the Holy Supper. London. Hindmarsh. 111 pp.

The second edition. A copy is preserved in the library of Rev. Frank Sewall.

The Psalms of David, according to the Bible version; together with a Summary Exposition of the Internal Sense contained therein. London. Hindmarsh.--B. L.

Mller, Rev. Johan: Ofrgripliga Tankar om Sttet att bemta swrmaktiga upptg er och willfarande religions meningar, srdeles den s kallade Swedenborgianismen, (Frank views on the best method of treating fanatical vagaries and erroneous opinions in Religion, especially the so-called Swedenborgianism.) Stockholm. Carlbohm. 120 pp.

This work claims to be a systematic critique of the True Christian Religion. It recommends governmental violence and atheistical ridicule as the best means of annihilating the New Church. The book was approved by the Swedish Diet of 1789, and the author was elevated to the Bishopric of Visby, as a reward for his zeal for orthodoxy.Sundelin, 252; D. II:365.--R. L.

[Periodical]: Medborgaren (The Citizen). A semi-weekly, religio-political journal, edited by C. F. Nordenskjld, at Stockholm. It reached four volumes and had a wide circulation, but was interdicted by the government in 1790.D. I:622; Sundelin. 256--R. L.

Rosenmller, Johann Georg: Briefe ber die Phnomene des thierischen Magnetismus und Somnambulismus. (Letters on the phenomena of animal Magnetism and Somnambulism.) Leipzig. 124 pp.

An attack on the letter of the Exegetic-Philanthropic Society.--A. L.

[Tybeck, Rev. Johan]: Om den barmhertige Samaritanen, frklarad efter dess andeliga Mening.

(On the good Samaritan, explained according to the spiritual sense.) A sermon. Copenhagen. P. M. Hoffner. 28 pp.--R. L.

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS.
The first General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church in America is held at Philadelphia. The Westminster Confession is adopted.

A majority of the United States ratify the Constitution. Foundation of Cincinnati.

Death of Charles Wesley, the brother and fellow-laborer of John Wesley, and the first great hymnologist of the Methodist Church.

George III. becomes insane.

Death of Buffon, the French naturalist.

Sweden declares war against Russia.

1789. America. Philadelphia.--Francis Bailey issues True Christian Religion. Having secured fifty subscribers, among whom were Benjamin Franklin, Robert Morris and several other distinguished men, he publishes one volume of this work in separate numbers.--N. I:539.

Denmark. Elsinoer, November 10.--Augustus Nordenskjld visits General Tuxen, obtaining from him valuable testimony concerning Swedenborg. While here he writes a very peculiar plan for the external establishment and order of the New Church.--N. J. M. 1790; 113; D. I:642.

Great Britain. Birmingham. Readers of Swedenborgs Writings begin to meet together in a room in the upper part of Great Charles street. Mr. Samuel Hands is one of the leading members.--M. L. 1889:181.

Keighley. Yorkshire.--The Doctrines are introduced here by Mr. William Illingworth, son-in-law of Rev. James Hindmarsh, who had labored in this place while still a Wesleyan preacher. A small New Church Society is formed, with Joseph Wright as leader.--M. L. 1890:227.

London, April 13-17.--The first General Conference of members of the New Jerusalem Church is held at Great East Cheap; it is attended by about eighty members from various places in England, Sweden and North America. Henry Peckitt is elected president, and Robert Beatson secretary.

A series of thirty resolutions is adopted, setting forth the faith of the Conference in the doctrines of the New Church, as revealed in the writings of Emanuel Swedenborg. Numerous letters are read; a committee is appointed to draw up a catechism for the instruction of children; a circular letter is drawn up, addressed to the members of the New Church at large; the members dine together each day of the Conference. A sphere of great harmony, peace and gladness prevails.

An account of the proceedings is published in R. P., 84-109. Additional details are given in E. pp. XX-XXIV. A report of the meetings was also published separately.

The following places, containing individual or societies of receivers, were represented at this Conference: Chester, Derby, Keighley, Liverpool, London, Nantwich, Norwich, Quidhampton, Rotherham, Salisbury and Warrington.

May 4, 1789.-April 11, 1790.--The records of the meetings held by the society in Great East Cheap during this whole period have been torn out of the original minute book. Rev. Manoah Sibly has reported that these lost minutes contained the record of many solemn meetings, resulting finally in the exclusion of Robert Hindmarsh and five other prominent members from the society, on account of the emphasis which these members laid upon the teachings concerning concubinage, as set forth by Swedenborg in the latter part of Conjugial Love. No imputation of evil was made against the excluded members, and Robert Hindmarsh continued to act as the secretary and actual leader of the society. All the documents relating to this occurrence have been brought together and discussed in our Life of Robert Hindmarsh, pp. 25-31.

The Rev. Francis Leicester, a talented and learned clergyman of the Established Church, comes openly into the New Church. This is the only case of the kind in the history of the New Church in England.M. K. II:10.

Norwich. Ralph Mather and Joseph Salmon, continuing their open-air evangelistic journeys, come to Norwich and receive permission to preach in the Baptist chapel, Mr. Hunt, the owner, being much impressed with the New Doctrines.

Rev. Joseph Proud, the popular Baptist preacher, who officiated in the chapel, vehemently opposes the New Church evangelists; immediately afterwards he feels a doubt as to his course, and is led by a passage in the Word (Hab. I-, 5), to examine the Writings and to embrace with fervent faith the Heavenly Doctrines.I. 1826:349.

[Photo of Rev. Joseph Proud.]

Sweden. Stockholm, January.--The members of the Exegetic-Philanthropic Society, in a communication to the king, deny the accusations that have been made against their loyalty to the government; they also repudiate their connection with Halldin, the former favorite of Gustavus III. who had lately proclaimed that this monarch, though still living, was in the sixteenth degree among the damned.Sundelin, p. 258.

February 11.--The Exegetic-Philanthropic Society, in a communication to the New Church in London, reports a membership of over two hundred persons, with a library of four thousand volumes;

meetings are still held once a week; Baron Siven Liljencrantz is the president and chief protector of the society.--N. J. M. 1790:25.

November.--A second communication describes the great extension of the Heavenly Doctrines among the Clergy of the Established Church of Sweden. In the diocese of Gottenburg, alone, forty-six of the clergymen are receivers of the doctrines, and in the diocese of Skara sixty per cent. of the Clergy are similarly indoctrinated.Ibid. p. 63.

PUBLICATIONS.
Swedenborg: A Brief Exposition of the Doctrine of the New Church. London. Hindmarsh. 1732 pp.

Second English edition; translated and published by Hindmarsh.--A. L.

Apocalypsis Explicata. Vol. IV. London. Hindmarsh. 4to. First Latin edition, completed.--A. L.

Arcana Coelestia. Vol. IV. London. Hindmarsh. 985 pp. First English edition.--A. L.

A Sketch of the Chaste Delights of Conjugial Love. London. Denew. 91 pp. Extracted and translated from A. E.--B. L.

De Divino Amore et de Divina Sapientia (On Divine Love and Divine Wisdom). First Latin edition; published as appendix to Vol. IV. of Apocalypsis Explicata. Passages concerning the Lords Prayer. Extracted from the Writings. London. Chalklen. 57 pp.--S. S. L.

The True Christian Religion. Vol. I. Philadelphia. Francis Bailey. First American edition.--A. L.

Adams, George: An Essay on Vision, briefly explaining the Fabric of the Eye. London. Hindmarsh.--A. L.

New Church principles are introduced into this work by the author, who was mathematical instrument-maker to His Majesty and a prominent member of the New Church in London.

[Anonymous]: Des Herrn Em. Von Schwedenburgs lezten Worte und Prophezeyung von den Schicksal der Christen (Swedenborgs last words and prophecy of the fate of the Christians). Altona. 60 pp.

A ludicrous mass of phantastic stories concerning alleged miracles by Swedenborg.--L. 1891:85.--A. L.

[DAillant de la Touche]: Em. Swedenborgs Theologische Werke, nebst einer Abhandlung ber das Leben des Verfassers. Leipzig. P. Kummer. 526 pp.

Translated from the French edition of 1788.--M. 36:441--A. L.

Duche, Rev. Jacob: Discourses on Various Subjects. 2 vols. London. Phillips. 792 pp.

A collection of sermons.--M 38:565.--A. L.

Hartley, Rev. Thomas: Extracts from the Doctrine of the New Jerusalem Church, with comments by Mr. Hartley. Birmingham. Piercy. 33 pp.--A. L.

Proud, Rev. Joseph: Jehovahs Mercy made known to all Mankind in these last days; or an Invitation to all men of Religion to accept the Mercy of the Lord a snow manifested by His messenger and Scribe, the Hon. Emanuel Swedenborg. A poem. London. Hindmarsh. 15 pp.--A. L.

Provo, Peter: Wisdoms Dictates; or a Collection of Maxims, on Divine and Spiritual Truths, from the Works of Em. Swedenborg. London. Chalklen. 204 pp.--A. L.

[Report]: Minutes of a General Conference of the Members of the New Church, held in London, April, 1789. London. Hindmarsh. 42 pp.--A. L.

Schneider, C. W: Nachricht von der so-genannten Neuen Kirche, oder dem Neuen Jerusalem der Anhanger Em. Swedenborgs, und von ihren Gottesdienstlichen Versamlungen in England (Information concerning the so-called New Church, or the New Jerusalem of the followers of Swedenborg, and concerning their meetings in England). Weimar. 130 pp.

Anti-New Church; dedicated to Superintendent Rosenmller in Leipzig.--A. L.

[Thorild, Thomas]: The Sermon of Sermons; or the Impiety of Priests and the Fall of Religion. London. Mentioned in N. C. A. 1844:259.

The author was a famous Swedish poet, and a former pupil of Beyer and Rosen in Gottenburg.

He resided at this time in London, and associated with the members of the New Church.

[Tybeck, Rev. Johan]: Predikan p Fjerde Sdagen efter Psk (Sermon delivered on the fourth Sunday after Easter, 1786). Copenhagen. 36 pp.--A. L.

Wadström, C. B., and Augustus Nordenskjld: Plan for a Free Community upon the Western Coast of Africa. London. Hindmarsh. 51 pp. 4to.--A. L. Reviewed in N. J. M. 1790:142. Sundelin. 261.

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS.
George Washington is elected president of the United States.

The organization of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States is completed (Philadelphia, July 28); the English Book of Common Prayers, slightly revised, is adopted.

Beginning of the French Revolution. The States General meet at Versailles.

The National Assembly is constituted. The Bastille is destroyed. The nobles begin to emigrate. Feudal rights and privileges are abolished. The king is forced to remove to Paris. All ecclesiastical property is transferred to the State.

The Turks are defeated by the Austrians and Russians.

1790. America. Philadelphia.--Judge John Young removes from Philadelphia to Greensburgh, Pa. He is the chief means of introducing the Doctrines west of the Allegheny mountains.--N. III:231.

Mr. James Vickroy, a New Churchman of Johnstown, Pa., surveys and plans the present site of Pittsburgh.--N. ibid.

Old Parson Schlatter, the organizer of the German Reformed churches in Pennsylvania, receives the Doctrines of the New Church.--Mess. vol. 62:251.

[Photo of Hon. John Young.]

Maryland.Lord Thos. Fairfax, of Alexandria, Va., and Dr. John J. Cabell, of Nelson Co., are the first New Churchmen in this part of the country.--Mess. vol. 47:187.

Ohio.--Mr. Thomas Newport receives the Heavenly Doctrines. He is the first New Churchman west of the Alleghenies.--Mess. vol. 44:292; vol. 55:90.

Virginia.--Colonel Robert Carter, of Nomony Hall, Lancaster Co., Va., receives the Doctrines. On coming into the New Church, he manumits his numerous slaves. Further particulars in Mess. vol. 58:8; vol. 60:281; vol. 63:9.

Denmark. Copenhagen, November 12.--Letter from Prince Charles, of Hesse, generalissimo of Denmark, to the Exegetic-Philanthropic Society, of which he is an enthusiastic member.--R. P. 115; N. J. M. 1790:307.

France. Paris, July.--Augustus Nordenskjld leaves London for Paris, where he takes part in Federation Fte on the Champs de Mars, and in other revolutionary movements. He is immediately recalled to Sweden by the king.--Sundelin, 263.

Rouen, March 5.Readers of Swedenborg form themselves into a Societ des Amis de la Paix, for the purpose of publishing all the theological and scientific works of Swedenborg.--R. P. 115-116; N. J. M. 1790:176. Nothing further is known of this society.

Germany. Death of Ludwig IX., Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt, who had corresponded with Swedenborg on spiritual subjects.--D. II:1154.

Great Britain.--A general account of the New Church in England is published in N. J. M. 1790:175. Societies exist in Birmingham, Bristol, Chester, Isle of Wight, Leeds, Liverpool, Norwich, and in three different districts of London.

Dublin, Ireland.--The Doctrines are introduced here by Mr. Joshua Pickering.--M. K. I:354.

London.--A Swedish philosopher (probably Thomas Thorild) visits the New Church in London. He insists upon the notion that Swedenborg had not died, or else that his body had been taken up into heaven. To convince him, a party of New Churchmen visit the Swedish church, where Swedenborgs coffin is opened, and the body found well preserved.--R. P. 339, 401; Goyders Autobiography, p. 136.

January.--Appearance of the first number of the New Jerusalem Magazine, the first New Church journal in English.

March.--Publication of the first number of the Magazine of Knowledge.

April 5-7.--The Second General Conference of members of the New Church is held at Great East Cheap. Samuel Hands, of Birmingham, is elected president, and Rev. Francis Leicester, secretary. A Catechism, drawn up by Robert Hindmarsh, and a Hymnbook, composed by Mr. Proud, are adopted. The Order of Worship is revised and amended. The propriety of a fixed form of Prayers is considered affirmatively. The ordination of Joseph Wright and of Manoah Sibly is approved. A circular letter to the members of the Church at large is adopted.--R. P. 109-111.

April 7.--Joseph Wright, of Keighly, in Yorkshire, and Manoah Sibly, of London, are ordained into the Ministry of the New Church by Rev. James Hindmarsh.--R. P. III.

The subjects of Animal Magnetism and intercourse with Spirits are discussed in the Magazine of Knowledge I: 123, 404.

June.--The publication of the New Jerusalem Magazine is suspended, owing to lack of sufficient encouragement.--R. P. 108.

November 25.--The Rev. Francis Leicester, and Mr. Robert Jackson, of Jamaica, are ordained into the Ministry of the New Church, by James Hindmarsh. These ordinations were performed with the approbation of the London Society.--E. P. XXV.

Robert Jackson, immediately after his ordination, returns to Jamaica, intending to introduce the Heavenly Doctrines among the Negroes in the West Indies.--N. J. M 1790:308.

Manchester.--A movement for the distinct establishment of the New Church is set on foot by some of the members of Mr. Clowes congregation. Mr. Samuel Mann and Mr. Richard Jones are the leaders of this movement.--. 1832:339; 1835:450.

Middleton.--A circle of New Churchmen is formed here.-- I. 1871:434.

Ringley, Lancashire.--A Society is formed here, through the influence of Mr. Clowes. The members become known as the Top oth Brow folks. An interesting description of early times among the New Church people in Lancashire is published in I. 1871:230.

Wales.--The Doctrines are introduced into this principality by Mr. Matthew Williams, of Landislovawr, Carmarthenshire.--R. P. 112.

Holland. Mynheer Usbrand von Hamelsveld publishes New Church works in Dutch, at Amsterdam.

M. Pierre F. Gosse advertizes all New Church works in French at The Hague.

Sweden. Stockholm, February 20.--The Exegetic and Philanthropic Society presents a printed address to the king, asking for full religious liberty for the New Church, the government of the Church to be arranged according to the eccentric plan drawn up by Augustus Nordenskjld. The petition is received unfavorably by the king.--N. J. M. 1790:178.

March 9.--Death of Count Anders Johan von Höpken, ex-prime minister of Sweden, Swedenborgs intimate friend, and the chief patron of the Exegetic and Philanthropic Society.N. J. M. 1790:302; D. I:631. L. 1898:107.

May.--Baron K. G. Silfverhjelm is chosen president of the Society. He is the most zealous of the magnetizers, and produces much disharmony, resulting before long in the destruction of the Society.Sundelin, p. 269.

Captain Frederic Herman von Walden asks permission of the king to print a reply, in Sweden, to Professor Mllers attacks on the New Church. Permission being refused, the reply is printed at Copenhagen.Sundelin, p. 254.

Swedenborgs personal effects, which had remained at his home on Hornsgatan, are sold at public auction.

The portrait of himself; which had hung in his bedchamber, is purchased by Mr. Carl Deleen. Its subsequent history is described in D. II:1197 and L. 1881, June. It is now owned by the Academy of the New Church.

PUBLICATIONS.
Swedenborg: Angelic Wisdom concerning the Divine Providence. London. Hindmarsh. 597 pp.

First English edition, translated by Dr. Tucker and published by the Manchester Pr. Soc.--A. L.

Concerning the Sacred Scripture (De Verbo), An imperfect translation of this posthumous work of Swedenborgs is published in N. J. M. 1790:133.

On the Worship and Love of God. A translation of this work begun, but not finished, in M. K. I:377; II:167.

The Delights of Wisdom respecting Conjugial Love. The beginning of Mr. Clowes translation of this work is published as an appendix to N. J. M. 1790.

The Doctrine of the New Jerusalem concerning Faith. Manchester. 80 pp.

First English edition, translated by the Rev. William Cowherd, and published by the Manchester Pr. Soc.--B. L.

[Anonymous]: A short account of the Hon. Emanuel Swedenborg and his Theological Writings. London. Hindmarsh. 42 pp.

Second edition; a copy in the Library of Congress at Washington.

Swedenborg Triumphant, or intelligence Extraordinary from New Jerusalem; being pious and political dialogues of the living with the dead. Communicated by Peregrinus Spiritualis. Oxford. 172 pp.

A scurrilous and blasphemous assault upon the Church; reviewed in M. K. I:367; R. P., 164.--A. L.

Clowes, Rev. John: Dialogues sur le Nature, le But, et lEvidence des Ecrits Theologiques dEmanuel de Swedenborg. London. Hindmarsh. 160 pp.

Translated into French by Mr. William Gomm, of The Hague.--A. L.

Sermons on Various Subjects. Manchester. 264 pp.--M. K. I:330.

Dawson, Rev. John: Jesus our Elder Brother. In answer to Besors [=Hodsons] notions in his book entitled Jesus Christ the true God and only object of Adoration. Birmingham. 77 pp.

An attack upon the New Church, mentioned in R. P.164. The date and place of publication of this book have hitherto been unknown, but we have recently discovered a copy in the library of Mrs. Mile G. Williams, at Urbana, Ohio.

Hindmarsh, Rev. Robert: A Catechism for the use of the New Church. London. 63 pp.--B. L.

[Liturgical]: Liturgie, on Frmulaire de Pris de la Nouvelle Eglise. London.

This is a translation of Mr. Hindmarshs Order of Worship of 1787. It is published as an appendix to the French edition of Clowes Dialogues.--A. L.

Hymns and Spiritual Songs, for the use of the Lords New Church. London. Hindmarsh. 288 pp.

This is the first New Church Hymn-book, and was composed by the Rev. Joseph Proud within the space of three months.--B. L.

Nordenskjld, Augustus: Frsamlingsformen uti det Nya Jerusalem (The Form of Ecclesiastical Government in the New Jerusalem). Copenhagen. Thiele. 52 pp. 4to.

This singular work was written, professedly, by immediate inspiration from Heaven. It is a remarkable mixture of interior perceptions of truth with absurd and erratic notions. The book was at once interdicted by the Swedish government. It has been reviewed at length in L. 1884, p. 181. See also The Medium, 1851, p. 309, and Sundelin, p. 261.--A. L.

[Periodicals]: The New Jerusalem Magazine, or a Treasury of celestial, spiritual and natural knowledge. London, No. 45 Upper Marybone street. Edited and published by several members of the London Universal Society for the promotion of the New Church.

Only six monthly numbers appeared of this highly interesting journal, which was the first English periodical of the New Church.

An appendix was published in May, 1791. Mr. Henry Servant was editor-in-chief.--R. P.

The New Magazine of Knowledge concerning Heaven and Hell. Vol. I. London. Hindmarsh.

An ably conducted, monthly Magazine, published by a society of gentlemen. Robert Hindmarsh was the editor.R.. P. 108.--A. L.

[Report]: Minutes of a General Conference of the Members of the New Church, held in Great East Cheap, London, 1790. London. Hindmarsh. 15 pp. Reprinted in E. p. 45-57.

[Thorild, Thomas]: True Heavenly Religion Restored and demonstrated upon eternal principles. With a call to Christians of higher sense. By a Philosopher of the North. London. Hindmarsh. 138 pp.

Mentioned in I. 1863: p. 222; N. C. A. 1894:259; Kahl, IV: p. 43; Sundelin, p. 114.--A. L.

Van Hamelsveld, Ysbrand: Briefswyze Verhandeling betreffende het Leven van Emanuel Swedenborg (Letters on the Life of Swedenborg). Amsterdam. Wessing. 100 p.--A. L.

Emanuel Swedenborg, Godgeleerd Samenstel of Kort Uittrekzel uits Mans Schriften (Abstract of Swedenborgs Theological Writings). Amsterdam. Van der Heij. 340 pp.

This is mostly a translation of de la Touches Abrg. A. L.

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS.
Organization of the Irish Wesleyan Conference.

The Constituent Assembly of France abolishes all titles of nobility and decrees the civil constitution of the clergy.

Death of Joseph II., of Austria; his reformatory movements are crushed by papal intrigues.

Naval victory of Gustavus III. over the Russians in the Gulf of Finland. Russia concludes peace with Sweden.

First general organization of the Universalists in America.

Steam navigation is introduced by Fitch on the Delaware, but is soon abandoned.

Death of Benjamin Franklin.

1791. America. Jamaica, Kingston, January 27.--Letter from Rev. Robert Jackson to the New Jerusalem Magazine, he describes his disappointment regarding the American Negros receptivity of the Heavenly Doctrines; the writer is opposed to any sudden emancipation of the slaves.N. J. M. 1791; Appendix p. 308.

Nova Scotia, Halifax, November 19.--Letter from Joseph J. Russell to friends in London, stating that the New Church society in Halifax consisted of members who had separated themselves from the Old Church; the London Liturgy is used in the public worship; meetings are held on Sundays and Fridays; New Church Baptism has been introduced.--R. P. 139.

France. Avignon.--Swedenborgs work on Conjugial Love is forbidden in the Avignon Society, as being a damnable book; the mystico-cabalistic magnetical practices of the members are described in M. K. I.: 406; Sundelin, p. 262; Spences Essays, p. 61.

Germany. Sechausen, February 1.--Letter from Baron Friedrick von Blow, on the New Church in the interior of Africa, published in N. J. M: 1791; app. p. 275.

Great Britain. Birmingham, June 19.--Dedication of the newly built Temple of the New Church in Birmingham, the first New Church house of worship ever erected in this world.

The services are conducted by the Rev. James Hindmarsh, of London, and the Rev. Joseph Proud, the local pastor, both robed in representative garments; worship is held three times during the day before crowded audiences. Among the visitors is the celebrated Unitarian preacher, Dr. Priestley, who on the same day converses with Robert Hindmarsh on the subject of the New Church.

The Temple (which was situated in Newhall street and afterwards became known as Zion Chapel) had been erected at the sole expense of Mr. Samuel Hands, who remains as the owner; the building, the dedication, and the beginning of the New Church in Birmingham, are described in R. P. 128; M. K. II:234; I. 1826:349; 1835:450; N. C. A. 1844:157; M. n. s. XVI:543; M. L. 1889:181.

[Photos of First N. C. Temple in Birmingham.]

(The accompanying cut is from a medallion, struck at the time to celebrate the event and offered for our use by the owner, Mr. Francis W. Doughty, of Kamapo, N. Y.)

July.--The New Church Temple in Birmingham narrowly escapes destruction during a series of politico-religious riots (the Tory riots) directed especially against the Unitarians, whose two churches are demolished by a mob, infuriated by the sympathy which Dr. Priestley and the Unitarians had shown toward the French revolutionary movements. The house and library of Dr. Priestley are destroyed, and with these the first manuscript of his work against the New Church. The Temple of the New Church is also attacked, but is saved by Mr. Proud, who lived in the adjoining house and who, with great presence of mind, scatters among the crowd the last Sundays collection of money, at the same time exclaiming that the New Church was neither Unitarian nor inimical to the government; the mob hereupon disperses, shouting New Jerusalem for ever.--R. P. 131; M. n. s. XII:249; M. L. 1889:182.

Boston.--The society here is increasing in numbers; great activity and an extravagant zeal are shown for a time; the building of a temple is begun, but internal troubles soon arise and retard the progress of the church.--A. I:177. See, also, James Dakeynes History of the Bolton Society, 1888.

Bristol.--The Rev. Robert Brant settles as the pastor of the society here, remaining the minister until 1802.M. L. 1895:168.

Keighley, Yorkshire, September 5.--A provincial conference of New Churchmen is held here; Nordenskjlds Plan of organization is read and rejected; the propriety of a paid ministry is denied;

the unanimous opinion is expressed that no minister should be permitted to baptize an adult person without the consent of the society of which such person intends to become a member; a number of other peculiar resolutions are adopted.--E. p. 131.

Liverpool, October 16.A New Church place of worship is opened in Key street. Great interest is excited in the city by the novelty of the Doctrines, as well as by the superb representative robes of the minister, Mr. Ralph Mather, who, on the same day, is ordained into the priesthood by members of his congregation. (He had previously received a preachers license from the government and from the Great East Cheap Society.)--R. P. 138; G. H. 60; L. 1896:154.

London, April 25-29.--The Third General Conference of members of the New Church in Great Britain is held at Great East Cheap. Mr. Benjamin Banks, of Salisbury, is chosen president, and Robert Hindmarsh secretary. Admission to voting membership in the Conference is restricted to friends of the separate establishment of the New Church. An Executive Committee of twelve persons is appointed. Letters are read from various places in England, Sweden and America. A resolution is adopted placing the Clergy and the Laity on an Equal footing in the deliberations of the Conference. The propriety of consecrating temples is agreed upon, and a form of consecration is adopted. The propriety of Ministers wearing representative garments, while officiating, is also agreed upon and a form of such vestments recommended. Societies in various parts of the Kingdom are recommended to hold provincial conferences. The members of the Church in Great East Cheap form themselves into a particular Society and transfer to the Conference all such powers as they have exercised as the first Society of the New Church. The form of ordination and the list of the ordained ministers are revised. It is resolved that no ordinations are to take place in the future, except by the recommendation of a Society, and by the approbation of the Conference. Consent is given to the ordination of Joseph Proud and Robert Brant.--See Minutes of the meeting, and R. P. 117-126.

May 3.---The Rev. Joseph Proud and Mr. Robert Brant are ordained into the Ministry of the New Church, by Rev; James Hindmarsh--R. P. Appendix.

May 30.--The Executive Committee of the General Conference applies to Parliament for permission to bring in a Bill, allowing the New Church full recognition as a Religious Body, under the Protection of the laws of Toleration. The petitioners, in reply, are recommended to prepare their Bill, but no further steps are taken by the New Church at this time, owing, probably, to the disunion which now set in among the members, and the consequent discontinuance of the General Conferences.--R. P. 127; the full text of the Petition is published in M. K. II:393.

July.--The subject of Re-baptism is discussed in the Magazine of Knowledge, Robert Hindmarsh tersely presents his views in an article containing Fifteen reasons for being re-baptized in the New Church.--M. K. II:302.

September.--The controversy between friends and opponents of the separate establishment of the New Church is growing more and more pronounced. An article presenting Reasons for not separating from the Old Church, by M. H. G., of Manchester, is answered by Hindmarsh and Chastanier in M. K. II:368, 424.

October.--Appearance of Dr. Priestleys Letters to the Members of the New Jerusalem Church, containing a would-be formidable attack on the Heavenly Doctrines. A meeting of the members of the New Church in London is immediately called, and Robert Hindmarsh is requested to prepare a reply to Dr. Priestly; the history of the controversy is given in R. P. 133.

December.--Publication of Robert Hindmarshs Answer to Dr. Priestley.--R. P. 132-134.

During the year Mr. Robert Beatson, of Rotterham, presents a thorough refutation of John Wesleys calumnies against Swedenborg.--M. K. II:80, 91, 204, 257, 328.

Benedict Chastanier issues a proposal to publish Swedenborgs Spiritual Diary, the manuscript of which has been deposed with Chastanier.--N. J. M. 1791, 304.

Manchester, October (about).--A general meeting of Newchurchmen in this city is held to consider the propriety of forming a society, distinct from the Established Church; a great majority decides to withdraw from the Church of England: they form themselves into a separate society and open subscriptions for the building of a temple.--R. P. 145; L. 1893:187; F. S. 3.

Sweden. Stockholm, May 16.--A letter to London from a member of the Exegetic-Philanthropic Society encloses a letter from Prince Charles of Hesse; Admiral Chapman is mentioned as a new receiver of the Doctrines; some of the learned members of the society are at work on a new translation of the Word.R. P. 115.

December.--The society is dissolved toward the close of the year, owing to external persecutions and to the lack of harmony among the members, caused by the introduction of magical and spiritistic practices.Sundelin, 270.

The dissolution of the Exegetic-Philanthropic Society is followed by a long continued state of prostration in the New Church in Sweden, the receivers becoming isolated and each thinking that he is the last remaining member. A few individuals keep up some literary activity, but no organized efforts are made until the year 1796.

For historical accounts of the Exegetic-Philanthropic Society See Kahl, part 3, pp. 78-101; Sundelin, 193-279; C. F. Nordenskjlds Memoirs, M. 34:179, and our sketch in Mess., vol. 72., pp. 73, 91, 112.

PUBLICATIONS.
Swedenborg: Continuation Concerning the Last Judgment. London. Hindmarsh. 80 pp. First English edition, translated and published by Robert Hindmarsh.--A. L.

De Cultu et Amore Dei. Pars II (On the Worship and Love of God, and Part). London. Hindmarsh. 4to. 26 pp.

Second Latin edition, edited and published by R. Hindmarsh.--A. L.

Det Nya Jerusalems Lra om Herren (Doctrine concerning the Lord). Copenhagen. Thiele. 90 pp. First Swedish edition, published at the expense of Baron Liljencrantz.--R. L.

The Apocalypse Revealed. 2 vols. Manchester. Wheeler. First English edition, translated by Dr. Tucker, of Hull, and published by the Manchester Pr. Soc.--A. L.

The Doctrine of Life for the New Jerusalem. London. Hindmarsh. 147 pp. This, on the title page, is called Fourth English edition; the second edition was published in 1785; we have never seen any third edition.--A. L.

The Doctrine of the New Jerusalem Concerning the Lord. London. Hindmarsh. Third English edition.--N. Y. L.

The Doctrine of the New Jerusalem concerning the Sacred Scriptures. London. Hindmarsh. 214 pp. Third English edition.--A. L.

[Anonymous]: Hufvundgrunder til Christendomen i sin Renhet (Fundamentals of Christianity in its purity.) Copenhagen. Thiele. 40 pp. A very interesting New Church Catechism; the unknown author appears to have been a clergyman of the Established Church of Sweden.--A. L.

[Beyer, Rev. Gabriel A.]: Andelig Vgvisare fr Barn och Ynglingar (A Spiritual Guide for Children and Young People). Copenhagen. Thiele. 176 pp. A New Church Catechism, published at the expense of Mr. Mannerfelt twelve years after the death of the author.--Kahl. 3:14; R. P. 114.--A. L.

[Chastanier, Benedict]: Emanuel Swedenborgs New Years Gift to His Readers. London. 40 pp. A very peculiar publication, written as if by Swedenborgs spirit; it affirms the separate organization of the New Church, but denies the eternal duration of the hells. This position, and the whole style and tone of the pamphlet, prove Chastanier as the author; he afterwards receded from this error.--A. L.

[Circular]: Reasons for an Application to Parliament, by the Members of a Religious Community called The New Church. London. Hindmarsh. 19 pp. Small folio. A very interesting document, drawn up by R. Hindmarsh.--S. S. L.

Cowherd, Rev. William: The Prisoners Select Manual of Devout Exercises. Manchester. Swindells. 82 pp.--A. L.

Hartley, Rev. Thomas: The Doctrine of a Divine Trinity in the Divine Nature, defended. London. E. Hodson. 69 pp. The second edition; mentioned in N. C. M. 1891:134.

[Liturgical]: Forms for Public Worship According to the Principles of the New Church. New edition. London. Hindmarsh. Advertised in N. J. M. 1791:305.

[Periodical]: The New Magazine of Knowledge. Vol. II. London. Hindmarsh. This useful and interesting journal ceased in October, 1791.--R. P. 108.--A. L.

Priestley, Rev. Joseph: Letters to the members of the New Jerusalem Church, formed by Baron Swedenborg. Birmingham. J. Thompson. 70 pp. A Unitarian attack on the New Church; we have
found a copy of this extremely rare publication in the Library of Harvard University, Cambridge, and another in the library of Captain James, of Urbana, O.

Proud, Rev. Joseph: A Candid Reply to Dr. Priestleys Letters to the Members of the New Jerusalem Church. Birmingham. Belcher. 82 pp.--A. L.

Two Discourses delivered at the opening nad consecration of the New Jerusalem Temple in Birmingham. Birmingham. Belcher. 47 pp.--A. L.

[Report]: Minutes of a General Conference of the Members of the New Church, held in London, April, 1791. London. Hindmarsh. 16 pp.--Reproduced in E. p. 61.

Von Walden, Frederick: r det frsvarligt infr Gud att smda Swedenborgs Skrifter? (Is it defensible before God to calumniate Swedenborgs Writings?). Copenhagen. Thiele.--R. L.

Ofrgripliga Tankar i anledning af Professor Mllers Tankar om Swedenborgianismen (Frank views on Prof. Mailers Thoughts on the subject of Swedenborgianism) Copenhagen Thiele. 16 pp.A. L.

Tankar om Sttet att bifva lycklig (Thoughts on the mode of securing happiness). Copenhagen. Thiele. 8 pp.--A. L.

[Tybeck, Rev. Johan]: En Samling af utvalda och grundrika Predikningar (A collection of selected and original discourses). Copenhagen. Thiele. 360 pp.R. L.

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS.
Death of John Wesley, the founder of the Methodist Church (March 2).

Death of the Countess of Huntingdon, the patroness of George Whitefield, and organizer of the Lady Huntingdons Connection of Calvinistic Methodists.

Publication of The Rights of Man, by Thomas Paine.

Death of Johann Semler, professor at Halle and founder of modern Biblical criticism.

Death of Johann David Michaels, the eminent German theologian and orientalist.

Death of Mozart, the German composer.

The royal family of France attempts to escape abroad, but is captured and imprisoned. Avignon is taken from the pope by the French revolutionists.

The Legislative Assembly is constituted. Death of Mirabeau.

Peace is concluded between Austria and Poland.

Insurrection of the Negroes in Hayti against the whites.

Galvani publishes his discoveries in animal electricity.

1792. America. Baltimore, April 1.--The Rev. James Wilmer, an Episcopal clergyman, preaches the first New Church sermon ever delivered in America.R. P. 152.

April 10.Letter from Mr. Christian Kramer to R. Hindmarsh, describing the rise of the New Church in Baltimore, where a society of twenty-two persons is now existing.--R. P. 150.

April 23.Letter from the Rev. James Wilmer, describing his reception of the Heavenly Doctrines, and his present exertions in their behalf.--R. P. 153; Mess. vol. 62:257.

April 25.--letter from the Society in Baltimore to the London Society, giving further particulars as to the movement.--R. P. ibid.

Col. Robert Carter takes up his residence in Baltimore, where he becomes the leader of the Church and the supporter of Mr. Wilmer. He organizes the receivers into a very peculiar Independent Congregation.--Mess. 1856:186; also vol. 47:186; vol. 62:249, 250, 403, 415.

Bath, Maine.--The Doctrines are introduced here by Dr. Cummings, a Baptist clergyman. They are received first by a Mr. Allen, of Bath.--Mess. vol. 52:70.

New York.--Dr. Joseph Russell, formerly the leader of the New Church in Halifax, N. S., removes to New York. He is the first New Churchman in that city.--N. I:401.

Philadelphia.--The Rev. Ralph Mather, of Liverpool, settles in Germantown. He institutes the first regular meetings for worship in this city. The members here are becoming more active, and publish several works. The state among them is described in N. I:399-402; M. 44:178.

Germany.--Nordenskj1ds Frsamlingsformen is translated into German and published in Dr. F. Mnters Magazine fr Kirchengeschichte des Nordens.Sundelin, 262.

Great Britain. Bolton.--Death of John Walmsley, the chief supporter of the New Church in this town.--A. I:135.

Bristol.--A New Church place of worship is opened here, with the Rev. Robert Brant as minister.--R. P. 139.

Liverpool, May or June.--Mr. Mather resigns from the pastorate, intending to emigrate to America. Before leaving, he ordains C. W. Leadbeater, of Chester, into the Ministry of the New Church.-- G. N. 60.

Mr. Mather is succeeded as pastor by the Rev. Wm. Hill, an ordained clergyman of the Church of England, but an ardent New Churchman, who, for a time, preaches with great success until, suddenly, a split occurs in the Society, Mr. Hill and the wealthier members withdrawing from external connection with the New Church. The remaining members remove from the chapel in Key street, and obtain a room in Marble street, where worship is conducted by Rev. C. W. Leadbeater.--G. H. ibid.

London.--Johanna Swedenborg, an orphaned grand-niece of Emanuel Swedenborg, resides at this time in London, and is supported at school by the charity of some New Churchmen.--Spences Essays, p. 43; N. J. J. 72.

Peter Prove again visits Richard Shearsmith and obtains from him additional testimonies respecting Swedenborg. These appeared first in N. C. M. 1885:381.

The feelings between separationists and anti-separationists are very bitter at this time, as may appear from the controversies on the subject in The New Jerusalem Journal and in Dr. Spences Essays.

January.--Publication of the first number of The New Jerusalem Journal, a monthly magazine, edited and published by Robert Hindmarsh.--R. P. 139.

Among the most interesting articles in this journal may be mentioned one on The necessity of a new translation of the Word, by Hindmarsh, and the controversy on the nature of the LORDS resurrection-body.--N. J. J. 7, 30-36.

April 9-13.--The fourth General Conference of members of the New Church is held at Great East Cheap. Mr. Anthony Hunt, of Bristol, is elected president, and Robert Hindmarsh, secretary. A committee of Directors is appointed to manage and direct the affairs of the Church at large. Resolutions are adopted recommending various measures for the organization and representation of the individual societies. Mr. Samuel Hands, of Birmingham, recommends that each society form itself into a trading company. The Conference is distinctly divided into a majority and a minority, the latter objecting to the democratic spirit which prevails in the assembly. Robert Hindmarsh reads a paper, signed by the members of the minority, warning against democratic rule, and favoring an episcopal form of government for the New Church. The minority virtually withdraws from the Conference. The minutes, of which two differing editions are published, are signed only by the members of the majority--R. P. 140-142; E. pp. xxvii-xxxi; pp. 139-153.

May 13.--Soon after this Conference the members of the Great East Cheap Society, with the exception of Robert Hindmarsh and six others, leave the chapel, and engage a temporary place of worship in Store street, Tottenham Court Road, with the Rev. Manoah Sibly as pastor.

Hindmarsh, with his friends, keep the chapel in Great East Cheap open for worship for a little over a year.--R. P. 143.

[Photo of Rev. Manoah Sibly.]

The causes of this division were differences of opinion as to the orderly form of government for the Church, and Mr. Hindmarshs attempt to enforce his own views on this subject.--E. p. xxxii; N. C. K. 1853:545; R. R. 96, 112, 113.

Manchester. -- The friends of the separate establishment of the New Church, early in the spring of this year, begin to erect a temple in Peter street.R. P. 145.

Sweden.--Augustus Nordenskjld undertakes a scientific expedition to Africa, Arriving at Sierra Leone he sets out on a journey towards the interior, but is robbed of all his possessions and expires alone, at Port Logo, either from exhaustion or from maltreatment.--D. I:642; Sundelin, 263; Mess. vol. 71:410. I. 1866:531.

The popular feeling against Swedenborgians is increased by the connection which Aug. Nordenskjld and some other receivers had had with the kings alchemistic gold-factory, which at this time, through an unworthy royal favorite, Count Munck, had become an establishment for the coining of spurious Swedish money. The Newchurchmen, however, were proved innocent of any connection with this crime.Sundelin, 265.

PUBLICATIONS.
Swedenborg: An Hieroglyphic Key to Natural and Spiritual Mysteries. London. Hindmarsh. 83 pp.

First English edition, translated and published by Robert Hindmarsh.--A. L.

Arcana Coelestia. Vol. 5. London. Hindmarsh. 451 pp. First English edition.--A. L.

Nine Questions respecting the Trinity. Baltimore, Samuel and John Adams. First American edition, published together with Sandels Eulogium.R. P. 152.

Swedenborg on the Trinity. (Extracts): Baltimore. Adams. Sold for 6 d. Advertised in the Baltimore Liturgy of 1792.

The Doctrine of Life for the New Jerusalem. London. Hindmarsh. 123 pp. Fifth English edition.--A. L.

The Doctrine of Life for the New Jerusalem. Philadelphia. Francis Bailey. 140 pp.--A. L. First American edition; contains also Mr. Duches preface and 14 pages of extracts from Heaven and Hell.

The New Jerusalem and its Heavenly Doctrine. Bradforth. 127 pp. Fifth English edition.--A. L. It was distributed gratis.N. I:539.

The True Christian Religion. Vol. 2. Philadelphia. Bailey. 478 pp. First American edition.--A. L.

[Anonymous]: A Short Account of the Hon. Emanuel Swedenborg, (founder of the New Jerusalem Doctrines), and his Theological Writings. Baltimore. S. and J. Adams. Sold for 11 d. Advertised in the Baltimore Liturgy for 1792.

Some Short Strictures, addressed to the members of the New Jerusalem Church, occasioned by reading Dr. Priestleys Letters. By a reader of Baron Swedenborg. London. M. Sibly. 28 pp. The author was probably Dr. Wm. Spence. (See his Essays, p. 95.)--A. L.

Bellamy, John: Jesus Christ the only God. Addressed to Dr. Priestley. London. M. Sibly. 119 pp.

The author was at this time an artive member of the New Church. He afterwards became famous as the author of an independent (but not New Church) translation of the scriptures.--A. L.

Clowes, Rev. John: An Address from the Translator of the Theological Writings of Baron Swedenborg, intended to point out the general design and tendency of those writings, and particularly to show that they do not authorize the readers in a separation, at the present time, from external communion with other professed Christians. Manchester. Mentioned in Comptons Life of Clowes, p. 53.

Hindmarsh, Rev. Robert: Letters to Dr. Priestley, containing Proofs of the Sole, Supreme and Exclusive Divinity of Jesus Christ, and of the Divine Mission of Emanuel Swedenborg. London. Hindmarsh. 395 pp. This is one of the most able polemical works ever written in defense of the New Church. It has been reviewed in I. 1835:405, and has seen many editions.--A. L.

[Liturgical]: The Liturgy of the New Church, together with Hymns. Baltimore. Samuel and John Adams. 343 pp. 7x4 The Fourth Edition, and the first New Church Liturgy published in America. This is a reprint of Hindmarshs Liturgy and Catechism and Prouds Hymns. It was published at the expense of Col. Robert Carter.--N. I:540; III: 232; M. 44:178; Mess. vol. 62:250. A copy is preserved in the library of Rev. Frank Sewall.

[Periodical]: The New Jerusalem Journal, or Treasury of Divine Knowledge; being a Repository of Miscellaneous Essays and Productions, relative to the True Christian Religion, as professed and maintained by the members of the New Church. London. Hindmarsh. 464 pp. A monthly journal, edited and published by Robert Hindmarsh, from January to October, 1792.--R. P. 139.--A. L.

Proud, Rev. Joseph: General Proofs that the Second Advent of the Lord hath taken place. Bristol. W. Pine. 33 pp.A. L.

Jesus Christ the Supreme Head of His Church. Birmingham. J. Belcher. 20 pp.--A. L.

The Nature of True Greatness. A Sermon. Manchester. C. Wheeler. 14 pp.--Cin. L.

Twenty Sermons on the Doctrines and Truths of the Lords New Church. Birmingham. Belcher. 302 pp.--B. L.

[Reports]: Minutes of a General Conference of the Members of the New Church, held in London, April 9th to 13th, 1792. London. 15 pp. Reprinted in E. p. 75.

Minutes of a General Conference of the Members of the New Church, held in London, in Easter week, 1792. London. R. Hindmarsh. 15 pp. This report differs in many respects from the one preceding. See E. pp. xxvii-xxxi, 75, 139.

Sibly, Rev. Manoah: Three Sermons preached at the New Jerusalem Church, in Store street, Tottenham Court Road, London, May 20th, 27th, and June 3d, 1792. London. Hindmarsh. 67 pp.--A. L.

An Answer to the important question. Who is the Lord? London. Hindmarsh. Mentioned in N. J. M. London. 1826:2.

Spence, William, M. D: Essays in Divinity and Physics. With an Exposition of Animal Magnetism and Magic, and an Appendix concerning the Impolicy of Separating, at present, from Communion with the Established Church. London. Hindmarsh. 108 pp. A curious but highly entertaining work, throwing valuable side-lights upon the contemporary history of the New Church.--A. L.

Wetherill, Samuel: The Divinity of Jesus Christ proved, being a reply to Dr. Priestleys Appeal to the Serious, with some observations upon Arianism. Philadelphia. F. Bailer and Th. Lang. 68 pp.--Cin. L.

Wilmer, Rev. James: A Sermon on the Doctrine of the New Jerusalem Church: being the first promulgated within the United States. Baltimore. W. Goddard. 24 pp. Dedicated to Robert Carter, Esq.--Cin. L.

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS.
Foundation of the Baptist Missionary Society for the East and West Indies, by William Cary, at Nottingham. This marks the beginning of a general awakening of zeal for missionary work for the Gentile world.

Johanna Southcott, an English prophetess, creates much excitement by her pretended revelations; her numerous followers organize the sect of Southcottians, or New Israelites.

Publication of The Rights of Man, by Thomas Paine.

Death of Bishop Spangenberg, the successor of Zinzendorf, and the organizer of the Moravian Church in America.

The property of French migrs is confiscated. The guillotine is introduced. War is declared against Austria, Prussia and Sardinia. The Insurrectionary Commune is established at Paris. The Tuileries are attacked and the royal family imprisoned. The first Revolutionary Tribunal is established by the Jacobins. The September massacres in Paris follow. France is declared a Republic by the National Convention, Sept. 21st. Louis XVI. is placed on trial. The French army occupies Belgium and Savoy. Russia makes peace with Turkey and invades Poland.

Gustavus III. is shot by Anckarstrm at a masked ball, March 15th. He is succeeded on the throne of Sweden by his son, Gustavus IV. Adolphus.

1793. America. Baltimore, January 22.--The members of the New Church present a copy of the True Christian Religion to General Washington, then President of the United States, together with an address, assuring the President of the exalted esteem of the signers. To this the President returns a reply, expressing appreciation of this testimony of esteem and confidence, referring all glory to the overruling Providence, and concluding with good wishes for the signers.--R. P. 154; A. I:52. See New Churchman Extra App. pxxx.

With this may be compared the statement, made by a member of the Washington family, that the General, in his last years, was a reader of Swedenborgs Writings. (Reported by the Rev. P. B. Cabell, in Mess., vol. 62:75.)

New York.--The first meetings of New Church people in New York are held this year; the circle consists of Dr. Russell, of Halifax, N. S., and the families of Bragg and Mott, from Birmingham, and Banks, from Norwich, England.--Mess. 1856:159; vol. 24:225; M. n. s. xvi:544.

Great Britain. Birmingham, March 10.--A second attempt is made to destroy the temple of the New Church, unknown persons throwing a hand-grenade through one of the windows, thereby destroying a large and costly baptismal form of gilded cut-glass, and burning several of the pews. An address of sympathy is sent to Mr. Proud, the pastor, by the prominent citizens of Birmingham.A. L. 1889:182; M. n. s. xii:249.

April 1 and 2.--A fifth General Conference is held at Birmingham by such members of the New Church as uphold the principles adopted by the majority in the Conference of 1792. Mr. Samuel Mann, of Birmingham, is elected president, and Mr. Charles Leadbeater, of Chester, secretary; resolutions are adopted, affirming the principle of majority rule, and placing disobedient societies under general censure; rebaptism into the New Church is declared non-essential; Rev. William Cowherd (or Coward, as the name is printed in the Minutes) appears to have been the ruling spirit of the Conference.--E. 93.

Soon after this Conference the temple in Birmingham is sold, owing to the financial failure of the proprietor, Mr. Samuel Hands; several families emigrate to America (New York); after seven months the remaining members erect a new, smaller chapel, in Paradise street, on the site of the present Queens College.I. 1826:349; Mess. vol. 24:225; M. n. s. xvi:543; M. L. 1889:181.

Bolton.--The members of the New Church, sixteen in number, erect a small chapel, adjoining the residence of Rev. Mr. Bullock, in Bullock street, a minister of All Saints Church and a reader of the Writings; they continue here until 1797.I. 1847:159; J. D. p 4.

Washington.--The Heavenly Doctrines are introduced here by Mr. Richard Ashworth, who had received them from Mr. Bradley, of Liverpool, a convert of Kalph Mathers.--M. L. 1890:196.

Keighley, May 22.--A Provincial meeting, held here, adopts an hierarchical form of Church government, in conformity with the plan proposed by the London Conference of 1793.--E. P. 211.

London, April 1-5.--Another fifth General Conference is held at Great East Cheap by the minority in the Conference of 1792. James Hindmarsh is president, and Robert Hindmarsh, secretary. The Episcopal form of government is strongly emphasized at this meeting, and a trine in the Ministry is adopted, but is not carried into effect, except, for a short time, at Keighley. After this meeting no General Conference is held in England until the year 1807.

A state of general disunion, weakness and inactivity now sets in upon the New Church in Great Britain.N. C. R. 1853:546; R. P. 155-157; R. R. 115; E. 157-210.

May 12.--Mr. Siblys congregation removes from Store street to Red Cross street, Crippiegate; the Society is more formally organized and a new Liturgy is adopted.I. 1812:199; R. P. 143.

December.--The chapel in Great East Cheap is given up by the remaining members of the original society, who hereafter keep together by meeting at each others houses, until the year 1796.--R. P. 157, 166; R. R. 113.

[Picture of Temple in Peter street, Manchester.] Manchester, August 11.--The New Church Temple in Peter street is formally opened by Rev. William Cowherd, the pastor, assisted by Rev. Joseph Proud, of Birmingham. Mr. Proud remains here for a time, as assistant minister, and preaches with great success, but is soon forced to resign, owing to Mr. Cowherds intense jealousy, and returns to Birmingham.I. 1826:349; R. P. 79, 147; G. H. 69; F. S. I. 3.

Wigan.--Three believers in the Heavenly Doctrines organize as a society and lay the foundation of a New Church here; they meet together in a house on Starvation Brow.--M. L. 1893:466.

Sweden. Skfde, January 13.--Death of the Rev. Arvid Ferelius, the clergyman who administered the last communion to Swedenborg. During his latter years Ferelius became an ardent receiver of the Doctrines. His eldest daughter married Mr. C. J. Schnherr, a liberal financial supporter of the New Church in Sweden; another daughter married Mr. Gustaf J. Billberg, president of the Society Pro Fide et Charitate, and a third daughter married Dr. Levin Olbers, the most prominent of the New Churchmen in Gottenburg.

See Carlsons History of the Swedish Church in London, p. 153; also D. I:704.

PUBLICATIONS.
Bliss, Thomas: the Scripture Doctrine of the absolute essential Deity of our LORD Jesus Christ, plainly explained. Yarnscombe. Devonshire. The Author of this New Church work was Vicar of Ashford and Yarnscombe; the book is mentioned in N. C. A. 1843:259.

Clowes, Rev. John: Sermons preached at the Parish Church of St. John, Manchester. Vol. I. London. Hodson. 272 pp.--Cin. L.

The Character of the Young Christian. London. Hodson. 12 pp.--A. L.

Johansn, Christian: Om det Andeliga i Verlden. (On the spiritual in the World). Copenhagen. 45 pp. An open letter to a Swedish clergyman who had received the Heavenly Doctrines; the author holds that the Old Christian Church, by an unconscious permeation of new truth, will become the real New Jerusalem. Sundelin. 279--A. L.

[Liturgical]: The Liturgy of the LORDSNew Church, formed upon that of the Church of England. Manchester. C. Wheeler. 400 pp. Compiled by Rev. William Cowherd; it is severely criticized in R. P. 146; Mess. vol. 36:359; a copy is preserved in the library of Rev. Frank Sewall.

[Reports]: Minutes of a General Conference of the New Church, held in Birmingham. April 1, 2. Birmingham. Belcher. 8 pp.--Reprinted in E. 93.

Minutes of a General Conference of the members of the New Church, held in London in Easter week, 1793. London. Hindmarsh. 56 pp.--Reprinted in E. 157.

Von Walden, Frederick: Upplysning om Swedenborgs Skrifter. (Information respecting the writings of Swedenborg). Copenhagen. Thiele. 215 pp.--A. L.

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS.
Beginning of Washingtons second administration.

The right of voting at elections is restored to the Roman Catholics of England.

Execution of Louis XVI., Jan. 21. A grand coalition against France is formed by England, Austria, Prussia, the German Empire, Holland, Spain, Naples and other States. Danton, Marat and Robespierre inaugurate the Reign of Terror. Outbreak of a great royalist insurrection in the Vendees. The Committee of Public Safety is instituted. The Girondists fall. Marat is assassinated by Charlotte Corday, July 13th. Toulon is taken by the English. The revolutionary Calendar is introduced. Terrible massacres are committed at Lyons. Marie Antoinette is executed, Oct. 16th. The Worship of Reason is decreed by the Convention, Nov. 10th. Napoleon Bonaparte recaptures Toulon from the English. The French Republic is excommunicated by the Pope.

Second partition of Poland by Russia and Prussia.

1794. America. Bedford. Pa.--The circle of receivers in this place is described in N. III:232.

[Photo of Rev. William Hill.]

Boston Mass.The Rev. William Hill, of Liverpool, emigrates to America, and resides, at first, in or near Boston, where he publishes a number of New Church works, and deposits a set of the Arcana Coelestia in the Library of Harvard College.--L. 1896:103, 104 ; N. I:538.

During his residence here, the Doctrines are received by Dr. Samuel Brown, Dr. James Mann, Miss Margaret Cary and a Mr. Craigie.Mess. vol. 47:130.

Philadelphia.--The New Church meetings here still continue under the leadership of Ralph Mather, who also administers the sacrament of Baptism.--N. I:72.

A laudatory poem On The Hon. Emanuel Swedenborgs Universal Theology, by the poet, Philip Frenau, is published by Mr. Bailey in his Freemans Journal.--M. n. s. ix:652.

West Indies.--Death of the Rev. Robert Jackson, in Jamaica.--O. I:311.

Great Britain. London.Robert Hindmarsh makes an unsuccessful attempt to establish an institution for the gratis distribution of the Word and the Writings of the New Church among the poor.--R. P. 167.

Keighley. June 9, 10.--A Council of members of the New Church is held here. The regulations adopted at the provincial conference of 1793 are confirmed. Notes on the spiritual sense of the Ten Commandments are selected from the Writings for the settling of possible disputes respecting doctrines, etc. The Rev. Joseph Wright is Superior Ecclesiastic Governor of the Province of Yorkshire, and William Waterhouse is Chief Civil Governor over the Church in the same district. It does not appear that any further provincial councils were held.--E. 215.

PUBLICATIONS.
Swedenborg: A General Explication of the Decalogue. London. Hindmarsh. 185 pp. Translated from the Apocalypsis Explicata by Rev. William Hill.--A. L.

Angelic Wisdom concerning the Divine Love and Wisdom. Boston. Folsom & Andrews. First American edition, published by Rev. William Hill.--N. I:540.--B. L.

Arcana Coelestia. Vol. I., nos. 1-319. Boston. J. Belknap. A tentative publication by Mr. Hill. Nothing further appeared.--A. L.

A Treatise on the Nature of Influx. Boston. Thomas & Andrews. 174 pp. First American edition, published by Mr. Hill.--A. L.

Den Nya Himmelens och den Nya Frsamlingens Tro. (The Faith of the New Heaven and of the New Church). Copenhagen. 4 pp. 4to.--R. L.

A sheet, containing the introduction to the True Christian Religion.

Extracts from the Theological Works of the Hon. Emanuel Swedenborg. London. Hindmarsh. 230 pp.--R. L.

On the New Jerusalem and its Heavenly Doctrine. Boston. Thomas Hall. 127 pp. First American edition, published by Mr. Hill.--B. L.

The Delights of Wisdom respecting Conjugial Love. London. Hindmarsh. 4to. 523 pp. First English edition, translated by Rev. John Clowes and published by the Manchester Printing Society. A. L.

[Anonymous]: A Short Paraphrase on the Lords Prayer, by a member of the Lords New Church, who was taught the same by the Lord Himself appearing to him, in His Humanity, on Sabbath evening, May 29th, 1791. Hull. T. Briggs. 20 pp.--Cin. L.

The unknown author, who here claims the privilege of an immediate Divine Revelation, signs himself T. N, with the additional letters, N. E. M. which, possibly, stand for Tucker, Nathaniel, Nov Ecclesi Minister. This, however, is merely conjectural.

Kort Efterretning om de wigtigste Lrdomme i Herrens Nye Kirke (A Short Account of the most important teachings in the LORDS New Church). Copenhagen. Translated from the English by P. Selmer.--C. L.

Clowes, Rev. John: Dialogues on the Nature of the Sacraments. Boston. 94 pp. Published by Mr. Hill. Copy in Harvard Library.

[Fordyce, Rev.]: An Inquiry into the Commission and Doctrine of the new apostle, Emanuel Swedenborg. By a member of the Old Church. Manchester. 68 pp. A scandalous perversion of the truth. The author was an Independent Minister, who afterwards became a Deist.--R. P. 164; I. 1821:521.

Hindmarsh, Rev. James: A New Dictionary of Correspondences, Representations, etc., or of the Spiritual significations of words and sentences in the Holy Scriptures. London. Hindmarsh. 348 pp.I. 1847:160.--A. L.

Hindmarsh, Rev. Robert: The Plan and Design of a Society purposed to be instituted for the free distribution of Bibles, and of the Writings of the Hon. Emanuel Swedenborg. London. Hindmarsh--S. S. L.

Holden, J.: The Divinity of the Redeemer. Boston. Published by Mr. Hill.--N. I:540.

[Liturgical]: The Order of Worship of the Society of the New Church Meeting at Red Cross Street, London. London. Printed for the Society. 126 pp. A copy is preserved in the library of Captain James, of Urbana, O.

Nicholson, George: Essays on the most essential subjects, particularly on the Divine Humanity of the Lord, etc., together with an introductory Preface for the promulgation of the New Jerusalem Church. London. Hindmarsh.148 pp.--A. L.

Provo, Peter: Aphorisms of Wisdom [=Wisdoms Dictates]. Boston. Folsom. 214 pp. Published by Mr. Hill.

[Report]: Minutes of a Council of the Members of the New Church, held at Keighley, June 9th and 10th, 1794. London. Hindmarsh. 16 pp. Reprinted in E. 217.

Sibly, Rev. Manoah: The Lord, our Father in the Heavens. A sermon. London. Hindmarsh. 28 pp.A. L.

Wadström, C. B.: Essay on Colonization in Sierra Leone and Boulama. London. Hindmarsh. 196 pp.A. L.

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS.
The Whisky insurrection in Pennsylvania. Thomas Paine published his The Age of Reason.

Execution of Danton and Camille Desmoulins, April 5th. The Fte de ltre Suprme, in Paris, June 8th. Execution of Robespierre and his followers, July 28th. End of the Reign of Terror. Victories of Jourdan and Pichegru over the Austrians. Naval victories of the English over the French fleet.

A great rising of the Polish people, led by Kosciuzko, is put down by the combined armies of Russia, Prussia and Austria.

Death of Gibbon, the historian, and of Lavoisier, the French chemist.

1795. Africa. The English-Swedish anti-slavery colony at Boulama, on the coast of Sierra Leone, which had been founded by Wadström and Nordenskjld, is destroyed by French privateers. Most of the colonists are killed; among those that escape is the famous Swedish botanist, Adam Afzelius, an ardent Newchurchman, who finally arrives in Sweden, after many adventures and sufferings.

Charles B. Wadström hereupon repairs to France, to demand satisfaction from the Republic; this is refused, but Wadström himself is appointed chief director of the agricultural bank of Paris.--Sundelin, 263; B. von Beskows Memoir of C. B. Wadström, 218-224.

America. Baltimore.--The Rev. James Wilmer, discouraged at the slow reception of the Heavenly Doctrines, returns to the Protestant Episcopal Church. Mr. Robert Carter now keeps up the worship of the New Church in his own house, where he preaches and administers the Sacraments. Mr. Mather, still residing in Philadelphia, occasionally visits the Society in Baltimore.--Ex. 75; M. 43:477.

Rev. Adam Fonerden, a former Methodist preacher, receives the Doctrines at this time.M. 14:183.

New York, August 3.--Rev. William Hill, now residing in the neat Dutch village of Flat Bush, Long Island, in a letter to Mr. Fonerden, describes the state in New York as not favorable to the reception of the Doctrines.Ibid. p. 184.

Mr. Hill, in a letter to Mr. Carter, mentions the intention of Rev. Joseph Proud to come over to America, as he had now severed his connection with the Birmingham society.--M. n. s. xvi:291.

December 16.--Mr. Hill, in a letter to Mr. Fonerden, mentions his intention to return to Boston and thence to England; he has advertised the Writings in the newspapers of New York, and has placed copies in the various public libraries.--M. 14:185.

Philadelphia, April 24.--Francis Bailey, in a letter to Mr. Carter, mentions certain persecutions which he has suffered on account of his publication of the New Church works.--M. n. s. xvi:290.

Steubenville, O.--Mr. William Grant, who has received the Doctrines from Francis Bailey, removes to Ohio, and becomes the founder of the Steubenville society.--N. J. Miss. 176.

Great Britain. Nothing remarkable appears to have occurred in England, relative to the New Church, during the year.--R. P. 168.

Birmingham, February 8.--Henry Barry Peacock is ordained into the Ministry of the New Church, by Joseph Proud.--R. P. Appendix.

Manchester, December.--Mr. Clowes, in a letter to William Hill, describes the desolate state of the New Church in England: for a time, at least, the dissemination of the Doctrines is suspended.M. 30:103.

Switzerland. Basle.--A Private and honorable society of readers of Swedenborg is formed here, for the purpose of publishing the Writings in German. Herr Donat, a Swiss clergyman, is the translator.--Conv. R. 1853:43.

PUBLICATIONS.
Swedenborg: nglavisheten om den Gudomliga Krleken och Visheten. (Angelic wisdom concerning the Divine Love and Wisdom). Copenhagen. Thiele. 456 pp. First Swedish edition, translated by Professor P. Falk, and published by Baron Liljencrantz. See 15th Report of the Manchester Printing Society.--A. L.

Arcana Coelestia. Vol. VI. London. Hindmarsh. 545 pp. First English edition.--A. L.

Beschluss oder Anhang zur Wahren Christlichen Religion (The Coronis). Basel. S. Flick. 30 pp.

First German edition, published as appendix to the True Christian Religion.--N. Y. L.

Den Sanna Christna Religion (The True Christian Religion). Copenhagen. Thiele. 3 vols. 1827 pp. First Swedish edition, translated by the Rev. Jonas Pehrson Odhner, dean of Wadsbo and Lyrestad, near Skara. This Lutheran clergyman, as also his son, grandson and great-grandson, have been closely connected with the New Church.--A. L.

Die Ganze Theologie der Neuen Kirche (The universal Theology of the New Church). Basel. S. Flick. 2 vols. 1733 pp.

Second German edition, translated by Pastor Donat and published by a society in Basel. The first volume contains 40 pages of extracts from the latter part of Conjugial Love, the second volume contains 48 pages of extracts from Arcana Coelestia.I. 1830:6.--N. Y. L.

Frslag till vrt Mynts och Mls indelning (Proposition for the regulation of the coinage). Stockholm. The second edition.--N. Y. L.

Hieroglyphisk clav till Andliga och Naturliga Hemlighter. (Hieroglyphic Key). Stockholm. First Swedish edition.--R. L.

Prodromus concerning the Infinite. Manchester. 188 pp. First English edition, translated by Rev. Cowherd.--A. L.

The Doctrine of the New Jerusalem concerning the Sacred Scripture. Boston. Folsom. 194 pp. First American edition, published by Rev. William Hill.--N. I:540--B. L.

The Doctrine of the New Jerusalem concerning the Sacred Scripture. Boston. Folsom. 186 pp. First American edition, published by Rev. William Hill.N. I:ibid.A. L.

The True Christian Religion. London. Hindmarsh. I vol. 4to. 729 pp. Third English edition.--A. L.

[Anonymous]: Nya Kyrkans Cateches (The Catechism of the New Church). Copenhagen. Thiele. 24 pp.--R. L.

Clowes, Rev. John: A Letter of exhortation and admonition to all such as cordially receive the Testimony of the Hon. Emanuel Swedenborg. Philadelphia. Francis Bailey. 24 pp. The author here argues against separation from the Old Church. The pamphlet was published by Robert Carter, of Baltimore.M. n. s. xvi:290.--A. L.

Dialogues on the Nature, Design and Evidence of the Theological Writings of the Hon. Emanuel Swedenborg. Second edition. London. Hindmarsh. 285pp.--B.L.

[Tybeck, Rev. Johan]: Predikan innehllande Bevis att den gngbara Lran r falsk (Sermon, showing that the generally accepted Doctrine is false). Copenhagen. Thiele.--A. L.

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS.
Foundation of the London Missionary Society; the first African Mission is established.

Unitarianism is now making great progress among the Presbyterian Churches in England.

Foundation of Union College, at Schenectady, N. Y.

The French complete the conquest of Holland and proclaim the Batavian Republic.

Belgium is annexed, and Germany invaded by the French.

Bonaparte subdues a royalist rising in Paris. Installation of the Directory.

Final partition of Poland between Russia, Prussia and Austria. Stanislaus Poniatowski resigns the crown.

The English take the Dutch colony of the Cape of Good Hope.

1796. America. Bedford, Pa., February 28.--Death of Miss Hetty Barclay, the first New Church woman known in the history of the Church. Her biography is published in N. III:231.

Boston, February.--Rev. William Hill pays a second visit to Boston; the small circle of receivers here is described in M. 30:393.

June 2.--Mr. Hill returns to England.--M. 74:187.

Lancaster, Pa.--Baron Heinrich von Blow, brother of the General von Blow of Waterloo fame, settles in America, and is very active in spreading a knowledge of the Doctrines in and about Lancaster.--N. II:40; Mess. vol. 47:39; M. n. s. xvii:145, 304.

Great Britain. London, May 5.--Robert Hindmarsh, Richard Thompson, Ralph Hall, with other remaining members of the original society in Great East Cheap, having purchased ground for a temple in Cross street, Hatton Garden, the cornerstone of the temple is laid on this day by the Rev. Francis Leicester.--R. P. 169, 170; L 1828:61.

Manchester, October 16.Mr. Hill, in a letter to Robert Carter, states that he has found the external zeal of the New Church in England in general abating, but believes that there is considerable internal growth. He declines an invitation to become the pastor of the New Church in Baltimore, as he is opposed to the separate establishment of the New Church.--M. 14:221.

Middleton.--A few receivers here begin to meet together on Sundays at the house of Mr. James Davenport, to study the Writings; they open a Sunday School in 1798 or 1799.--M. L. 1896:459.

Sweden. Stockholm, January 1.--Some genuine friends of the New Doctrine organize the society Pro Fide et Charitate, for the purpose of continuing the publication of the Writings in Swedish. Political discussions and the practices of animal magnetism are strictly avoided in the new society. Among the principal members, at this time are the Councilor Schnherr, Major Gyllenhaal, Professors C. 5. Knös, and Adam Afielius, Christian and Anders Johansn, Assessor. Bergkliut, Rev. Jonas Pehrson Odhner, and his son, Rev. Pehr Hemming Odhner, Rev. Johan Tybeck, with a number of other Lutheran clergymen. The society is kept secret or private, in order to avoid external persecutions; communication between the members is kept up by means of a MS. journal, entitled Frsamlingstidning, edited by Bergklint, and continued some twenty years. The MS. is now preserved in the library of Nykyrkliga Bokfrlaget in Stockholm.Kahl. 3:101; Sundelin, 281; R. P. 269; D. I:54:15th Report of the Manch Pr. Soc. p. 14.

PUBLICATIONS.
Swedenborg: Angelic Wisdom concerning the Divine Providence. Boston. Thomas & Andrews. 542 pp. First American edition, published by Mr. Hill.--N. I:540.--B. L.

Om Inflytelse eller Gemenskap mellan Sjl och Kropp (On Influx, or the Intercourse between Soul and Body). Copenhagen. Thiele. 46 pp. First Swedish edition, published by Baron Liljencrantz from a MS. translation by Dr. Beyer.--Sundelin, 81.--R. L.

The Delights of Wisdom concerning Conjugial Love. Philadelphia. Francis Bailey.

First American edition, published at the joint expense of Messrs. Bailey and Carter.--N. I:539.--A. L.

The Doctrines of Life for the New Jerusalem. Chester. Sixth English edition; mentioned in B. I.

The True Christian Religion. Chester. 3 vols. 1054pp. Fourth English edition, published by Mr. C. W. Leadbeater.--A. L.

Clowes. Rev John: Sermons preached at the Parish Church of St. Johns, Manchester. Vol. II. London. Hodson. 257 pp.-Cin. L.

Sermons on a true Faith, and on the Householder and the Labourers in the Vineyard. 2 vols. London. Hindmarsh.--B. M.

The True End and Design of the Holy Sacrament of the Lords Supper. Manchester. C. Wheeler. 60 pp.--Cin. L.

Proud, Rev. Joseph: A Fast-Sermon, in which the read causes of all wars are explained. Birmingham. Belcher. 28 pp.--A. L.

Two Sermons on the great Importance of improving Time and preparing for Eternity. Birmingham. Belcher. 32 pp.--A L

Salmon, Joseph W.: Moral Reflections, in Verse. London.--B. L.

Sibly, Rev. Manoah: On the Call of the Jews. Two Sermons. London. Mentioned in N. J. M. London, 1826:2.

Twelve Sermons on important Subjects. London. Hindmarsh.--A. L.

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS.
Foundation of the Scotch Missionary Society. Death of Robert Burns, the Scotch poet.

Bonaparte is placed at the head of the French army in Italy, where he defeats the armies of Austria and Sardinia. General Hoche pacifies the Vende. Ferdinand IV, of Naples, makes peace with France.

Spain declares war against England.

Death of Catharine II. of Russia; she is succeeded by her son, Paul I.

1797. America. Baltimore.--The Rev. John Hargrove, a Methodist clergyman, settles in Baltimore, where lie becomes acquainted with Ralph Mather, Col. Carter, and other New Church people, and receives the Heavenly Doctrines.M. 14:488.

June 25--Col. Carter effects a reorganization of the society under his leadership; he introduces many peculiar novelties which cause the withdrawal of many of the members, who ultimately form another society.--Mess. vol. 63:59.

Dover, N. H.Mr. Joseph Leigh, the first New Churchman in New Hampshire, calls public attention to the Doctrines through the secular newspapers.--M. 15:100.

Philadelphia.--Rev. William Hill returns to America and resides for some time in Philadelphia. Here he renews his intimacy with Rev. Jacob Duche, through whom, in London, 1787, he had received the Heavenly Doctrines.

June 2.--Mr. Hill marries Miss Esther Duche; this, as far as is known, was the first New Church marriage in this world.M. 14:223; 30:393.

Jonathan W. Condy, Esq., counselor at law, receives the Heavenly Doctrines about this time.--M. 44:390.

Great Britain. Birmingham, May 7.--Mr. William Faraday is ordained into the Ministry of the New Church by Rev. Joseph Proud, who soon afterwards removes to London. The Birmingham society then divides into two congregations, Rev. H. R. Peacock ministering to the one, and Mr. Faraday to the other.--R. P. Appendix; I. 1878:291.

Bolton.The Society here, under the leadership of Mr. Samuel Dawson, enlarges its place of worship, and opens a day school and a Sunday School for two hundred children.--R. P. 300; A. I:177; J. D. 5.

Dalton.--The Doctrines are introduced here by Mr. Joseph Senior, and a society begins to be informed. Historicals respecting this society are given in I. 1875:506.

London, July 30.--The new temple in Cross street, Hatton Gardens, is formally consecrated and opened for public worship. The Rev. Joseph Proud is engaged as pastor, and attracts great multitudes by his unusual eloquence. A new Liturgy is introduced at the same time. Mrs. Shearsmith, who had waited upon Swedenborg in his last illness, is engaged as janitress at the temple.--R. P. 171; I. 1826:349.

PUBLICATION
Swedenborg: Arcana Coelestia. Vol. VII. London. Hindmarsh. First English edition.A. L.

Exposition Sommair de la Doctrine de la Nouvelle. Eglise. Paris. First French edition, translated by M. Mot, formerly Royal Librarian at Versailles.--N. Y. L.

Indexes to the Apocalypse Revealed. London. Hindmarsh 230 pp. 4to. First English edition, translated from the original MS. of Swedenborg, and published by John Aug. Tulk, Esq.--B. L.

Nya Jerusalem Lra om Herren (The Doctrine concerning the LORD). Copenhagen. Thiele.

Second Swedish edition, published by the society Pro Fide et Charitate.

Nya Jerusalems Lra om den Heliga Skrift (Doctrine concerning the Sacred Scripture). Stockholm. First Swedish edition, mentioned in D. II:996.--C. L.

[Anonymous]: A check to the dangerous and delusive doctrines of Baron Swedenborg. An abusive pamphlet published by a minister at High Wycombe, England; mentioned in R. P. 171.

Barruel, Abb Auguste: Memoirs illustrating the History of Jacobinism. London. 4 vols. Translated from the French by Hon. R. Clifford. The author was a French Jesuit, who here makes a venomous attack upon the Writings of the New Church.--B. M.

Hodson, Dr. James: A Catechism on the Christian Name and the Nature of the Baptismal Vow. London. E. Hodson 59 pp.--A. L.

Hurd, Dr.: A Short Account of the Hon. Emanuel Swedenborg and his Theological Writings. Bolton. 30 pp. Extracted from Bishop Hurds History of the Religions of All Nations.--R. L.

[Liturgical]: The Liturgy of the New Church, with a Catechism. London. Hindmarsh. 85 pp. 5th ed. This edition contains a number of new features; it was adopted by the Cross Street Society.---R. P. 171--A. L.

Tybeck, Rev. Johan: Den Andiga Wedergllnings-rtten (The Spiritual Law of Retribution). Copenhagen. Thiele.--R. L.

De Stora och lycksaliga Werkningar som frorsakas i Herrens Rike (The great and blessed effects which are caused in the LORDS Kingdom). Copenhagen. Thiele.R. L.

Jemnfrelse mellan Herrens Regering och Helvetets Wlde ibland menniskor (Comparison between the Government of the LORD and the dominion of Hell among men). Copenhagen. Thiele.--R. L.

Om Menniskans Vilja och dess Frbttrande (On the will of man and its reformation). Copenhagen. 47 pp.--A. L. Sunda och wrdiga Tankar om Herrens Underwerk. (Sound and worthy thoughts on the LORDS Miracles). Copenhagen. Thiele. 52 pp.--R. L.

Von Walden, Frederic: Upplysning om Swedenborgs Skrifter (Information respecting the writings of Swedenborg). 3rd part. Copenhagen.--A. L.

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS.
A general division takes place among the English Methodists; the Methodist New Connection is organized by Alexander Kilham.

Bonaparte invades the dominion of Pius VI.; the pope is forced to sue for peace. Austria is invaded by the French, who effect the peace of Campo Formio. Bonaparte returns to Paris in December.

John Adams, President of the United States.

1798. America. Baltimore, February 9Robert Carter, in a letter to Col. Arthur Campbell, of Virginia, describes the troubles in his society; he objects to the Episcopal form of government, and declares that he will correspond no more with Robert Hindmarsh.Mess. vol. 63:139.

June 5.--Rev. John Hargrove and Rev. Adam Fonerden, issue a Valedictory Address to the people called Methodists. Mr. Hargrove subsequently suffers much persecution from the Methodists and is thrown out of his employment as a teacher, but is encouraged by his wife in his determination to devote his life to the service of the New Church.--M. 14:489; R. P. 176; A. I:6.

[Photo of Rev. John Hargrove.]

June 27.--A new society is organized, with Mr. Hargrove as president. The ordination of Ralph Mather, who now has settled in Baltimore, and of John Hargrove, is decided upon.--M. 43:546.

July 8.--Ralph Mather and John Hargrove are ordained into the Ministry of the New Church by ten elders or representatives of the Church in Baltimore laying their hands upon the candidates for ordination. This marks the beginning of the distinctive Priesthood of the New Church in America.--M. 43:547; Ex. 77-82.

Philadelphia, January 3.--Death of Rev. Jacob Duche. Biographical notices of this New Church pioneer, who is noted also in the political history of the United States, will be found in M. 30:95; 34:274; 38:496, 620; O. I:80.

Portsmouth, N. H., September 8.-- Mr. Joseph Leigh, in a letter to James Glen, of Demerara, describes his evangelistic activity in behalf of the New Church; he proposes to raise a fund for the support of an itinerant preacher in the United States.--A. I:282; R. P. 178.

Steubenville, O.--Mr. David Powell receives the Heavenly Doctrines through his brother-in-law, Mr. Thomas Newport, and inaugurates a successful propaganda in his neighborhood. Mess. Vol. 55:138.

Great Britain. Alloa.--The Doctrines are introduced here by Messrs. Wright and Hands, two copper miners in this district of Scotland.--I. 1840:338.

London, June 3.--Mr. Samuel Noble becomes acquainted with the Doctrines of the New Church by accidentally attending the services in Cross street. He afterwards becomes a most useful and distinguished servant of the Church.I. 1839:605.

Sweden. Stockholm.According to the doubtful testimony of F. von Walden, the Doctrines are at this time making progress in Sweden. In two churches in Stockholm the services are said to be regularly performed according to the principles of the New Jerusalem.--R. P. 179.

PUBLICATIONS.
Swedenborg: Intercourse between the Soul and the Body. London. Fourth English edition mentioned in B. I.

Clowes, Rev. John: A Letter of Exhortation and Admonition, etc. Manchester. Wheeler. 24 pp.--A. L.

[Liturgical]: Hymns and Spiritual Songs for the use of the Lords New Church, by Rev. Joseph Proud. N. H. M. (Nov Hierosolym Minister). London. E. Hodson. 345 pp. Third edition.--A. L.

Prince, J. H.: A Letter to the Rev. Joseph Proud, wherein his opinions are examined and shown to be totally repugnant to and subversive of Christian Unity. London. 18 pp. The author, otherwise unknown, continued for a number of years to pursue Mr. Proud with similar pamphlets. We have found a copy of the above in the library of Harvard University.

Proud, Rev. Joseph: A funeral sermon on the death of John Harrison, M. D., late of Hatton Garden. London. 24 pp.--Cin. L.

On the true nature, extent and perpetual operation of Divine Grace. A sermon. London. Hodson. 24pp.--Cin. L.

Sibly, Rev. M.: A paraphrase of the Internal Sense of Genesis, Chapter I. Mentioned in N. J. M. London. 1826:2.

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS.
Organization of the Congregational Union of Scotland, the first general body of Scotch Independents or Congregationalists.

Death of Christian F. Schwartz, the eminent German missionary to India, in the employ of the London Missionary Society.

A great rebellion of Irish Catholics is suppressed after much bloodshed.

The French occupy Rome, abolish the papal government, proclaim the Roman Republic, and carry the pope a prisoner to France. Bonaparte embarks on his expedition to Egypt; he defeats the Mameluks in the battle of the Pyramids.

Admiral Nelson destroys the French fleet at Aboukir.

1799. America. Baltimore.--The Rev. Ralph Mather acts as pastor to the society, with the Rev. John Hargrove as assistant minister and president. Subscriptions are received from New Churchmen in various parts of the country for the erection of a Temple, and the building is completed at the end of the year.--A. I:210.

Philadelphia, December 13.--Letter from Rev. William Hill to Mr. Fonerden: the writer again declines a suggestion to become the pastor of the Baltimore society. He has now nearly completed the translation of the Apocalypsis Explicata into English.--M. 14:296.

France. Paris, April 5th.--Death of Charles Bernhard Waldstrm, the Swedish New Churchman, philanthropist and original anti-slavery-trade agitator.

Biographies will be found in D. I:64, 0. I:418; but especially Mess. 1897, Jan.

Great Britain. Heath, near Wakefield, January.--Death of Lady Georgiana Smith, daughter of the Duke of Grafton and wife of Sir S. Smith, one of the lords of the Treasury. She, as well as her husband, were intimate friends of Mr. Clowes and great admirers of the Barons works, which they lent freely to their friends.--O. I:421; vi:32.

Birmingham.--Rev. W. Faraday, in a letter to the Aurora, describes the divided and unsatisfactory condition of the Church in this city.--A. I:382.

Dublin, Ireland, June.--Some New Church people in this city are heard from.--A. I:49.

Dudley.--A New Church society is organized here.--A. I:381.

Hull, August 20.Letter to the Aurora from Mr. Roger Bernet, on the two distinct classes of reader, which are to be found in all parts of the New Church, the one class holding that the Writings of the New Church are the very Word of God; the other class maintaining that Swedenborg was not inspired, but only illuminated.A. I:235.

Liverpool.--A second division takes place in the New Church in this city. A number of the members leave Mr. Leadbeaters society and open a place of worship in Pool Lane, with Mr. Barton as leader. A re-union is effected after some years.--G. N. 60.

London, May.--Publication of the Aurora, a monthly New Church magazine, edited by Messrs. Sibly, Proud and Hodson.--R. P. 180

June.--Article in the Aurora by Philanthropos (Rev. Francis Leicester), on A key to the right understanding of the theological Writings of Emanuel Swedenborg; the writer sense, made manifest.--A. I:78.

September 29.--Owing to financial and doctrinal disagreements with the proprietors of the Temple in Cross street, Mr. Proud, with nearly the whole of the congregation, leaves the Temple and removes to a chapel in York street, St. James Square.

The remaining members keep the Temple open for worship, until it is engaged by Mr. Siblys congregation, in February, 1800.R. P. 173; R. R. 114.

[Photo of FIRST NEW CHURCH TEMPLE IN BALTIMORE.]
[This temple, the first of the New Church is America, was dedicated on January 2d, 1800, and was situated at the S. W. Corner of Baltimore and Exeter Sts. The building, which was of brick, and about 32 x 40 feet is size, was torn down about the year 1866. The adjoining parsonage is still standing, though somewhat changed as to the exterior. No original portrait is known to exist: the illustration here presented has been drawn according to the records till extant and from the memory of the old members of the Baltimore Society.]

December.--The discussion on the divine authority of the Writings is continued in the Aurora. The authority is denied in a letter from the Manchester society, but is defended by the editors and John Augustus Tulk, Esq.--A. I:293-305.

Manchester.--Mr. Clowes, in a letter to Robert Hindmarsh, describes how he had composed his Letters to a Member of Parliament, by the direct dictation of spirits.I. 1832:124.

[Photo of C. B. Wadström.]

France. Paris, April 5.--Death of Charles Bernhard Wadström, the Swedish New Churchman, philanthropist and original anti-slavery agitator. The adjoined portrait shows Mr. Wadström in the costume of the French revolutionists. Just before his death he was high in favor with the members of the Directory and with General Bonaparte.

Sweden. Skara.--Death of the Rev. Anders Olofson Knös, D. D., Arch-dean of Skara, and leader of the Swedenborgians among the Lutheran clergymen of Westergothland.Sundelin 117.

PUBLICATIONS.
Swedenborg: Arcana Coelestia. Vol. VIII.. 497 pp. First English edition. Printed under the inspection of R. Hindmarsh, Late Printer.--A. L.

A Summary Exposition of the Internal Sense of the Prophets and the Psalms. Chester. 288 pp. First English edition, translated and published by the Rev. C. W. Leadbeater. The translation is severely criticized in A. I. p. 41.--A. L.

On the Worship and Love of God. The beginning of a translation is published in A. I.

[Anonymous]: A Catechism for the New Church. Philadelphia. Francis Bailey. Distributed gratis.N. I:539.

fer Herr Assessor Swedenborgs Samtal med Andarne. Stockholm. Sylvenius. 16 pp. Third edition; the first edition was published at Gottenburg, 1771.--R. L.

Clowes, Rev. John: Letters to a Member of Parliament on the Character and Writings of Baron Swedenborg. Manchester. 300 pp. A refutation of the calumnies published by the Jesuit, Abb Barruel; reviewed in A. I:205.--B. M.

Security, the Exclusive Privilege of Gods Elect. A sermon. Manchester. Wheeler. 30 pp.--A. L.

The Protection Mark, or a View of the Principles most conducive to National and individual Security, at this most important Crisis. A sermon. Manchester. Wheeler. 26 pp.--A. L.

Hodson, Dr. James: Jesus Christ, the True God and only object of Supreme Adoration. London. Aurora Press. 189 pp.--A. L.

Peacock, Rev. H. B.: A Letter to the Societies of the new Jerusalem Church, on the subject of the Theological Writings of Emanuel Swedenborg. Birmingham. Belcher. 39 pp. A radical attack on the authority of the Writings; severely criticized in A. I:349.--B. M.

A Manual of Practical and Experimental Precepts, on the most useful Religious Subjects. Birmingham. Belcher. 68 pp.; reviewed in A. I:276.--A. L.

A Summary View of the Essential Doctrines of the Christian Faith, in a Series of Extracts from the Hon. Emanuel Swedenborg. With elucidatory notes by a Minister of the New Church. Birmingham. Belcher. 112 pp. Reviewed in A. I:241.--R. L.

Funeral Consolations, on the Decease of Mr. Abraham Perkins. Birmingham. Belcher. 22 pp.
Severely criticized in A. I:350.--A. L.

The Holy Remnant, showing the cause which has hitherto preserved this Kingdom from destruction. Manchester. R. Dean. 9 pp.--Cin. L.

[Periodical]: The Aurora or Dawn of Genuine Truth. Being a Repository of Spiritual, Rational and Useful Knowledge, designed for the benefit of every serious enquirer after true wisdom. Vol. I. London. Aurora Press.A. L.

Sibly, Rev. Manoah: A Paraphrase of the Internal Sense of Genesis. Chapter II. Mentioned in N. J. M. London. 1826:2.

On the Resurrection of the Lord. A sermon. London. Mentioned ibid.

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS.
Death of George Washington.--December 14th.

The first religious camp-meetings in the United States are held on the banks of Red River in Kentucky; the custom of holding such assemblies spreads with great rapidity and causes much discussion and many divisions in various sects.

Rationalism, of a gross form, is at this time triumphant in most of the theological schools of the Lutheran Church in Germany.

Publication of Laplaces Mchanique Celeste.

France renews the war against Austria and Russia. Suvaroff defeats the French under Joubert, but the Russians are in turn defeated by Massna in Switzerland Bonaparte enters upon his Syrian campaign, but is forced to retreat to Egypt, where he leaves Klber in command and embarks for France. When again in Paris, he overturns the Directory and proclaims the Consulate, making himself First-Consul.

Death of Pope Pius VI.

1800. America. Baltimore, January 2, Sunday.--Consecration of the Temple of the New Church in Baltimore (at the corner of East Baltimore St. and Exeter St.), the first New Church temple in America.M. 43:553; Mess. vol. 62:260.

October 2.--Death of Mrs. Hargrove, from the yellow fever.--M. 14:489; R. P. 181.

After the opening of the public worship the Church makes rapid progress in this city, some forty families joining the society in about a year.--M. 44:285.

Disagreements arising between Mr. Hargrove and Mr. Mather, the latter leaves America, and removes to France.

Mr. Hargrove now becomes the sole pastor of the Baltimore Society.M. ibid., Ex. 80, 81, 93.

Philadelphia, May 23.--Letter from Mr. Hill to Mr. Hargrove, again declining the pastorate in Baltimore.M. 14:491; 15:18.

September.--Francis Bailey, having met with great financial losses, removes from Philadelphia to Lancaster.--M. 15:74.

October 20.--Letter from Mr. Hill to Mr. Hargrove; the writer thinks that a church will soon be formed in Philadelphia.M. Ibid.

France. Paris.--Mr. Mather, while residing in Paris, opens his house for meetings of New Churchmen. He is visited by Benedict Chastanier and Baron Heinrich von Blow.--N. II:260.

Great Britain. Edinburgh.--A small New Church Society exists here at this time. Some of the higher clergy are said to be favorably disposed towards the Doctrines.--A. I:387.

London, January.--The discussion on the authority of the Writings is continued in the Aurora.A. I:329-345.

February 16.Mr. Siblys congregation removes to the New Church Temple in Cross street, Hatton Garden. They continue here until Christmas, 1801.--R. P. 143; I. I:199.

March.Mr. Clowes Letters to a Member of Parliament are favorably reviewed in The Monthly Magazine and the Gentlemens Magazine.I. III:477.

April.Important article in the Aurora, On the External Worship, and the Priesthood of the New Dispensation.A. I:434, 438.

May.--Article on the disorderly state of the New Church in England. A desire is expressed for an annual conference and a general government for the Church.--A. II:29.

September.--Articles on the necessity of New Church education and distinctively New Church schools.--A. II:165, 209, 249.

November 27.--Death of the Rev. Francis Leicester.--R. P. 170; A. II:320. A brief biography, with portrait, is published in M. K.

[Photo of Rev. Francis Leicester.]

December 25.--Mr. Geo. Nicholson, M. A., is ordained into the Ministry of the New Church, by Rev. Joseph Proud.--R. P. Appendix. Mr. Nicholson was at this time ministering to a society in Hull, where he had unpleasant experiences.--O. I:311.

Middleton.--A New Church Sunday school is established in this town.I. 1871:436.

Manchester.Rev. Francis Marcellus Hodson, and Mr. Richard Jones are at this time joint Preachers to the society worshiping in the Temple in Peter street.Mess. vol. 47:165.

Orkney Islands.--Readers of the Writings are said to exist in these remote islands.--A. I:387.

Yoxall, Staffordshire.--Mr. Edward Madeley receives the Doctrines through Mr. Thomas Dawes.I. 1852:476

Sweden. Adam Afzelius (a famous Swedish chemist), a true recipient of the Doctrines, returns to Sweden with interesting news from Africa.--O. I:313.

He had accompanied Aug. Nordenskjld to Sierre Leone in 1792, and had remained there until this time.

Death of Bishop Lars Benzelstjerna, a nephew of Swedenborg. Of all the Swedish bishops he is said to have been the one most favorable to the Doctrines .f the New Church. Swedenborg spoke highly of his rational form of mind in theological matters.--D. I:611.

PUBLICATIONS.
Swedenborg: Arcana Coelestia. Vol. IX. London. J. Hodson, 629 pp.--A. L. First English edition.

Arcana Coeletia. Vol. X. London. J. Hodson. 562 pp.--A. L. First English edition. Some copies of this volume have the year 1801 imprinted on the title page.

A Summary Exposition of the Internal Sense of the Prophetical Books of the Word of the Old Testament, and the Psalms of David; with a twofold Index. London. 12 mo.

Second English edition; translated by Rev. Robert Hindmarsh, and published by J. A. Tulk, Esq.R. P. Appendix, reviewed in A. II:30, 103, 137.

Passages concerning the Lords Prayer, extracted from the Theological Writings of Emanuel Swedenborg. London. Hodson. 36 pp.--A. L.

Heaven and Hell. Chester. J. W. Leadbeater. Third English edition.A. L.

Responsum ad Epistolam. The Latin original reprinted in A. II:224.

[Clowes, Rev. John]: Remarks on the Assertions of the author of Emanuel Swedenborg and the tendency of his Writings. Manchester. 37 pp.--B. M. An edition of this tract, which consists mostly of extracts from the Letter to a Member of Parliament, was published at Philadelphia in the same year, for Mr. John Ormrod.--Cin. L.

The Caterpillar and the Gooseberry Bush. Manchester. Reviewed in A. I:454.

The Warning, recommended to the serious attention of all Christians. Manchester. 12 mo.--B. M.

Hargrove, Rev. John: On the True Object and Nature of Christian Worship. Baltimore. A sermon delivered at the opening of the New Jerusalem Church in Baltimore, on January and, 1800.--M. 14:490.

Hodson, Dr. James: The Young Christians Introduction to the Knowledge of Jesus Christ. London. Aurora Press. 35 pp.--A. L.

[Liturgical]: The Liturgy of the New Church, as used in York St. Chapel, St. James Square, Westminster. London. Reviewed in A. II. p. 63.

Nicholson, Rev. George: A New and Comprehensive Dictionary of Correspondences. An important publication, reviewed in A II. p. 354.

Peacock, Rev. H. B.: The Poor Mans Guide to Glory; being the essential and saving Doctrines of the Christian Faith, adapted to the capacity of Sunday Schools and the illiterate Poor. Birmingham. 8 pp.--B. M.

[Periodical]: The Aurora or Dawn of Genuine Truth. Vol. II. London. Aurora Press.--A. L.

Pernty, Abb A. J.: Granskning af Emanuel Swedenborgs Lefnad och Lra (Examination of Swedenborgs Life and Doctrine, together with a complete catalogue of all his works, and various anecdotes, illustrating the biography of this remarkable man). Stockholm.--A. L. Translated from Perntys preface to the French edition of Heaven and Hell. Berlin. 1782.I. 1836:22.

Sibly, Rev. Manoah. On Repentance and Conversion. Two sermons. London. Hodson. 47 pp.--Cin. L.

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS.
America. The seat of the government of the United States is removed from Philadelphia to Washington. Thomas Jefferson is elected president, and Aaron Burr vice-president.

Organization of the Reformed Presbyterian Synod in America by Scotch anti-burghers; they are opposed to all oaths, civil citizenship, voting, etc. A small remnant of the sect still exists, with headquarters at Pittsburgh, Pa.

The German Methodists in the United States organize in two denominations: the United Brethren in Christ, under the leadership of Rev. Otterbein, and the Evangelical Association, also known as Albrights.

England. Death of Cowper, the poet.

France. The war between France and Austria continues. General Bonaparte leads his army over the great St. Bernard, invades Italy and wins the battle of Marengo.

Germany. Beginning of the period of Rationalismus vulgaris in German Philosophy and Theology.

Italy. Pius VII. is elected pope; he is at first disposed to a conciliatory policy toward France and Napoleon Bonaparte.

1801. America. Baltimore, March 9.--The members of the New Church send a congratulatory address to Thomas Jefferson upon his inauguration as President of the United States. The President returns thanks to the senders.--R. P. 181.

March 14.--letter from Mr. Hargrove, describing the progress of the Church in this city.--R. P. Ibid.

Boston, October.--Mr. Hill resides again in the neighborhood of Boston, where he preaches the Doctrines of the New Church in old. church pulpits.--M. 14:342.

Ohio.--Jonathan Chapman (Johnny Appleseed), a primitive New Church evangelist, begins to traverse the new settlements in Southern Ohio, distributing apple seed and New Church literature.Mess. vol. 45:10.

France. Avignon.--Death of Abb A. J. Pernty.--D. I:636; I. 1879:376.

Paris.--Letter from Benedict Chastanier to C. F. Nordenskjld. He proposes to publish the Apocalypse Revealed in French.--D. II:1179; I. 1870:139.

Great Britain. Accrington.--The Doctrines are introduced here by the Rev. Samuel Dean, curate of St. Pauls Church, Blackburn. A society is formed, with George Haworth and James Garsden as leaders; a Sunday-school is opened.--G. H. 41; R. P. 185; I. vi.:547; 1871:407; Mess. vol. 47:178.

Birmingham, May 1.--Death of Rev. Henry Barry Peacock. A biographical account is found in J. R. Boyles Prospectus to a Bibliography of New Church Literature.

London, October.--The publication of the Aurora is suspended.--R. P. 180.

December 13.--Mr. William Pownall, of Bristol, is ordained by Mr. Sibly.--R. P. Appendix.

December 25.Mr. Siblys congregation removes to a hall in Cateaton St., near Guildhall. The three societies in London begin to work on the composition of a new Liturgy, to obtain uniformity in the public worship.--R. P. 143; I. I:199.

Switzerland. Lausanne, October 28.--Letter from J. F--, a clergyman who has received the Doctrines of the New Church.I. 1870:139.

PUBLICATIONS
Swedenborg: Arcana Coelestia. Vol. X. London. Hodson.--A. L.

Nya Jerusalems Lra om den Heliga Skrift (Doctrine of the Sacred Scripture). Stockholm. Carl Deleen. Second Swedish edition ; mentioned in the 15th Report of the Manchester Printing Society. p. 16.

On the Worship and Love of God. London. Hodson. First English edition; published as appendix to the Aurora.--A. L.

Select Extracts from the Writings of Emanuel Swedenborg. London. Hodson. 81 pp.A. L.

Benzelstjerna, C.: Frteckning p framledne Assessor Swedenborgs samtlige egenhndige Manuscripter (Catalogue of Swedenborgs Manuscripts). Stockholm. 16 pp.--A. L.

Clowes, Rev. John: The present scarcity; its causes, and its cure. A sermon. Manchester.--B. M.

[Periodical]: The Aurora. Vol. III. The volume was not finished.--A. L.

The Temple of Truth; or a vindication of various passages and Doctrines of the Holy Scriptures, lately impeached in a Deistical publication printed in Philadelphia. Baltimore. 13 numbers of 16 pp. each.

This small New Church periodical, the first published in America, was edited by John Hargrove It was commenced on August 1, and was suspended on October 31. See M. 14:490; 44:501; M. n. s. VIII:23.

Sibly, Rev. Manoah: On Ezechiels Cake. A sermon. London. Hodson. 24 pp.--Cin. L.

Von Walden, Frederic: Frswar af mina tankar om Helvetet och eviga plgor (Defense of my views regarding Hell and everlasting torments). Copenhagen.--R. L. The author here denies the eternal duration of Hell.

Samling af Skrifter som frswara Swedenborgs System eller nya Jerusalems Lra (A collection of writings in defense of the Doctrine of the New Jerusalem). Vol. I. Copenhagen. Northorste. 171 pp.--R. L.

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS.
America. Outbreak of the war between Tripoli and the United States.

England. The Danish fleet is defeated by the English, under Nelson, at Copenhagen.

France. Peace of Luneville between Austria, Germany and France.

The Roman Catholic Church is restored in France, but is placed under the control of the government.

Germany. Death of Novalis (Baron von Hardenberg), the distinguished German poet, philosopher and hymnologist.

Russia. Czar Paul is murdered; he is succeeded by his son, Alexander I.

Switzerland. Death of Johann Kaspar Lavater, the celebrated Swiss theologian and poet; the father of the modern science of Physiognomy.

1802. America. Rev. Ralph Mather returns from France.--M. 44:285.

Washington, December 26.Mr. Hargrove, by appointment, preaches before the president and the Congress.--R. P. 181.

France. Robert Hindmarsh visits Paris where he finds a society of twelve members, led by M. Bousie and M. Perault. A French edition of the True Christian Religion has been published during the year.--R. P. 181, 182; 15th Report of Manchester Printing Society, p. 17. Von Blows Coup doeil, p. 65.

Great Britain. Accrington.--The New Church services here are conducted alternately by Mr. James Garsden and Mr. George Haworth. Mr. Garsden, a plain old man, delivers public discourses in his own house, hereby causing a number of persons to join the small society.--G. H. 41.

Haslingden.--The receivers in this village begin to meet together for the study of the Writings.M. L. 1890:197.

Leeds.--The Doctrines are introduced here by Wm. Smith. For historicals respecting the church in Leeds, see G. H. p. 58.

London.--The Proprietors of the Temple in Cross street, Hatton Garden, engage the Rev. S. Dean, of Blackburn, preacher, but find his services unsatisfactory, and after a full, fair and tedious trial of his services for about two years, dissolve their connection with him.--R. P. 173.

December 21.--The corner-stone of a Temple for Mr. Siblys society is laid in Friars street, Blackfriars, near Doctors Commons.--R. P. 144.

Holland. Death of William Gomm, Esq., secretary to the British embassy at The Hague; a most zealous New Churchman.--D. II:1221.

Russia. Receivers resident at St. Petersburg import the Writings from Paris.--R. P. 182.

PUBLICATIONS
Swedenborg: Arcana Coelestia. Vols. I. and II. Second English edition. London. Hodson.--A. L.

Nine Queries concerning the Trinity. London. Hodson. 7 pp.--A L. Second English edition.

La Vraie Religion Chrtienne. (The True Christian Religion). Paris. First French edition; translated by M. Perault; it contains a long preface, and a translation of Sandels Eulogium.--D II:700; I. 1826:250.--P. L.

The Doctrine of the New Jerusalem Concerning Faith. London. Hodson. 32 pp. Second English edition.---A. L.

Clowes, Rev. John: The Caterpillar and the Gooseberry Bush. Salem, Mass. Th. C. Cushing. 25 pp. Published, probably, by Major Hiller--A. L.

The True End and Design of the Holy Sacrament of the Lords Supper. In two Dialogues. Manchester. 68 pp.--A L.

Two Sermons on the Sacraments. 4th edition. Manchester. 16 pp.--A. L.

Dean, Rev, S.: The Nature, Evidence and Tendency of the Theological Writings of the Hon. Emanuel Swedenborg. London.--R. P. 174.

Hill, J. C.: The Greatest Truth ever published. Leeds. 24 pp. The fifth edition of this little New Church tract on the Trinity; we have never seen any other edition.Cin. L.

[Liturgical]: The Liturgy of the New Church, signified by the New Jerusalem, etc. London. J. Hodson & Co. Aurora Press. 36 pp. A copy is owned by Rev. Frank Sewall.

[Noble, Samuel]: Two Discourses on the Internal Word of the Lord, as opened in the Writings of Em. Swedenborg, and other book which inculcate the true Christian Life and Doctrine. London. Aurora Press. 44 pp.--A. L.

Prince, J. H.: A Letter to Joseph Proud, wherein his opinions are candidly examined. London. 36 pp.--B. M

[Reports]: First Report of the Manchester Society for Printing, Publishing and Circulating the Writings of the Hon. Emanuel Swedenborg, and other books which inculcate the true Christian Life and Doctrine. Manchester. No. I. Published in large, foolscap sheets; the annual reports of this society were issued in the same form up to the year 1816. Mentioned in M. L. 1885:386.

Sibly, Rev. Manoah: Hymns and Spiritual Songs for the New Church. London; mentioned in N. J. M. London. 1826:2 and M. L. 1890:37.

The Duty and Privilege of Exploring the Church. A sermon. London; mentioned ibid.

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS.
America. Ohio is received as one of the States of the Union.

Foundation of Bowdoin College, at Brunswick, Maine.

France. The Italian Republic is constituted, with Bonaparte as president. Great Britain makes peace with France, Spain and the Batavian Republic, at Amiens. Bonaparte is declared consul for life.

1803. America. Boston, May 16. Major Joseph Hiller, in a letter to Mr. Hargrove, mentions a few receivers in the city.-M 15:31.

October 12.-Dr. William Jenks, of Cambridge, Mass., in a letter to Mr. Hargrove, describes Dr. Brown, and other receivers in Boston.-Mess. Vol. 25. p. 94.

Norfolk, Va.-Death of Rev. Ralph Mather.-M. vol. 44:285. A biography of Mr. Mather, by C. Th. Odhner, is published in L. 1896, pp. 154, 168.

Philadelphia.-Rev. William Hill settles on a farm near this city. Mr. Daniel Thuun, an ardent receiver, transcribes the whole of Mr. Hill's translation of the Apocalypsis Explicata, in order to send the MS. to England for publication.-M 44:178.

Washington.-Mr. Ferdinand Fairfax, son of Lord Fairfax, and Mr. Wilson M. C. Fairfax are mentioned as the first New Churchmen in this city. See the "Annals of the New Church in Washington," in Mess. Vol. 22:176; vol. 62:370, 386, 402; vol. 63:10, 26.

Great Britain. London, May 27.-A conference is held between the New Church societies in London. A new book of "Rites and Ceremonies" is adopted. (See the edition of this work. 1805.)

August 7.-Consecration of the Temple in Friars street. Mr. Sibly's society leaves Cateaton street.-R. P. 144; I. I:199.

An account of the services of Mr. Proud's society in York street, and of Mr. Barthelemon's music, is given in D. G. Goyder's Autobiography, p. 89.

Radcliffe. A small temple for the New Church is erected here during the year.-I. 1879:404.

PUBLICATIONS
Swedenborg: Arcana Caelestia. Vol. XI. London. Hodson. 655 pp.

First English edition.-A. L.

Arcana Caelestia. Vol. III. London. Hodson.

Second English edition.-A. L.

Clowes, Rev. John: Sermons on the Call and Deliverance of the Israelites from Egypt. Manchester. (See Compton's Life of Clowes, p. 135.)

The Combined Duties of the Citizen and of the Christian, in reference to the present awful Crisis. Three sermons. Manchester. Wheeler. 56 pp.-B. M.

Hargrove, Rev. John: The substance of a sermon on the Leading Doctrines of the New Jerusalem Church. Delivered December 26th, 1802, before the President and Congress of the United States. Baltimore. Warner. 24 pp.-A. L.

Prince, J. H.: A Second Letter to Joseph Proud, containing a Scriptural Refutation of the doctrines advanced by him. London. 40 pp.-B. M.

[Reports]: Report of the Manchester printing Society. No. 2.

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS
America. The United States purchases Louisiana from France.

The German communistic sect of "Harmonists" settle in Pennsylvania under the leadership of George Rapp, or Wurtemberg; they are Millenarians, and strongly opposed to marriage. They finally establish themselves at "Economy," near Pittsburgh, Pa., where a small remnant still exists.

Death of Samuel Hopkins, an influential New England Theologian, founder of the "Hopkinsian" System of Theology.

The French in Hayti are expelled by the negroes.

England.-England again declares war against France.

France.-The French occupy Hanover.

Death of Saint-Martin, "the unknown philosopher," a celebrated French mystic.

Germany.-Death of Johann von Herder, and of Klopstock, the German philosophers, poets, and writers.

1804. America. Baltimore.--Death of Col. Robert Carter.--Mess. vol. 62:251.

Mr. Hargrove marries the widow of Mr. Mather.--M. 14:490.

[Photo of Rev. Adam Hurdus.]

Philadelphia, June 2.--Death of Rev. William Hill.--M. 29:572; 30:394.

See our biography of Mr. Hill, in L. 1896:103.

Mr. Adam Hurdus, of Manchester, emigrates to America, and settles first in Philadelphia. He finds no New Churchmen in this city, except Daniel Thuun, and Thomas Smith, clerk in the old U. S. Bank.--P. II:79; M. 44:286.

Washington, December 25.--Mr. Hargrove preaches on the Second Coming of the LORD and on the Last Judgment, before the Senate and Congress of the United States.--R. P. 181.

The occasion is described in the preface to Mr. Hargroves printed sermon.

Germany. Immanuel Kants letter on Swedenborg is republished by Borowsky, the archbishop of the Protestant Church in Prussia.--M. 18:283.

Great Britain. Manchester.--A bishopric is offered to Mr. Clowes by William Pitt, but is declined.Comptons Life of Clowes, p 83.

PUBLICATIONS.
Hill, J. C.: A Clear and Comprehensive Explanation of the Holy Trinity, which for nearly fifteen hundred years has lain concealed: proving from Scripture and Reason that Jesus Christ is the only true God, on one Glorified, Divine Person. Bilston. S. Bassford. 32 pp. This little work is reviewed in N. C. M. 1892:259. Nothing further is known of the author. See also I. 1864:196.

Prince, J. H.: A third letter to Joseph Proud, containing a justification of the authors two former letters. London. 24 pp.--B. M.

Proud, Rev. Joseph: Fifteen Sermons on various Subjects. London. Hodson. 251 pp.--B. L.

[Reports]: Report of the Manchester Printing Society. No. 3.

Von Walden, H. F.: Blandede Tanker i Breve til en Ven (Miscellaneous Thoughts in letters to a friend). Copenhagen. 86 pp.--R. L.

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS.
America. Duel between Hamilton and Burr. The war between the United States and Tripoli continues. Jefferson is re-elected President.

Death of Dr. Joseph Priestley (at Northumberland, Pa.); he is the first prominent systematizer of modern Unitarianism, and is no less famous as a naturalist, being the discoverer of oxygen.

England. The British and Foreign Bible Society is organized in London. The movement is first set on foot by Rev. Joseph Hughes, a Baptist clergyman, but gradually receives the support of all denominations.

Pitt again becomes premier of England.

France. Napoleon orders the murder of the duke dEnghien.

He publishes his Code Civil des Francais; is declared Emperor of the French and is crowned in Paris by Plus VII.

Germany. Death of Immanuel Kant, the father of modern transcendental philosophy, the most acute metaphysician of his age.

1805. America. Boston.--Death of Mr. Samuel Brown, M. D., one of the earliest New Churchmen in this city.M. 37:283. An account of the conditions of the Church in Boston, at this time, is published in M. 15:31.

Bath, Me.--Rise of the New Church in this city. Rev. Dr. William Jenks and Mr. John Savels are mentioned as receivers of the Doctrines. Other historicals are given in M. 30:204; Mess. vol. 3: 69; 47:115.

New York, December 22.A New Church reading circle is organized at the house of Mr. Edward C. Riley, no. 16 Chamber street. Mr. Mott and Mrs. Gallon are among the first members.--Mess. vol. 21:252; 47:144.

Pittsburgh, August.--Adam Hurdus settles for a short time in this city, where he meets Judge Young.--P. II:79.

Portsmouth, N. H.--Mr. Joseph Leigh publishes The New Hampshire New Jerusalem Magazine.M. N. s. XI:488.

Great Britain. The desolate state of the New Church in Great Britain, at this period, is commented upon.--M. 15:225; O. I:312-314.

Accrington.--A small place of worship is erected here during the year; Mr. George Haworth officiates as preacher.R. P. 201; I. VI:548.

Keighley.--The society here, still under the leadership of Rev. Joseph Wright, opens a chapel in King street, Halifax Road.--M. L. 1890:228.

London, January.--Formation of The Friendly Society of the New Jerusalem Church, a beneficial institution connected with the Church in Fryar street.I. I:489.

February (?)--A division occurs in Mr. Prouds society in York street. A number of members separate and open worship at Dudley Court, Denmark street, Soho, with Dr. James Hodson as preacher.--R. P. 175; I. 1873:238.

March 3.--Dr. James Hodson is ordained into the ministry of the New Church, by Manoah Sibly.--Hodsons Jeremiah in the Dungeon, p. 42.

August 12.--Letter from Henry Servant to James Glen, of Demerara, giving many interesting particulars of the state of the Church in London and elsewhere. (A valuable document.)--O. I:311. See also M. 15:171.

The societies in London publish a new book of Rites and Ceremonies.

South America. Mr. James Glen still continues to preach occasionally, and to administer the sacraments to the few receivers in Demerara.--N. C. M. 1890:240.

Sweden. Death of Rev. Sven Schmidt in the insane asylum of Skara.Sundelin 143.

PUBLICATIONS.
Swedenborg: Heaven and Hell. Salford. W. C. Leadbeater. Fourth English edition with a portrait of Swedenborg.A. L.

The Doctrine of the New Jerusalem concerning the Lord. Salford. Leadbeater. 141 pp. Fifth English edition. We have never seen any fourth edition.--A. L.

Clowes, Rev. John: A Dialogue between a Churchman and a Methodist, on the Writings and opinions of Baron Swedenborg. Mentioned in Comptons Life of Clowes, p. 80.

A Few Plain Answers to the Question, Why do you receive the Testimony of Baron Swedenborg? Birmingham. Martin. 30 pp. This little work has been republished in many editions, and has been translated into German and Swedish.--A. L.

A Sermon of Thanksgiving for the late victory obtained over the combined fleets of France and Spain. Manchester. 27 pp.--B. M.

The Gospel according to Matthew, translated from the original Greek, and illustrated by extracts from the Theological Writings of Emanuel Swedenborg, together with notes and observations by the Translator. London. Hodson. 435 pp.

An important, scholarly work of enduring value.A. L.

Hargrove, Rev. John: The Second coming of Christ, and the Last Judgment. Baltimore. Warner. 24 pp. A sermon preached before both Houses of Congress in Washington, December 25, 1804.--A. L.

Jones, Richard: The Substance of a Discourse. Manchester. Russell. 16 pp.--A. L.

[Liturgical]: Rites and Ceremonies for use of the Lords New Church, signified by the New Jerusalem. London. Hodson. 34 pp.--A. L.

The Psalms of David, according tot he Bible version. Together with a summary exposition of the Internal Sense of each Psalm contained therein. London. Aurora Press. 228 pp. A copy is owned by Rev. Frank Sewall.

[Periodical]: The New Hampshire New Jerusalem Magazine and Primitive Religions Intelligencer. Portsmouth, N. H. J. Whitelock. A small journal published for a short time by Mr. Joseph Leigh. It is described in M. n. s. XI:488

[Reports]: Report of the Manchester Printing Society. No. 4.

Sibly, Rev. Manoah: A First and Second Catechism for the use of the New Church. London. Hodson. 24 pp.--A. L.

The Fulness and Perfection of the Lords Prayer. London. A sermon mentioned in N. J. M. London. 1826:3.

The Glorification of the Lords Humanity. London. A sermon mentioned ibid.

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS.
America. Tripoli concludes peace with the United States.

Organization of the sect of Christians, or Christian Connection, by an amalgamation of seceders from the Methodist, Baptist and Presbyterian churches in Kentucky and Tennessee; they declare the Bible their only creed and rule; reject infant Baptism and practice open communication.

France. Coalition against France between England, Russia, Austria and Sweden. Victory of the English fleet under Nelson over the French and Spanish Trafalgar. Murat occupies Vienna. Battle of Austerlitz. Napoleon defeats Francis of Austria and Alexander of Russia. Prussia and Austria conclude peace with France, conceding enormous tracts to Napoleon.

England. Death of Bishop Boothe, the last of the English non-juring bishops.

Germany. Death of Schiller, perhaps the greatest of German poets.

1806. America. Ohio, April 17.Mr. Adam Hurdus, with family, settles in the then new city of Cincinnati. He soon afterwards becomes acquainted with Mr. Thomas Newport, of Lebanon, O.--P. II:79.

Pennsylvania, October.--Mr. Hargrove completes an evangelistic journey through this state. He visits the Hon. Josiah Espy, at Bedford, where he baptizes between 30 and 40 persons, young and old, and travels thence to Greensburgh, where he visits Judge John Young. He next proceeds to Brownsville, where he baptizes nearly forty persons, among them Mr. William Goe and the Rev. Mr. Ayres, with their families. In all, 78 persons are baptized on this journey.--R. P. 187.

On his return to Baltimore, he delivers two discourses before the Senate and Representatives of the State Assembly of Maryland.--ibid.

Philadelphia.--There are, at this time, about twenty receivers of the Heavenly Doctrines in this city.--Conv. R. 1817:134.

Great Britain.--Mr. Clowes, after eighteen years labor, finishes his work on the translation of the Arcana Coelestia.I. 1857:339.

Hawkstone Park, in Shropshire, July 8-11.First New Church Assembly at Hawkstone. It is attended by about forty ladies and gentlemen, mostly non-separatists. A gold cup is presented to Mr. Clowes, and silver cups to Mr. Salmon and Mr. Shelmerdine, his co-adjutors in the work of completing the translation of the Arcana Coelestia.--R. P. 185; I. 1857:339. A history of the subsequent annual meetings at Hawkstone is published in N. C. M. 1888:218.

London, April 13.--Rev. Isaac Hawkins, of Wiveliscombe, Somerset, is ordained into the Ministry of the New Church by the Rev. M. Sibly.--R. P. Appendix.

June 1.--Henry Servant, in a letter to James Glen, gives important and interesting information regarding a number of members and societies of the New Church.--O. I:417.

October 19.--All other letter from Mr. Servant to Mr. Glen describes the Church in Manchester as being spiritually bound in the sphere of Mr. Clowes, and the three societies in London as being tinctured with priestly dominion.--O. II:278. Compare M. 15:173.

Scotland. (The year somewhat uncertain.)--The aged Benedict Chastanier, while on a journey, perishes from exposure.--R. P. 30. Biographies are given in D. II:1176 and N. C. M. 1890:527.

France. Versailles.--Death of M. Meet, aged 86 years. He had translated many of the Writings into French, and had been librarian to Louis XV.--M. 43:643; I. 1856:143; G. H. 85, 86; Literary Panorama (London), 1807.

Russia. May 13.--Letter from the Councillor Demitrius Alexeist, of Ecaterinoslav, with an order for all publications relative to the New Church.--R. P. 186.

PUBLICATIONS.
Swedenborg: Arcana Coelestia. Vol. XII. London. J. and E. Hodson. First English edition. This completes the publication of Mr. Clowes translation of the Arcana, of which the first volume had appeared in 1783 The volume contains, as appendix, a copy of Mr. Clowes beautiful prayer and thanksgiving on finishing the translation, and a long list of errata to all the preceding volumes.--L 1857:339.--A. L.

[Anonymous]: A Catechism for the use of the New Church. Bedford, Pa. Ch. MDowell. 24 pp.A. L.

Hargrove, Rev. John: The Substance of a Sermon on the Leading doctrines of the New Church, delivered before Thomas Jefferson, President of the United States, and the Members of Congress. A reprint of the American edition, with new title page.--A. L.

Hawkins, Rev. Isaac: the Doctrine of the Trinity, clearly stated and explained. London. Hodson. 22 pp.Cin. L.

Nicholson, Rev. George: A new, clear and concise Vindication of the Doctrines of the New Church. Leeds. Published by the author. 78 pp.--B. L.

A Serious and Affectionate Address to the Inhabitants of Hull, upon subjects of the highest importance. Leeds. Baines. The author describes himself as late minister of the Old Chapel, Dagger Lane, and now minister of the Society, meeting at the Academy, Myton Gate, corner of Fish street, Hull.--B. L.

Proud, Rev. Joseph: A Discourse on the Death of Lord Nelson. London. 24 pp.--S. S. L.

The Unitarian Doctrine completely refuted. London. 103 pp.--A L.

[Reports]: Report of a meeting at Hawkstone Park. Manchester. Large foolscap. Reports of these annual meetings at Hawkstone continued to be published regularly until the year 1831.--M. L. 1885:387.

Report of the Manchester Printing Society. No. 5.

Sibly, Rev. Manoah: The Nature and Quality of the New Church, with its Distinction from the Primitive Christian, and all other preceding Dispensations. To which are added some extracts from the M. S. Memorabilia [the Spiritual Diary, now in Mr. Siblys possession] of Em. Swedenborg, concerning the New Church in Africa. London. Hodson. 39 pp.--A. L.

Von Walden, F. H.: Assessor Swedenborgs Levnet (Life of Swedenborg). Copenhagen. 60 pp. This little work contains a spurious extract from Swedenborgs scientific works, purporting to confirm the authors theories of Phrenology. The fraud has been exposed in I. 1838:143, and M. 3:62.--R. L.

White, Rev. Hugh, D. M.: A small performance, entitled Philotheos, containing a demonstration of the Divine Presence, the Resurrection, Judgment, Origin of the Soul, etc. Richmond, Va. 36 pp. The author was a Presbyterian clergyman in Virginia, who had received the Doctrines about this time. He was subsequently ordained into the Ministry of the New Church.--Cin. L.

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS.
France and the Continent.--Joseph Bonaparte is proclaimed king of Naples and Sicily, and Louis Bonaparte, king of Holland.

Emperor Francis II. renounces the crown of Germany and of the Holy Roman Empire.--(August 6th.)

Prussia declares war against France, but is defeated by Napoleon at Jena and Auerstdt. Napoleon enters Berlin. He declares Great Britain in a state of blockade, and prohibits all commercial intercourse of Europe with British ports.

Great Britain.--Death of William Pitt.

The Original Anti-burghers secede from the Anti-burghers of Scotland, owing to long continued controversies between auld lichts and new lights respecting the lawfulness of burgesses taking a certain oath required by law; the two parties re-unite in 1827, and form the Associate Synod of Original Seceders.

Organization of the Band Room Methodist, or United Free Gospel Churches in England; they are opposed to a paid ministry.

1807. France. Death of Baron de Breteuil, formerly Ambassador of France to Sweden, and Minister to Louis XVI.; he was one of Swedenborgs personal friends, and a receiver of the Heavenly Doctrines, (perhaps the first French New Churchman)D. II:1162.

Germany. Colberg, June 4.--Baron Heinrich von Blow is imprisoned here, at the instigation of the Russian government, on account of his having published an historico political work, which was offensive to the Czar.Coup dOeil. p. I.

Great Britain. Accrington.--The society builds a larger place of worship (twelve yards square!). There are about thirty members at this period.I. vol. VI.:548; R. P. 201.

Haslingden.--The society begins to receive regular ministerial visits from Mr. George Haworth, of Accrington.

Hawkstone, July 5.--Second meeting of Mr. Clowes friends. Resolutions are adopted criticizing those New Churchmen who had separated from the Established Church. Mr. Richard Jones, of Manchester, publishes a pamphlet in defense of the separation.Compton, p. 101.

London. January 1.--New Churchmen in London unite in the organization of a general body, styled The London Society of the New Church, with john Augustus Tulk as the leading spirit. They publish a report of the state of the New Church at large in England, America, France, Germany, Denmark and Russia, with lists of well known members, and of the publications of the Church.--O. II:280. See also the Report.

February 8.--Letter from Mr. Servant to Mr. Glen, stating that there are about 38 societies with nearly 3,000 members of the New Church in Great 13ritain. (This account is undoubtedly exaggerated.)--O. III:280.

May 6 and 7.--After an intermission of fourteen years, a general conference (the Sixth) is held in York street chapel, St. James Square. There are present Rev. Messrs. Sibly, Proud and Hodson, with Messrs. Pratt, Hawkins, Arbouin, Jones, Noble and Brand, as delegates from London; Rev. Wm. Faraday and Mr. Dawes, of Birmingham, and Rev. Wm. Pownall, of Bristol; and about 100 other friends. Mr. Sibly and Mr. Proud are appointed joint presidents, and Mr. Hodson secretary. Resolutions art adopted approving the original ordination of New Church Ministers, in June, 1788, and declaring ten ministers as regularly ordained; the continuation of the same order is recommended. New Church Baptism, separation from the Old Church, and New Church education for the young are also recommended Measures are taken to open and maintain communication between the various societies of the Church throughout the earth. The formation of Sunday schools and of public libraries of the Church is recommended, and a resolution is passed, thanking Mr. Clowes for the translation of the Arcana Coelestia. It is determined to hold the next General Conference at Birmingham, in June, 1808. See E. 101-110; R. P. 188; O. II:281.

December 20.Letter from Mr. Servant to Mr. Glen. He mentions a heated controversy, in pamphlets, between Mr. Tulk and Mr. Proud, on the subject of ordinations in the New Church; states that a society has been formed at Edinburgh, with Mr. Atwell as leader.--O. IV:63.

Sweden. Mr. Clowes receives information that a Swedish bishop, and sixty other clergymen, in Sweden and Denmark have embraced the Heavenly Doctrines, and are openly teaching them (?).O. III:280.

PUBLICATIONS.
Swedenborg: Arcana Coelestia. Vol. IV. London. Hodson. The second English edition.--A. L.

A Brief Continuation of the Crown or Appendix to the True Christian Religion. London. Hodson. 8 pp. First English edition, translated and published by Mr. J. A. Tulk.--D. II:102; A. L.

A Summary Exposition of the Internal Sense of the Books of Genesis, Exodus, Matthew, and Revelation. Hodson. 171 pp. Extracts from the Writings.--A. L. Fifth English edition.--A. L.

Intercourse between the Soul and the Body. London. Hodson. 20 pp.

[Anonymous]: Trinitarianism as taught by the Churches of England and Scotland, laid open. By a Layman. London. Hodson. 23 pp.--A. L.

Clowes, Rev. John: Letters to the Editors of the Christian Observer in reply to their observations on a pamphlet entitled A Few Plain Answers. London. Hodson. 146 pp.--B. M.

A Few Plain Answers. (See 1805.) Birmingham. 30 pp.B. M. Second edition.

The Caterpillar and the Gooseberry Bush. An allegory. Manchester.--B. M.

The Combined Duties of the Citizen and of the Christian, considered. Birmingham. Martin. 32 pp. Three sermons.A. L.

The Rainbow. Two dialogues on its spiritual significance. London. 84 pp.--B. M.

Hodson, Rev. James: The Necessity of gathering a daily portion of the Heavenly Manna. London. Hodson. 15 pp. A sermon to young people.--A. L.

Jones, Rev. Richard: A Friendly Address to the Receivers of the Doctrines of the New Jerusalem Church on the Propriety of adopting suitable forms of suitable forms of External Worship: to which are added a few passages from the Apocalypsis Explicata, proving the necessity of and order in separating from the Old Church. Manchester.

Mentioned in Compton, p. 101 and R. P. 190.

[Liturgical]: The Liturgy of the New Church. To which is added the Psalms of David, with the Internal Sense. London. Hodson. 12mo. New edition; reviewed critically in I. I:420.

[Reports]: Hawkstone Report. No. 2.

Minutes of a General Conference of Ministers and Delegates of the Societies of the New Church. Held in London, May 6th and 7th, 1807. London. Hodson. 12 pp. Reprinted in E. pp. 98-110.

Report of the Manchester Printing Society. No 6.

The First Report of the London Society of the New Church. London. Hodson. 4 pp. folio.--S. S. L.

[Proud, Rev. Joseph]: An Answer to Mr. T-ks (the Layman) Gratis Letter to the Members of the New Church in London. By Nathan Non-Real. London. 16 pp.S. S. L.

[Tulk, John Augustus]: A Letter containing a few plain observations, addressed to the unbiased members of the New Church, especially in London. By a Layman. London. 8 pp. O. IV:63.--S. S. L.

Von Walden, H. F.: Frsk att framstlla sunda och frnuftiga begrepp om Skapelsen, andliga Werlden och Menniskans Sjl. (An attempt to Present sound and rational conceptions of the creation, the spiritual world and the human soul.) Copenhagen Thiele. 291 pp.--R. L.

Opfyldelsen af Johannis Aabenbaring. (The fulfillment of the Revelation of John.) Copenhagen. Thiele. 199 pp.--R. L.

Samling af nya utvalda Predikningar. (A collection of new, selected sermons.) Copenhagen Thiele. 168 pp.--R. L.

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS
America. The American Congress abolishes the slave-trade. An English warship attacks the U. S. frigate Chesapeake.

China. Rev. Robert Morrison, under the auspices of the London Missionary Society, establishes the first Protestant mission in China. The first American mission is established in 1829.

France and the Continent. Napoleon defeats the Russians at Friedland. Conference between Napoleon and Alexander I. on a raft in the Niemen.

Russia and Prussia make peace with France, at Tilsit. Jerome Bonaparte is made King of Westphalia. Napoleon conquers the Swedish possessions in Germany. The French invade Portugal and take Lisbon.

Germany. Hegel publishes his Phnomenologie des Geistes.

Great Britain. The British bombard Copenhagen. The slave-trade is abolished in the British Empire.

Fulton introduces steam navigation on the Hudson.

1808. America. Boston.Mr. Henry G. Foster receives the Doctrines.--Mess. 47:131.

Cincinnati.Adam Hurdus begins to conduct New Church worship in his own house; he builds an organ, the first in Cincinnati; Indians, as well as white people, are attracted to the services.Ex. 97; P. II:79.

Philadelphia.--The members of the New Church begin to hold meetings for conversation at the school-room of Mr. Johnston Taylor. Among the members are Daniel Thuun, Jonathan W. Condy, Johnston Taylor, F. Eckstein, Thomas Smith, M. M. Carll, Daniel Lammot, and others. No ladies attend the meetings.--N. I:164, 167; Mess. 33:195.

Great Britain. Birmingham, June 29-31.--The Seventh General Conference is held in the New Church Temple, on New Hall street. Five ministers and eleven delegates are present, beside many other members of the Church. Mr. Proud is appointed president, and Mr. Dawes secretary. Letters are read from the societies in Middleton, Bolton, Wigan, Kingley and Accrington; The original ordination of ministers, in 1788, is again recognized and continued. Resolutions are adopted, approving the Liturgy lately printed, and reaffirming the resolutions of the preceding year. A number of propositions are made to be submitted for confirmation at the next General Conference; most of these express a desire, and suggest means, for the promotion of fraternal and cooperating relations between the separatists and the non-separatists in the New Church. It is resolved to hold the next General Conference at Manchester, in June, 1809. See E. 111-125, R. P. 190.

[Photo of Rev. Richard Jones.]

June.--Mr. Richard Jones, of Manchester, is ordained a minister of the New Church by Messrs. Sibly and Proud, probably during the sessions of the Conference.--R. P. Appendix.

Glasgow.--The Doctrines are introduced here by Mr. Alexander Paterson.I. 1842:79.

Hawkstone. --Third annual meeting of non-separatists: resolutions are passed, responding warmly to the resolutions of the General Conference, in regard to fraternal relations and cooperation between those who had separated from external connection with the Old Church, and those who had not. The spirit prevailing at the two general meetings during this year is one of unusual charity, and undoubtedly contributed greatly to the soon following- end of the period of weakness in the New Church.Compton, 122.

London.--Mr. (afterwards Rev.) William Mason receives the Doctrines of the New Church.I. 1863:319.

Death of Henry Peckitt, Esq., the president of the original Theosophical Society, and of the First General Conference, in 1789.--D. II:1192; O. I:420.

Newcastle, April 10.--Mr. William Ellis is ordained into the ministry of the New Church by the Rev. James Hodson. Ellis was an ignorant and intemperate shoemaker and religious enthusiast, who, by his disorderly proceedings, brought the Church into disrepute in the city. He died not long afterwards, a lunatic.R. P. 388; G. H. 73; Hodsons Jeremiah in the Dungeon, p. V. Further particulars are given in M. L. 1895:156, 217.

Middleton.--Mr. Richard Boardman becomes the sole leader of this society.--M. L. 1896:459.

Ramsbottom.--A society is established here, with Mr. Jesse Holding as leader. The early history of the society is given in I:1833; 581; 1875:459.

Ringley and Kersley.--Historicals of the societies here are given in I. 1876:45.

Sweden. Skara.--Death of Rev. Aaron Mathesius, the original calumniator of Swedenborg.Carlson, 154.

PUBLICATIONS.
Swedenborg: Arcana Coelestia. Vol. V. London. Hodson. Second English edition.--A. L.

The True Christian Religion. First Chapter. Manchester. Mentioned in B. L.

Agutter, Rev. William: Sermons on Various Occasions. London. 255 pp.B. L. The author was a clergyman of the Church of England, but a zealous receiver of the Heavenly Doctrines, and an intimate friend of Mr. Clowes. The volume was published by The Philanthropic Society of London, of which Mr. J. A. Tulk was the head. This may have been the same as The London Society.

[Anonymous]: The Contrast; or Certain Doctrines of the Church of Scotland compared with the Doctrines of the New Jerusalem Church. Bedford, Pa. 16 pp. The author was perhaps Mr. Josiah Esby, of Bedford.--Cin. L.

Clowes, Rev. John: A Letter to T. Banning, Esq., containing Strictures on Mr. Jones late pamphlet, entitled A Friendly Address. Manchester. Mentioned in Compton, 101.

Elijahs Mantle. A sermon. Birmingham. 12 pp.--A. L.

The Divine Victory over Death and the Grave. A sermon. Birmingham. 12 pp.--A. L.

The Impossibility of Doing any Saving Good, until evil be renounced. Two sermons. Birmingham. 19 pp.--A. L.

The Sacred Doctrine of the Divine Trinity Considered. A sermon. Birmingham. 12 pp.--A. L. Three Sermons on the Lords Prayer. London. 35 pp. Third edition.--A. L.

[Reports]: Minutes of a General Conference of Ministers and Delegates from the Societies of the New Jerusalem Church, held in Birmingham, June, 1808. Birmingham. Martin. 16 pp. Reprinted in E. 111.

The Second Report of the London Society of the New Church. London. Hodson. 4 pp. folio.--S. S. L.

Hawkstone Report. No. 3.

Proud, Rev. Joseph: A Course of Lectures on the fundamental and most essential subjects of Christianity. London. Peacock. 354 pp.--B. M.

Von Walden, F. H.: Kjend din Gud (Know thy God; a loving command from on high). Copenhagen Thiele. 16 pp.--R. L.

Svar paa Sprgsmaalet i Dagen, angaaende den besvorne rene Evangelisk Lutherske Lre (An answer to the issue of the day, regarding the accepted orthodox Evangelical Lutheran doctrine). Copenhagen Thiele. 24 pp.--R. L.

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS.
America.--James Madison is elected president of the United States.

France and the Continent.--Napoleon annexes a large part of the Papal States to the Kingdom of Italy. He drives the Austrian dynasty out of Spain, and places his brother, Joseph Napoleon, on the Spanish throne; his brother-in-law, Murat, is proclaimed king of Naples.

Russia.--Russia captures Finland from Sweden.

Spain.--Joseph Napoleon abolishes the Inquisition in Spain. During its entire existence in this country it had punished 340,000 persons for heresy. Of this number, 32,000 had been burned alive.

1809. Denmark. Death of Commodore Frederic Herman von Walden.--Sundelin, 253.

An account of his life, character and works is given by Dr. Kahl in N. C. A. 1844:259. See also Kahl III:57-77.

Great Britain. Birmingham.--Rev. William Faraday retires from the pastorate of the society here. He is succeeded by Mr. James Meredith.I. 1878:291.

Brightlingsea.--The Doctrines are introduced here by Dr. Moses Fletcher. They are received first by Mr. Arthur Munson, a Wesleyan local preacher. A society begins to grow up.

Manchester.--The proposed General Conference is not held this year in consequence of the disturbed state of the Church in Manchester. The Temple in Peter street is closed, the former pastor, Rev. William Cowherd, having caused a division among the members. He establishes a new sect in Salford, styled Bible Christians, with a creed in which distorted New Church Doctrines are mingled with Vegetarianism and Total Abstinence from wine. The vagaries and heresies of Cowherd are described in R. P. 145, 147, 190.

A conference of the sympathizers of Mr. Cowherd is held at Salford, June 28-July 1. Rev. Joseph Wright, of Keighley, in Yorkshire, is present, having identified himself with the movement. A number of peculiar resolutions are adopted.E. 239-268.

Sweden. The liberty of the Press is restored, in consequence of a political Coup dtat. The Writings of the New Church are no longer forbidden, and New Churchmen are again permitted to publish their theological works.--R. P. 269; 15th Report of the Manchester Printing Society, p. 15.

PUBLICATIONS.
Swedenborg: Arcana Coelestia. Vol. VI. London. Hodson. Second English edition. Date of publication not stated, and hence uncertain.---A, L.

Clowes, Rev. John: Klopstock in Heaven, correcting his former ideas on Human Glory, in a Dialogue between him and his Meta. Manchester. 18 pp.--S. S. L.

On Science. Manchester. Mentioned in Compton, 127, 147.

Paradise Lost and Regained. Mentioned ibid.

The Laws of Divine Order stated and enforced as the only possible Security both of nations and individuals. A sermon. Manchester. 24 pp.--A. L.

Faraday, Rev. W.: The Protection of Kings, the Security of Thrones, and the Safety of the People. A sermon on the Jubilee of King George III. Birmingham. 22 pp.A. L.

Hodson, Rev. James: A Series of Discourses, practical and experimental, on the internal signification of the Israelitish Bondage and Deliverance. London. Hodson. 371 pp.--A. L.

[Reports]: The Seventh Report of the Manchester Printing Society.--Manchester. 4 pp. folio.--S. S. L.

Hawkstone Report. No. 4.

Report of a Conference held June 29-30, and July 1, 1809, in Christ Church, Salford. Manchester. Wheeler. 40 pp.--Cin. L. Reprinted in E. pp. 229-268.

Von Bulow, Baron Heinrich: Nunc Permissum Est. Coup dil sur la Doctrine de la Nouvelle Eglise Chrtienne, ou le Swedenborgianisme. Ouvrage posthume. A Philadelphia. 80 pp. (Now it is permitted. A glance at the Doctrine of the New Christian Church. A posthumous work.)

The author had died ill political prison at Riga in 1808. The place of publication (Philadelphia) is fictitious. It was published either at Berlin or Hamburg. See Gosses Portfeuille, p. 1.--A. L.

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS.
France and the Continent. The war between the French and English in Spain is continued.

Austria renews the war against Napoleon, and invades Bavaria and Poland, but is repeatedly defeated. Napoleon enters Vienna; he defeats the Austrians at Wagram. Peace of Schnbrunn; Austria is forced to give up all her Adriatic provinces.

Pius VII. excommunicates Napoleon, who arrests the pope, and carries him to Fontainbleau. The empress Josephine is divorced by Napoleon.

Germany. Death of Joseph Hayden, the German composer.

Great Britain. Death of Thomas Paine, the American patriot and anti-Christian writer, the lender of the freethinkers of his age.

Sweden. Revolution in Sweden. Gustavus IV. Adolphus is forced to abdicate; his uncle, the Duke of Sdermanland (the former member of the Exegetic-Philanthropic Society), becomes king of Sweden as Charles XIII.

1810. America. Baltimore, Md.--Letter from John Hargrove containing a very full exposure of Wesleys calumnies of Swedenborg.--N. C. R. 1849:24.

Lebanon, O.--Thomas Newport administers the sacraments here, and publishes an edition of Prouds Hymns.--Mess. vol. 47:200; 55:90.

Germany.--A story relating that Samuel Hahnemann was a reader of Swedenborgs Writings, is reported in W. Whites New Churchman, 2:107.

Great Britain. Derby.--Edward Madeley settles in this town and begins to gather around him a New Church society.I. 1852:476.

Glasgow.--A small society is organized here.I. 1842:80.

London, February 26.--Organization of The Society for Printing and Publishing the Theological Writings of the Hon. Emanuel Swedenborg (afterwards known as the Swedenborg Society ). The organizers are twelve prominent New Churchmen: John Augustus Tulk, Thomas Jones, Charles Jenkins, Samuel Noble, John Parry, Ch. A. Tulk, John Presland, Thomas Jones, of Longacre, Robert Armitstead, Samuel Sharpe, Robert Oliphant and G. Prichard,--all laymen. A fund of 4000 is raised at once. The nineteenth day of June is chosen as the anniversary day of the society.--R. P. 202. See also the Plan of the society, p. 4.

June 19.--First anniversary of the Swedenborg Society. The committee appointed on February 26 is continued without change. J. A. Tulk is chairman, Samuel Noble, secretary, and Charles Jenkins, treasurer.--R. S. S. no. 1.

December 20.--The aged Richard Shearsmith is visited by Mr. Robert Armitstead (a follower of Cowherd), who subsequently publishes a false account of Swedenborgs personal habits, representing him as a vegetarian and total abstainer. The brand is exploded by Hindmarsh in R. P. 196 and I. III:272.

Jamaica.--The Doctrines are received by the family of Chambers, at Lucea.I. 1871:54.

[Photo of Rev. Maskil M. Carll.]

PUBLICATIONS.
Swedenborg: Angelic Wisdom concerning the Divine Providence. London. S. S. 469 pp. Second English edition.---B. L.

Concerning the Last Judgment and Continuation concerning the Last Judgment. London. S. S. pp. 119 and 60. Second English edition; new translation by R. Hindmarsh.I. 1838:359; R. S. S. 2:10.--A. L.

Coronis to the True Christian Religion. London. S. S. First English edition, translated by Mr. Sibly.--D. II:1022.--S. S. L.

Index to the Arcana Coelestia, or Heavenly Mysteries contained in the Sacred Scripture. London. pp. 300, not numbered. Translated from the original Latin of Swedenborg, [by J. A. Tulk]; printed by the Philanthropic Society in St. Georges Field, and sold for the editor by the Society for Printing and Publishing the Writings of E. Swedenborg.R. L.

On the Athanasian Creed. Manchester. Wardle. 174pp. First English edition, published by the Manchester Printing Society.A. L.

On the White Horse. London. S. S. 44 pp. New translation, with a prefatory notice by the translator.A. L.

The Doctrine of Life for the New Jerusalem. London. S. S. 108 pp. Seventh English edition.--B. L.

The Doctrine of the New Jerusalem concerning the Sacred Scripture. London. S. S. Fourth English edition; mentioned in R. S. S. 2:10.

Clowes, Rev. John: The Distinction between the Ceremonial Law and the Law of the Decalogue. A sermon. London. Hodson 20 pp.A. L.

The Sole Exclusive Divinity of Jesus Christ, proved. A sermon. Manchester. 14 pp.--A. L.

[Liturgical]: Hymns and Spiritual Songs. For the use of the Christian Church. Extracted from Joseph Prouds Composition, a number of which were never before presented in the United States.

Lebanon, Ohio. Nathan MClean. 102 pp.

Published by Mr. Thomas Newport; Mess. vol. 55:90; a copy is owned by Milo G. Williams, of Urbana, O.

The Liturgy of the New Church. London. Hodson. 55 pp. A new, modified edition, adopted and printed by the London societies; mentioned in R. P. 175.--A. L.

Meyer, J. F. von: Hades, oder ein Beitrag zu der Theorie der Geisterkunde (Hades, or a contribution to the theory of the knowledge of spirits). Frankfurt. Deals extensively with Swedenborg and his miracles. Noticed in L. 1894:125.--A. L.

Nicholson, Rev. George: The Prophecies and Gospels reciprocal and inseparable, and the Divinity of Christ essentially necessary. Manchester. 86pp. The author, by this time, had left the ministry of the New Church, and had entered into the Anglican priesthood, though retaining his former faith.--S. S. L.

Proud, Rev. Joseph: A Second Course of Lectures on important and essential Doctrines and subjects of Christianity. London. 174 pp.--A. L.

Six Discourses delivered to Young Men and women, on a Truly Religious Life. London. Davidson. 107 pp.--Cin. L.

[Reports]: Hawkstone Report. No. 4.

Manchester Printing Society Report. No. 8.

Plan of the Society for Printing and Publishing the Writings of the Hon. Emanuel Swedenborg, instituted in London in the year 1810. London in the year 1810. London. Hodson.--A. L.

Report of the First Annual Meeting of the Society for Printing and Publishing the Writings of the Hon. Emanuel Swedenborg. London. Hodson.--A. L.

Sibly, Rev, Manoah: Hymns for the New Church. London. Second edition; mentioned in R. P. 176.

First and Second Catechism for the Use of the New Church. New York. Printed for the society. 20 pp.--Cin. L.

Tybeck, Rev. Johan: Predikan p Frsta Sndagen efter Trettondedagen. A sermon. Stockholm. Deleen. 20 pp.R. L.

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS.
America. Foundation of the American Missionary Society, in Boston. Hidalgo commences the Mexican war of independence from Spain.

France. Napoleon marries Maria Louisa, the daughter of Francis I., of Austria. Holland is annexed to the French Empire. Andreas Hofer, the Tyrolean patriot and hero, is betrayed to the French and executed.

Germany. The University of Berlin is opened.

Great Britain. Adam Clarke begins to publish his celebrated Commentaries on the Bible. Organization of the Primitive Methodist Connection, or Ranters, who secede from the Wesleyan Conference, owing to the latters opposition to camp-meetings. The English capture Mauritius from the French. Wellington operates successfully against Massna in Spain. George III. becomes permanently insane.

Russia. War between Russia and Turkey.

South America. A general struggle for independence from Spain begins in Venezuela, New Granada, Chili, and Buenos Ayres.

Sweden. Marshal Bernadotte is elected crown prince of Sweden.

1811. America. Cincinnati.--Adam Hurdus organizes a New Church society in this city, with 17 or 18 members.--Ex. 97; M. 17:76; P. II:79.

New York.--A society is organized at a meeting held in a school-house on James street. A reader is appointed, and regular Sunday worship is instituted.--N. J. Miss., p. 25; Mess. vol. 47:744.

Great Britain. Failsworth.--The Doctrines are introduced here by Mr. Thomas Wilson.I. 1847:150.

Keighley.--Death of Rev. Joseph Wright.--N. C. M. 1891:414. His death due to vegetarianism and tee-totalism, according to R. P. 148. His personality is described in M L. 1891:453.

He is succeeded by Mr. Thomas Wallworth as leader of the society, and a short time afterwards by Rev. Joseph Enoch.M. L. 1890:228.

London, February 18.--Institution of The Chain of Christian Friendship, a society for doctrinal study and mutual assistance, connected with Mr. Prouds congregation.I. II:106.

February 26.--Anniversary dinner of the Swedenborg Society.

It is voted to continue these banquets annually.--R. S. S. 1811: p. 7.

June 19.Second annual meeting of the Swedenborg Society. A report is read of the work done during the past year. A number of the smaller works have been published and advertised. The publication of a periodical is considered. John Flaxman, the celebrated sculptor, is elected a member of the committee.--R. S. S. 1811.

Manchester.--Robert Hindmarsh enters into engagement with Rev. W. Cowherd, to establish a printing office, for the publication of Swedenborgs works. The engagement lasts but a few months, owing to Cowherds erratic and insulting conduct.

July 7.--Mr. Hindmarsh accepts the pastoral charge of a newly established society in Salford. A small chapel is opened for him in Clarence street. He enters now upon his career as a preacher and minister.--R. P. 204; G. H. 109, 110.

Worsley, September 1.A New Church society is established here.I. 1848:114.

PUBLICATIONS.
Swedenborg: Apocalypse Explained. Vol. I. London. Hodson. First English edition; translated by the late Rev. William Hill, revised by the Rev. John Clowes, and printed at the joint expense of the Manchester Printing Society, and Messrs. James and E. Hodson.--D. II:988; I. 1853:80; R. S. S. I:14.A. L.

Coronis to the True Christian Religion. Manchester. Second English edition; translated by R. Hindmarsh, and published at the expense of Mr. John Parry, of London. The edition contains a dangerous interpolation by the translator.--See M. 19:18.--A. L.

Conjugial Love. 2 vols. Manchester. Second English edition; published by the Manchester Printing Society.A. L.

Index to the Passages of Sacred Scripture, contained in the Arcana Coelestia. London. 120 pp.

Published by The Philanthropic Society in St. Georges Field; edited by J. A. Tulk.B. L.

On the New Jerusalem and its Heavenly Doctrine. London. S. S. 246 pp. Sixth English edition; completely revised. S. S. R. 2:10.--B. L.

Clowes, Rev. John: Pure Evangelical Religion Restored. Birmingham. R. Peart. 68 pp.--A. L.

Hindmarsh, Rev. Robert: The Birth of Immanuel, or Incarnation of the Great Jehovah. A sermon. Manchester. Reviewed in I. II:110.

[Reports]: Hawkstone Report. No. 5.

Manchester Printing Societys Report. No. 9.

Report of the Second Annual Meeting of the Swedenborg Society. London. Hodson.--A. L.

Tybeck, Rev. Johan: Predikan p Juldagen. Stockholm. Deleen. 20 pp.R. L.

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS.
America. Organization of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church, (revivalists), in Kentucky. The Indians are defeated by General Harrison at Tippecanoe.

Egypt. Mehemet Ali massacres the Mamelukes at Cairo.

Great Britain. The Prince of Wales assumes the Regency The English, under Wellington, continue their victorious campaign against the French in Spain and Portugal. Death of Robert Raikes, the founder of the Sunday-school movement.

South America. The revolutionary movements in the Spanish dependencies are increasing in force.

1812. America. August 23.--Ordination of the Rev. Hugh White, M. A., into the ministry of the New Church, by Mr. Hargrove. Mr. White, who resided at Charlottesville, in Albemarle Co., Va., was formerly a minister of the Church of Scotland. But few particulars are known respecting him.--R. P. 220; I. II:214; M.43:545, 550.

Cincinnati, O.--An account of the New Church meetings here is given in a letter to London.I. I:201.

The evangelistic work of Johnny Appleseed is described in Mess. vol. 36: 58.

Danby, Tioga Co., N. Y.--Dr. Lewis Beers receives the Doctrines through The Halcyon Luminary.--R. P. 221; N. C. R. 1849:485.

Gardiner, Me.--Mr. John Savels, a paper manufacturer, introduces the Doctrines into Gardiner. He had received the Writings from Mr. Duche about 1793--Mess. 1856:159; M. 30:204.

Lebanon, O., January 4.--A society is organized here, with Thomas Newport as minister.--P. I:222.

New York City, January 1.--Publication of the first number of The Halcyon Luminary, by Samuel Woodworth, the celebrated poet. This was the first New Church Magazine published in America, and was highly effective in spreading the Doctrines in this country. It had more than 3,000 subscribes during the first year.

Great Britain. Hawkstone, July.--An account of the annual meeting here is given in I. I:218. From it we learn that societies exist in the following places near Manchester: Accrington, Bolton, Bury, Burnley, Blackburn, Chorley, Heywood, Haslingden, St. Helens, Kirkham, Lytham, Longridge, Middleton, Preston, Radcliffe, Ringley, Ramsbottom, Rochdale, Summer-Seat, Tottington, Worsley, Whitefield, and Wigan.

Measures are taken, at this meeting, for the preservation of documents relative to the history of the New Church.

Heywood, April.--Beginning of the New Church here.I. II:274; 1872:543.

Keighley, August 18.--Death of the Rev. James Hindmarsh, aged 81 years, the first ordained minister of the New Church.--Obituary in I. I:221.

London, January 1.--Publication of the first number of The Intellectual Repository. Mr. Samuel Noble, with the second number, becomes editor-in-chief.I. 1853:372. See also R. P. 214.

February 26.--Second anniversary dinner of the Swedenborg Society.--I. I:94.

April 16.--Death of the Rev. Dr. James Hodson, at the age of 59 years.--R. P. 175; I. I:164.

Biographical accounts in G. H. 90 and the 2d ed. of Hodsons Jeremiah in the Dungeon.

After Dr. Hodsons death, the Rev. Robert Brant, of Bristol, for a short time takes charge of the society in Dudley Court, and after him, for a few months, Mr. Samuel Noble.L. M. 1828:5, 6.

June 19.--Third annual meeting of the Swedenborg Society. But little work is reported.--R. S. S. no 3.

August 16.Ordination of Thomas Furlong Churchill, M. D., by Messrs. Sibly and Proud. Mr. Churchill takes charge of the society in Dudley Court.--R. P. App.; I. 1833:534.

Manchester, May 22.A provincial meeting of the Church in Lancashire is held here, about zoo persons attending. The proceedings are mostly of a doctrinal and social nature.I. I:156.

Robert Hindmarsh opens a New School of Theology at Salford, a public reading meeting, for the discussion of New Church Doctrines. The School after a short time, is closed, owing to the disorderly conduct of strangers.--R. P. 205-208.

Newcastle, August 6.A New Church society is organized here.--G. H. 73.

NOTABLE ARTICLES.
Intellectual Repository, Vol. I.

The miracle of the Cloven Tongues, discussed by Mr. Hindmarsh and G. Howarth, pp. 66, 145, 203, 349.

History of the Book of Enoch, pp. 84, 463.

On the external laws of order and the ministerial government in the New Church, p. 162.

Thoughts on Primordial Creation, illustrated by correspondences, p. 190.

Halcyon Luminary, Vol. I.

Letters from Mr. Hargrove, pp. 113, 304.

On the necessity of a new translation of the Word, p. 161.

True state of the present Christian Church, pp. 207, 250, 300, etc.

PUBLICATIONS.
Swedenborg: Apocalypse Explained. Vol. II. London. Hodson.

First English edition; mentioned in I. 1853: So.--A. L.

Apocalypse Revealed. London. S. S. 537 pp. Second English edition.--A. L.

Arcana Coelestia. Vols. VII and VIII. Manchester. J. Gleave. Second English edition; published by the M. P. S.--A. L.

The Doctrine of the New Jerusalem concerning the Lord. London. S. S. 156 pp. Sixth English edition; an edition du luxe, one of the finest ever printed.A. L.

On Heaven and Hell. Salford. Cowdroy and Slack. Fifth English edition; with three curious illustrations.--A. L.

On Heaven and Hell. Baltimore. Anthony Miltenberger. First American edition. See N. I:540--A. L.

On the Intercourse between the Soul and the Body. London. S. S. Sixth English edition; a new translation. See R. S. S. 2:4; 3:4B. L.

On the New Jerusalem and its Heavenly Doctrine. London. S. S. Seventh English edition; without the extracts from A. C.A. L.

On the Worship and Love of God. Part I: translation begun, but not finished, in the Halcyon Luminary, Vol. I.

Principia of Natural Things. A translation begun, but not finished, in I. Vol. I.

[Anonymous]: A Sermon occasioned by the Decease of the Rev. James Hodson. By a member of his society. London. Hodson. 28 pp. The author, probably, was Mr. Samuel Noble. See I. I:221. --A. L.

Clowes, Rev. John: The Golden Wedding Ring, or Thoughts on Marriage in a Conversation between the Father and his Son and Daughter. Manchester. Reviewed in I. I:110.

The Two Weavers; or a short Dialogue between Richard Bennet and John Cropland. Manchester. Gleave. 16 pp. --Cin. L.

Twenty-four Sermons on the Parable of the Marriage of the Kings Son. Manchester. 333 pp.
Reviewed in I. I:273--B. L.

Hindmarsh, Rev. Robert: Prospectus of the New School of Theology. Manchester. 8 pp. R. P. 205.--A. L.

Reflections on the Unitarian and Trinitarian Doctrines, pointing out the errors of both.... Occasioned by lectures delivered in Manchester, by the Rev. John Grundy, on the Unity of god and the Divine Trinity. Manchester. 47 pp. Reviewed in I. I:277.

[Periodicals]: The Halcyon Luminary and Theological Repository. A monthly magazine devoted to Religion and Polite Literature. Vol. I. New York. S. Woodworth. 586 pp. (each number 48 pp.) Edited by Samuel Woodworth, and conducted by a society of gentlemen.] Published by S. Woodworth and E. Riley, of New York, J. W. Burdett, of Boston, and Anthony Miltenberger, of Baltimore.

Mr. James Chesterman, of New York, defrayed the expenses of the publication. N. C. R. 1854:100. The history of the journal is given in M. n. s. VIII:25--A. L.

The Intellectual Repository for the New Church. For the years 1812 and 1813. Vol. I. London. 498. A quarterly magazine, each number of 56 pp. Printed and sold for a society of gentlemen. R. P. 214.--A. L.

[Reports]: Hawkstone Report. No 6.

Report of the Third annual meeting of the Swedenborg Society. London.--A. L.

Tenth annual Report of the Manchester Society for Printing and Publishing the Writings of E. Swedenborg. Noticed in I. I:104.

Sibly, Rev. Manoah: Hymns and Spiritual Songs for the use of the New Church. London. Hodson. 261 pp. Second edition.--B. L.

[Von Bulow, Heinrich]: Agathon, on Divine Worship. Lancaster, Pa. Translated from the German by W. Reichenbach, and published by Joseph Ehrenfried.

See M. n. s. XVII. May and M. 37:613.--The German edition was published at Lancaster, Pa. 1813

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS.
America. The State of Louisiana is admitted into the Union. The United States declare war against Great Britain. James Madison is re-elected president.

France.--Napoleon declares war against Russia, and invades the country with the Grand Army; he defeats the Russians at Smolensk and Borodino, and enters Moscow. The city is set on fire by the Russians, and Napoleon is forced to retreat; the Grand Army is destroyed; Napoleon returns to Paris.

Germany. Death of Johann Griesbach, the eminent Biblical critic.

Great Britain. Beginning of an orthodox reaction in favor of justification by faith alone, among the Anglican clergy. The Liverpool ministry comes into power.

Russia. The war between Russia and Turkey is ended by the peace of Bucharest.

South America. The Spanish are temporarily successful against the revolutionists.

Spain. The Spanish Cortes promulgate a liberal constitution. Wellington is victorious at Salamanca.

1813. America. Russelsville, Ky.--A former Baptist minister receives the Doctrines; he makes a public declaration of his change of faith, begins evangelistic work and reprints some of Mr. Clowes minor works.I. III:189.

Germany. Tübingen.--Immanuel Tafel, a young student at the University, (born at Sulzbach in Würtemberg, 1796), becomes acquainted with the Heavenly Doctrines, and enters upon a profound study of the Writings.--D. II:1332; M. II:17.

Great Britain. Brightlingsea, August 15.--Ordination of Mr. Arthur Munson into the ministry of the New Church, by Mr. Sibly and Mr. Proud. Mr. Munson continues to work at Brightlingsea and St. Osyth.--R. P. App.; I. I:492.

Haslingden.--The society here opens a circulating library of New Church works.M. L. 1890:197.

Hawkstone, July 9. The annual meeting appoints a joint committee of separatists and non-separatists to prepare a short creed for the New Church.

The creed, as afterwards adopted, is published in Compton, p. 140.

Dublin, Ireland, June 11.--letter from Mr. D. Radley, to the Swedenborg Society. The Writings find some sale in Ireland. About twenty receivers reside at Ballyrone.--R. S. S. 1813.

An edition of the New Jerusalem and its Heavenly Doctrine is published at Cork. 

Jersey, June 25.Letter from Mr. J. Gomm. Five or six receivers reside in this island. The Writings are wanted in French.--R. S. S. 1813.

London, February 26 --Third anniversary dinner of the Swedenborg Society. Sixty-nine members are present.I. I:380.

March 15.--A conference of ministers and delegates from the three societies in London is held at Fryars street. Mr. Proud is elected president. It is resolved to hold quarterly meetings is elected of the conference. Subsequent meetings are held on June 14, August 9 and September 13.

June 21.--Fourth annual meeting of the Swedenborg Society. Mr. Presland is elected chairman.

June 28.Extra meeting of the London conference. Mr. Proud reports a visit to Brightlingsea and describes the rise and growth of the New Church there and at St. Osyth.--R. L. C. p. 8.

September 13.--Fifth meeting of the London conference. Mr. Munsons ordination is reported. The creed, adopted at Hawkstone, is approved. A sixth meeting was held on December 12, for the consideration of a plan relating to the order of the ministry.--R. L. C.

There are, at this time, one hundred and eleven members connected with the Fryars street Society.I. I:489.

Manchester, June 16.--A general meeting is held to consider the institution of a Missionary Society. This movement leads to the organization of the Manchester and Salford Missionary Society, two years later.--R. P. 215; I. 1853:Jan.

March 15.--The corner-stone for a new Temple of the New Church in Salford is laid.--I. I:379, 422.

September 19.--Consecration of the new Temple in Salford; Mr. Hindmarsh is the resident minister.--R. P. 210; I. I:493.

Mr. Cowherds society in Salford is described in I. I:257.

Worsley, July 18.--Death of Mr. Thomas Berry, the founder of the New Church in Worsley.G. H. 102.

Holland.--The Rev. S. Tydeman, a Dutch minister, residing at Dort, receives the Doctrines. In a letter to London he describes the causes operating against the New Church in Holland.R. P. 386.

Jamaica. January 28.--Letter from Mr. Alexander Chambers, describing the state of the New Church at San Lucea and Westmoreland.--R. S. S. 1814. p. 9.

South America. Demerara.--Letters from Mr. James Glen, on the subject of Negro slavery, and from Mrs. Elizabeth Scott, with subscriptions for the Swedenborg Society.-I. I:341; R. S. S. 1814. p. 9.

Sweden. July---Death of Mr. Christian Johansen, the senior of New Church in Sweden. His extensive library is given to the society Pro Fide et Charitate, but is subsequently destroyed by fire.I. 1870:140.

The state of the New Church in Sweden, is described. Mr. Billberg, of Stockholm, is the chief supporter. Several things are said to have been printed, recently.--I. II:48.

NOTABLE ARTICLES.
Intellectual Repository. Vol. I. Expos of the heresies of Wm. Cowherd, p. 257.

Ordination and the distinctive Priesthood of the New Church discussed, pp. 408, 451.

Appointment of lay preachers recommended, p. 446

Halcyon Luminary. Vol. II. A biography of Emanuel Swedenborg, pp. 4, 62, 103, etc.

Address to the clergy of the United States, pp. 50, 221, etc.

PUBLICATIONS.
Swedenborg: Apocalypse Explained. Vol. III. London. S. S. First English edition. The publication has now been transferred to the Swedenborg Society. R. S. S. 4:4.--A. L.

Index Rerum in Apocalypsi Revelata ex operibus posthumis Em. Swedenborgii. London. John Bensley. 4to. 32 pp. Edited and published by J. A. Tulk.--R. L.

Hieroglyphic Key, a translation begun but not finished in the Halcyon Luminary. Vol. II.

The Heavenly Doctrine of the New Jerusalem as revealed from Heaven. Cork, Ireland. Bolster, No. 7 Patrick St. Published by a Society of Christian Friends, for the benefit of the Institutions of Sunday-schools and the Hibernian Bible Society. Eighth English edition; the only one ever published in Ireland; a reprint of the edition of 1784, with Nos. 1-9, and also the extracts from A. C. omitted. The publishers are unknown. See M. L. 1896:174; copies of this extremely rare publication are preserved in S. S. L. and R. L.

On the Divine Love and the Divine Wisdom. (From the Apocalypse Explained.) Manchester. 128 pp. Copy in the Library of the New Church Theological School in Cambridge, Mass.

Arbouin, James: Dissertations on the Regenerate Life, in Harmony with the Theological views of Baron Swedenborg, the undoubted messenger of the Lords second advent. London. 190 pp. Reviewed in I. I:376

Churchill, Rev. Thomas F.: A Sermon on the Commencement of the New Year. London. Hodson. 16 pp.--A L.

Clowes, Rev. John: a Letter to the Rev. John Grundy,... in reply to his appendix, addressed to the members of the New Jerusalem Church. Manchester. 80 pp. Reviewed in I. II:42.

Concerning the rich and the Poor in Heaven. Manchester. 24 pp. Cin. L.

The Divine Person and Character of Jesus Christ defended in opposition to the Unitarian and Socinian Doctrines. Manchester. 86 pp. Reviewed in I. I:374.

Parables on the Kings Servants, Explained. Manchester. Two parts.A. L.

The Parables Explained in the way of questions and answers. For the use of young people. Manchester. 31 pp.--A. L.

[DAillant de la touche]: The Beauties of Emanuel Swedenborg, comprising his opinions and visions. London. G. Hughes. 326 pp. Translated from the Abrg (Stockholm, 1788), by R. Socius, Gent. (= Mr. A. C. Worsley.) The work has been severely but justly criticized in I. I: 368.--A. L.

Grundy, Rev. John: Supplement to No. 8, of a course of Lectures on the principal Doctrines of Christianity, forming an Appendix to vol. I. Addressed to the members of the New Jerusalem Church. Manchester. Reviewed in I. I:436. A bitter attack on the New Church called forth by Mr. Hindmarshs Reflexions (1812).

Hawkins, Rev. Isaac: A Brief Account of the Life of the Hon. Emanuel Swedenborg. Taunton. 59 pp. Reprinted from N. J. M. 1790; with preface and notes by Mr. Hawkins.--A. L.

Hindmarsh, Rev. Robert: The Consecration and Dedication of the New Jerusalem Temple in Salford. Manchester. 15 pp.--A. L.

The Interview Extra-ordinary; or a Dialogue between the author. Athanasius, Arius, Socinus, and Dr. Priestly. Manchester. 60 pp. A polemic work of extraordinary force, though very curious in style.A. L.

The New School of Theology, open every Thursday evening at 8 oclock in Princes St., Manchester; conducted by R. Hindmarsh. Being an humble effort to proclaim the sole, supreme and exclusive Divinity of Jesus Christ, together with all the other Heavenly Doctrines of the new Jerusalem. Manchester. 24 pp. Reviewed in I. I:432.A. L.

[Liturgical]: Hymns for the use of the New Church. Manchester. Davis. 133 pp. Carefully corrected. A copy in the library of Rev. R. J. Tilson.

[Periodicals]: The Halcyon Luminary. New York. Second and last volume.--A. L.

The Intellectual Repository for 1813. Makes vol. I together with 1812.

Proud, Rev. Joseph: The Era of Light, or the Glorious manifestation of Christian knowledge in these latter days. A sermon. Birmingham 12 pp.--A. L.

Two Discourses on the Commencement of the New Year. London. Th. Goyder. Reviewed in I. 1813:380.--A. L.

[Reports]: Minutes of the London Conference of the New Church. London. Hodson. 12 pp. Reprinted in E., p. 269.--A. L.

Report of the Manchester Printing Society. A summary of contents is given in I. I:379.

Report of the Fourth Annual Meeting of the Swedenborg Society. London.--A. L.

Walter, Samuel: A Few Remarks on the Religious controversy now existing between Trinitarians, Unitarians and the members of the New Jerusalem Church. Manchester. 14 pp.--A. L.

White, Rev. Hugh, A. M.: Cosmogenia, containing an Illustration that Gravitation and Projectile Force, considered as abstract Powers, are insufficient to preserve Solar Systems in Existence; that this world was not made of nothing, nor of the Eternal and Imaginary atoms of Epicurus; that Nature or Matter originated of Spirit, etc., etc. Watertown, N. Y. Published for the proprietor by E. E. Camp. 1830. 31 pp.

A religio-philosophica1 tract of extreme interest and force, being the first attempt to apply New Church principles to scientific subjects. The date given on the title-page, 1830, is evidently a misprint, as Mr. White was then dead, and as parts of the Cosmogenia had been republished in the Intellectual Repository for 1815, p. 375. The style of publication also points to a much earlier date. A copy of this exceedingly rare pamphlet is owned by Rev. A. F. Frost, of Cambridge, Mass.

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS.
America. Beginning of Madisons second administration. The Americans gain numerous victories over the British on land and sea.

Germany.--The German people rise against the French. Napoleon is defeated by the allied armies of Russia, Sweden, and Prussia, in the great battle of Leipzig.

The French are expelled from Westphalia and Holland. Death of Wieland and Theodor Krner, the German poets.

South America. Bolivar defeats the Spanish in Venezuela and New Granada.

Spain Wellington defeats the French in the Pyrenees.

1814. America. Baltimore, Md.--Letter from Mr. Hargrove, resuming correspondence with the Church in England after the close of the war; describes the conversion of Rev. Hugh White and Dr. Louis Beers.I. II:212; R. P. 220.

Salem, Mass.--Death of Major Joseph Hiller, the first New Churchman in New England; father of Mrs. Margaret Prescott Hiller, and grandfather of the Rev. O. P. Hiller.Semi-centennial celebration of the Boston Society, p. 42.

South Carolina.--Dr. William Brazier, formerly a Methodist minister, receives the Doctrines through a book, sent with some merchandise by Mr. William Schlatter, of Philadelphia.Mess. 55:218; R. P. 221.

Spencer and Danby, N. Y.--Dr. Louis Beers openly announces his reception of the Heavenly Doctrines. Most of his hearers, members of the Universalist sect, continue to attend his ministrations.I. II:215; R. P. 221.

Germany. The New Church in England is greatly elated over a report of the enormous extension of the Church in Saxony, as related by a young man, lately returned from Germany. The report turns out to be fictitious, there being at this time but a single New Churchman known in Germany, an old gentleman at Bremen--I. II:219.

Great Britain. Brightlingsea, August 28.--A New Church chapel is consecrated here by Mr. Sibly.--I. II:164, 216; R. P. 217.

Burnley, Lancashire, January 9.--A chapel is opened here for New Church worship.-I. II:165.

Derby.A second New Church society is organized here.I. 1852:376.

Hawkstone, July 5.--The annual meeting adopts a resolution recommending the institution of tract societies throughout the kingdom.I. II:107, 220.

Heywood, October 9.--A place for public worship and Sunday-school is opened here; Mr. Richard Boardman officiates as minister.--R. P. 216; I. II:274; 1855:191; 1872:545.

Jersey.--Letter from Mr. Gomm, describing the rapid disposal of the Writings in French.--I. II:104.

Keighley, October 6.--Death of Mr. William Illingworth, son-in-law of Rev. James Hindmarsh, and one of the first prometers of the Sunday-school movement.I. II:275.

London, February 2.--Mr. Prouds congregation (York St.) removes to a chapel in Lisle St., Leicester Square, which is consecrated on this day. Soon after this movement, Mr. Proud resigns from the Pastoral charge of the society, and removes to Birmingham. Some of his most enthusiastic friends follow him to that city.I. II:109; 1878:291; G. H. 90.

March 11.--Twelve of the most prominent New Church laymen in London issue a printed Plan for erecting in the metropolis a freehold place of worship, to be appropriated to the services of the New Church, for ever. Nothing seems to have come of the proposition.I. II. No. 10, wrapper.

March 14.--Seventh meeting of the London Conference. Mr. Sibly is elected president, and Mr. John I. Hawkins, secretary. A committee is appointed to arrange a form of ordination.--E. 286. Six other meetings are held during the year. At one of these, held on September 26, a resolution is passed, approving of a Trinal order in the ministry.E. 291.

June 20.--Fifth annual meeting of the Swedenborg Society. Charles Augustus Tulk is the chairman. The anniversary dinner is given on the same day.I. II:163.

August.--The society at Dudley Court amalgamates with the society at Lisle street. Rev. Thomas Churchill becomes pastor of the united society. About 30 members, dissatisfied at Mr. Prouds resignation, leave the Lisle St. society, and open worship at St. Georges Field, with Mr. Thomas Goyder as leader.I. II:109, 221; 1873: 238; L. M. 1828:7; Goyders Autobiography, pp. 86, 90.

Russia. A Russian noble, in one of the interior provinces, orders all of the Writings that can be obtained in Latin.I. II:100.

[Photo of REV. THOMAS F. CHURCHILL.]

South America. Demeram, September.--Death of Mr. James Glen, the apostle of the New Church to America.--I. II:445; O. I:213. Biography, by C. Th. Odhner, L. 1895:105, 120.

Sweden. Stockholm, June 20.Letter from Mr. Billberg, president of the society Pro Fide et Charitate, opening communication with the Swedenborg Society, and asking for assistance to publish a new Latin edition of the Writings.--R. S. S. 1814:7; I. II:99.

An English translation of the Constitution of the society Pro Fide et Charitate is printed in I. II:104.

NOTABLE ARTICLES.
Intellectual Repository, Vol. II. On ecclesiastical order and ordination, pp. 10, 88, 92.

A comparison between Behmen and Swedenborg, by R. Hindmarsh, p. 188.

Swedenborg on the theory of magnetism, by the Marquis de Theme, p. 191.

PUBLICATIONS.
Swedenborg: Apocalypse Explained. Vols. IV and V. London. S. S. First English edition. R. S. S. 5:4; 6: 6

Concerning Infants and little Children in Heaven; how they are educated, etc. Manchester. 24 pp. Extracts from the Writings.--Cin. L.

On the Intercourse between the Soul and the Body. A Dutch translation of this work with Hartleys Preface, is said to have been printed in Holland about this time. R. P. 256

The Joys of Heaven. Manchester. 48 pp. A reprint of the introductory memorable relation in
Conjugial Love.--A. L.

[Anonymous]: A Dialogue between Captain Condescension and Jack Honesty. By Amicus Veritatis. Colchester. A scrupulous pamphlet attacking the New Church. R. P. 217.

[Arbouin, James]: The Second Advent. A Poem. London. 8 pp. Noticed in I. II:272.

Clowes, Rev. John: A Public Thanksgiving to the Almighty God, for the Restoration of Peace. Two sermons. Manchester. 40 pp.--A. L.

A Sermon of Thanksgiving for the Successes of His Majestys Arms and those of his Allies. Manchester. 17 pp.--A. L.

On Mediums, their Divine Origin and important Uses. Manchester. 316 pp. Reviewed in I. II:157.

The Divine Person and Character of Jesus Christ defended. Manchester. Davis. 76 pp.--Cin. L.

The Spiritual Sun, its existence and operations proved. Manchester. 44 pp. Reviewed in L II:268.--A. L. The author claims to have copied these books from their originals in the spiritual world, as presented to him in vision. Compton, p. 147.

Hargrove, Rev. John: A Sermon of Thanksgiving for the late deliverance of the City of Baltimore and its inhabitants, from the united and formidable attacks of the British Fleet and Army. Baltimore. Munroe. 10 pp. --Cin. L.

Hindmarsh, Rev. Robert: A Seal upon the Lips of Unitarians, Trinitarians, and all others who refuse to acknowledge the sole, supreme and exclusive Divinity of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ. Manchester. 600 pp. Reviewed in I. II:324.--A L. The work contains illustrations of one hundred and forty-four passages of Scripture in proof of the Doctrine of the Lord. An edition of the Interview Extra-ordinary forms an appendix. It is one of the most powerful evangelistic works ever published in the New Church.

[Periodical]: The Intellectual Repository for 1814; forms vol. II, together with 1815.

[Reports]: Report of the Fifth Annual Meeting of the Swedenborg Society. London.--A. L.

Sibly, Rev. Manoah: Rules for the Order and Government of the society of the New Church in Fryar St. Chapel, Doctors Common, London. London. Hodson. 12 pp.--A. L.

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS.
America. The United States armies are victorious over the British at Bridgewater and Lake Champlain. Washington is entered by the British, who soon evacuate. The war is terminated by the treaty of Ghent (Dec. 24). Organization of the Reformed Methodist Church. It adopts a non-episcopal form of government; (unites with the Wesleyan Methodist Church in 1834) Death of Rev. Thomas Coke, the first Methodist bishop in America. Organization of the Baptist Missionary Society.

Austria. A great congress of the continental powers assembles at Vienna, after the downfall of Napoleon, to reorganize the political system of Europe.

France. The allies invade France and enter Paris. Napoleon is forced to abdicate, and is imprisoned on Elba. First Restoration: Louis XVIII. is crowned king of France.

Germany. Death of Fichte, the famous metaphysician, professor at Berlin.

Great Britain. Organization of the Methodist Missionary Society. London is illuminated by gas.

Italy. Pope Pius VII., on the fall of Napoleon, and the evacuation of the French troops from the Papal States, returns to Pome, and restores the papal government and the Italian inquisition. The Jesuit order is re-established by a papal bull.

Spain. The Bourbons are restored; Ferdinand VII. enters Madrid, re-establishes the Spanish Inquisition and recalls the Jesuits.

Sweden. Denmark is obliged to cede Norway to Sweden.

1815 America. Boston, Mass.--Mr. Samuel Worcester receives the Doctrines, through Mr. Edward Dowse, who had received them through Rev. W. Hill.--M. II:120; 50th Anniversary of the Bridgewater society, p. 10.

Philadelphia Pa.--The New Church Circle here continues to meet at Mr. Carlls school-room in Norris alley, (near Second and Walnut streets), the services being led by Mr. M. M.

December 14.--Mr. Daniel Thuun in a letter to the Swedenborg Society speaks of the New Church in Philadelphia as fast increasing, and of the Divine Providence having suddenly raised among us a member [Mr. Schlatter], who in zeal and ardour to promote the New Church, is indefatigable. The members meet privately on week days, and publicly for worship on Sundays. Two Sunday-schools are being conducted.--R. S. S. 1816.

December 25.--Organization of The American Society for Disseminating the Doctrines of the New Jerusalem Church. The Hon. Jonathan Condy is elected president.N. I:165; Mess. vol. 34:39, 53; vol. 35:154.

Mr. William Schlatter, during the year, published editions of the Writings, for gratis distribution.

Great Britain. Birmingham.--Rev. Joseph Proud resumes the pastoral charge of the Birmingham Society.I. 1878:291; M. 15:226.

Edinburgh, October 8.--A New Church society, with ten members, is organized here. Meetings are held in a school-room at Leith Walk.--G. H. 53; N. C. M. 1881:50.

Hawkstone, July.--At the annual meeting here resolutions are adopted, recommending means for a more general communication between the members of the New Church throughout the world, and a more active support of the Intellectual Repository.I. II:440.

Liverpool, June 11.--Mr. Hindmarsh opens a chapel for the New Church in Cockspur street. Mr. Samuel Waiter is chosen minister. Mr. R. G. Sheldon receives the Doctrines.I. III:59; G. H. 60.

London, January 23.--Fifteenth meeting of the London Conference. A plan for Ordinances for the Regulation of the Ministry in the New Church is adopted, and copies ordered to be distributed among the societies of the New Church at large. This plan provides for a trinal order in the ministry.E. 291.

March 26.--The members seceding from Mr. Churchills congregation in Lisle St. open public worship in a chapel near The Obelisk, St. Georges Field, with Mr. Thomas Vaughan as minister.I. II:384; 1873:238 Goyders Autobiography, p. 90.

April 25.--Circular letter from the London Conference, inviting a General Conference, to be held in Manchester, August 14.E. 297.

June 19.Sixth annual meeting and anniversary dinner of the Swedenborg Society.--R. S. S. 1815:9.

September 18.--Ordination of Mr. Joseph Enoch, of Keighley, into the ministry of the New Church by Mr. Sibly.--R. P. App.

October 29.Ordination of Mr. Thomas Vaughan into the ministry of the New Church by Messrs. Proud and Sibly.--R. P. App.

A New Church lady, who is instructress to the royal princesses, introduces the Writings and Mr. Clowes works to one of them (Princess Charlotte), who becomes much interested in the Heavenly Doctrines. She died in 1817.Compton, p. 151.

Manchester, August 14-18.--The Eighth General Conference of the ministers and members of the New Church in Great Britain is held in Peter street. Four ministers and sixteen delegates are present. Robert Hindmarsh is elected president, and Richard Jones, secretary. Letters are read from various places. A resolution is passed establishing a trine in the ministry: the first degree is to consist of regularly ordained ministers, the second degree, of ordaining minister, and the third of one minister-superintendent for the New Church at large. Messrs. Sibly, Proud, Jones, and Churchill are recognized as ministers of the second degree. It is resolved to raise a fund for a Missionary Ministry, and Mr. Proud is requested to act as general missionary. The establishment of Sunday-schools is recommended.Conf. R. 1815; R. P. 237.

During the discussion on the subject of the ministry, one of the delegates, Thomas Seddon, a simple-hearted workingman from Ringley, states that he had ordained Mr. Samuel Dawson, of Bolton, on the canal-side.--G. H. 74.

October 18.--Institution of the North of England Missionary Society of the New Church. Mr. Hindmarsh is chairman. Funds are raised, enabling Mr. Proud to enter the missionary field.--R. P. 248, 249. History of the Institution.--N. C. M. 1885:133.

Wales--An edition of the New Jerusalem and its Heavenly Doctrines is published in the Welsh tongue.--R. P. 281.

Russia. Letter from a wealthy Russian councilor of State, M. Demetrius Alexieff, subscribing for six copies of the Apocalypse Explained, and desiring the (late) Rev. James Hodson to become his house-chaplain.O. VII:349.

PUBLICATIONS.
Swedenborg: Apocalypse Explained. Vol. VI. London. S. S. This completes the first English edition.I. 1853:80. R. S. S. 6:6.

The Doctrine of the New Jerusalem concerning the Lord. Philadelphia. Lydia Bailey. Second American edition; from a translation by W. Hill; published by Mr. W. Schlatter, for gratuitous distribution. N. I:541; R. P. 26d.--N. Y. L.

New Jerusalem and its Heavenly Doctrine. London. S. S. First Welsh edition; translated by Mr. Matthew Williams, and edited by Mr. T. Jones, both Welshmen. R. P. 218; R. S. S. 5:4.

A Summary Exposition of the Internal Sense of the Prophetical Books of the Old Testament and of the Psalms of David. Third English edition; issued in connection with the last volume of the Apocalypse Explained. R. S. S. 7:5. It was also issued separately. A copy is owned by Rev. Frank Sewall.

[Anonymous]: A Letter to Amicus Veritatis, the author of A Dialogue between Captain Condescension and Jack Honesty. By a Friend of the Injured. Colchester. 21 pp. The author was, probably, Rev. J. Proud.--S. S. L.

The Sole Divinity of Jesus Christ proved, in a work extracted from John Wesleys Arminian Magazine, Vol. XV, by which it appears that the sentiments of Baron Swedenborg and Mr. Wesley were in exact agreement on that important subject. Leeds. Reviewed in I. III:52; R. P 242.

Clowes, Rev. John: Miracles of Jesus Christ Explained Manchester. Noticed in I. 1816:378.

On Mediums. Second edition. Manchester. Davis. 316 pp.--A. L.

Sermons on Various Subjects. New York. 264 pp.A. L.

The Golden Wedding Ring. Manchester. Ninth edition.Cin. L.

The Mysterious Ladder, or Jacobs Dream, interpreted and explained in two Dialogues. Manchester.--B. M.

Hindmarsh, Rev. Robert: A seal upon the lips of Unitarians, Trinitarians, etc. Philadelphia, 343 pp. An edition of 1,000 copies published by Mr. Johnston Taylor, for gratuitous distribution. R. S. S. 1816; R. P. 286.--A. L.

Nicholson, Rev. George: Sermons on the Ten Commandments. Liverpool. 200 pp.--S. S. L.

[Periodical]: The Intellectual Repository. Vol. II; for the years 1814, 1815 London. Hodson. 448 pp. A. L.

Powell, David: a Sermon on Luke v: 32. Steubenville. 47 pp.--Cin. L.

[Reports]: Abstract of the Minutes of the London Conference of the New Church. No. 2. London. Hodson. 16 pp. Reprinted in E. 281.

Minutes of a General Conference of the Ministers and other members of the New Church held in Manchester, August, 1815 Manchester. Davis. 15 pp.A. L.

Report of the Sixth Annual Meeting of the Swedenborg Society. London--A. L.

Sibly, Rev. Manoah: A Brief, Calm and Dispassionate Defence of the New Church, against the foul and calumnious attacks of an anonymous writer, calling himself Amicus Veritatis. London. Hodson. 12 pp.A. L.

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS.
America. Andrew Jackson defeats the British at New Orleans (Jan. 8). Death of Rev. John Murray, the organizer of the Universalist Church in America.

Austria. Formation of the Holy Alliance, between Austria, Russia, and Prussia.

France.--Napoleon escapes from Elba, returns to Paris, and inaugurates the hundred days reign. Defeated at Waterloo, he abdicates again, gives himself up to the British, and is imprisoned on St. Helena. Second Restoration of Louis XVIII. Publication of Llorentes History of the Inquisition.

Germany.--The Germanic Federation is re-established by the Congress of Vienna. Death of Dr. Mesmer, the founder of the doctrine of Animal Magnetism, and forerunner of modern Spiritism. Death of Karsten Niehbuhr, the great Oriental traveler and Biblical scholar, known as the Herodotus of modern Biblical science.

1816. America. The subject of New Church Baptism much discussed during the year: it is made obligatory in Baltimore, optional in Philadelphia, and rejected in New England and New York State.--N. IV:29.

A new sect, called Halcyonites or the Free Church, attracts much attention among New Churchmen. It is supposed to be in perfect accord with the New Church, according to Mr. Clowes, but is repudiated by the first General Convention, held in Philadelphia, 1817, as being an anarchistic movement.--Compton p. 155; Conv. R. 1817:132.

Brownsville, Pa., September.--A small New Church Society is formed here, by the Rev. Robert Ayres.--Mess. 34:81.

Cambridge, Mass.--Mr. Thomas Worcester, a student at Harvard, receives the Doctrines by reading the Arcana Coelestia in Latin, a set of this work having been placed there in 1794 by Rev. William Hill. Mr. Worcester communicates the Doctrines to a number of fellow students.M. 2:367; 122.

Cincinnati, O.Adam Hurdus enters fully upon the work of the ministry, having been baptized, and ordained into the Priesthood of the New Church, at Baltimore, July 28, by Mr. Hargrove.--M. 43:550. Ex. 97.

Maryland, February 16.--Death of Mr. Ferdinand Wahlfart, a zealous and learned German New Churchman, one of the first in America.--M. 37:613; Mess. vol. 72:84.

New York City, January 27.--Organization of The Association of the City of New York, for the Dissemination of the Doctrines of the New Jerusalem Church. Nathaniel Holly is the president; Samuel Woodworth, vice president James Chesterman, treasurer, and Charles J. Doughty, secretary.--R. P. 273; I. III: 438; Conf. R. 1816:10.

November 14--Mr. C. J. Doughty, in a letter to the Swedenborg Society, describes the conditions of the New Church in New York.--R. S. S. 1817.

Ohio.--Further particulars about the evangelistic work of Johnny Appleseed, and of its practical results, are given in Mess. vol. 24:108.

Philadelphia, January 1.--A public notice is inserted in the daily papers, announcing the institution of the new Society, and inviting communications from readers of the Writings.--N. I:165; R. P. 286; M:29: 503; R. S. S. 1816.

Other particulars concerning the beginning of this movement.--Ex. 108; N. I:165.

June 6.--The corner stone is laid for a Temple of the New Church, at Twelfth and George (now Samson) streets.

The temple is built at the expense of Mr. William Schlatter.--N. I:166.

December 25.--Organization of The First New Jerusalem Church in the City of Philadelphia.--Ex. 108-109.

December 21.--Ordination of Mr. Maskill M. Carll into the Priesthood of the New Church, by Rev. John Hargrove. He is at once given ordaining power.N. J. C. R. p. 65; 561; 44: 394; Ex. 109-118.

Mr. William Metcalf, a follower of Cowherd, settles in Philadelphia, with a company of Bible Christians. An independent church is formed, which exists to this day.--B. M. I:55.

France.--Only four New Churchmen are known in France, among these M. Perault (or Perraud), the translator, and M. Girault.--R. P. 266; Conv. R. I.

Germany.--Only one New Churchman known in Germany, Herr Sanders, of Bremen.15th Report M. P. 5: p. 18.

Great Britain. Colchester, July 26.--Mr. Hindmarsh lectures with great success here and at St. Osyth.I. 1816:252.

Derby.--Mr. Proud does effective evangelistic work here, during the summer.I. 1816:186.

Hawkstone, July 4.--New Church Baptism is discountenanced at the annual meeting. Summary of proceedings given in I. III:247-508.

Ireland.--Two small societies exist, at Mountrath, and at Ballyrone, 40 miles from Dublin.--I. III:191.

London, June 19.--Seventh Annual Meeting of the Swedenborg Society. Mr. Prichard, chairman. Mr. Henry Butler is elected a member of the committee. John Flaxman delivers an address.--R. S. S. 1816.

July 16-18.--Ninth General Conference of the New Church in Great Britain, held in the Temple in Fryars St. Five ministers and nine delegates are present. Rev. M. Sibly is elected president and Samuel Noble, secretary. Letters and reports are presented from Liverpool, Keighly, Hall, Salford, Manchester, Birmingham, Darby and the three societies in London.

Communications are read from Baltimore and New York, News are received of societies existing in Huichamflower, (Somersetshire,) Leeds, Norwich, Ipswich, Scarborough, Newark, Leicester, Northampton, and Barnsley, in Yorkshire. Mr. Proud reports two successful missionary journeys in Yorkshire and Lancashire. Resolutions are adopted, approving of the regulations adopted by the Conference of 1815, with exception of the statute referring to the Minister-Superintendent. The missionary work is further organized, and Mr. Hindmarsh appointed general missionary.-- Conf. R. 1816.

Manchester, March.--Death of Mr. Samuel Mottram, one of the earliest receivers in England. He bequeathed a tenth of his property to the Printing Societies in London and in Manchester.--R. S. S. 1816-1817.

March 24.--Death of Rev. William Cowherd, the first heresiarch infesting the New Church.--Particulars respecting him.--R. P. 148, 195, 199; O. I:71; G. H. 69, 109; J. Bayleys New Church Worthies, p. 145; M. L. 1891:355.

May 20.--Robert Hindmarsh writes an address to the Emperors of Austria and Russia, and the King of Prussia, on the subject of the Holy Alliance. He receives a courteous reply from the latter.--R. P. 251.

Holland. Rotterdam, July 18.--letter from Mr. Charles Ley, describing what little has been done for the New Church in Holland.--R. P. 256.

Sweden.--Stockholm, July 1.--Letter from Mr. Billberg, describing the renewed activities of the New Church in Sweden. 160 have been received from England by the Society Pro Fide et Charitate, to assist in the work of publishing the Arcana Coelestia in Swedish.--R. P. 268-270.

NOTABLE ARTICLES.
Intellectual Repository, Vol. III. The slow growth of the New Church no cause for despondency, p. 1.

Swedenborgs Latin style justified and commended; p. 107.

Swedenborgs Preface to the Opera Philosophica et Mineralia, translated by R. Hindmarsh; p. 139.

PUBLICATIONS.
Swedenborg: Angelic Wisdom concerning the Divine Love and Wisdom. London. S. S. Second English edition. R. S. S.

Arcana Coelestia. Vol. VI. Manchester. J. Gleave. Second English edition.--A. L.

Extracts from the Theological Works of Emanuel Swedenborg. Philadelphia. Lydia Bailey. 90 pp.--A. L.

Om Dyrkandet och Krleken till Gud (On the Worship and Love of God). Stockholm. Deleen. First and only Swedish edition. Only 48 pages were printed. The translation is the work of the Rev. A. A. Afzelius, a famous Swedish prelate, poet and hymnologist, member of the society Pro Fide et Charitate.--N. Y. L.

On the Worship and Love of God. Manchester. Second English edition; new translation by Rev. John Clowes; noticed in I. 1816:190:378.

The Doctrine of Life for the New Jerusalem. Philadelphia. Lydia Bailey. Second American edition; published by Wm. Schlatter for gratuitous distribution. N. I:541--B. L.

The Doctrine of the New Jerusalem concerning the Sacred Scripture. Philadelphia. L. Bailey. Second American edition; published by Wm. Schlatter for gratuitous distribution. N. ibid.--B. L.

[Anonymous]: The Golden Key, proving an Infernal, Spiritual Sense to the Holy Word. Introduced as Dreams of translations into Paradise. London. 416 pp.--B. L.

Carll, Rev. M. M.: A Discourse delivered at the New Jerusalem Temple in Baltimore, August 4th, 1816. Baltimore. 11 pp.--Cin. L.

[Catalogue]: A Catalogue of the Theological Works of the Hon. Emanuel Swedenborg, and of other works for the New Church. Manchester. Davis. 23 pp. Extensive and descriptive.--S. S. L.

Clowes, Rev. John: Sermons on the Lords Prayer and the Ten Commandments. 5th edition. Manchester. 408 pp.I. III:179.

A Sermon on the Sacred Doctrine of the Divine Trinity. Washington City. 24 pp.Cin. L.

A Letter to Rev. John Grundy. Manchester. 55 pp. Second edition.--Cin. L.

Hargrove, Rev. John: Sermon on the true nature of the Resurrection of Man. Baltimore. W. Warner. 15 pp.--A. L.

Hawkins, Rev. Isaac: The Doctrine of the Trinity clearly stated and explained. Manchester. 14 pp.--A. L.

Hindmarsh, Rev. Robert: A Compendium of the Chief Doctrines of the True Christian Religion. London. Hodson. 166 pp. Reviewed in I. III:236.

A Seal upon the Lips of Unitarians, etc. Second English edition. Manchester. 592 pp.--A. L.

Remarks on the Holy League. Manchester. 48 pp. Reviewed in I. III:117.--A. L.

[Liturgical]: The Liturgy of the New Jerusalem Church, being chiefly compiled from a Liturgy now in use in Great Britain, and respectfully recommended to the use of the societies of the New Church in the United States. Philadelphia. 101 pp. 18 mo. Compiled by the Hon. Jonathan Condy.--N. I:166.

Morgon och Aftonbner (Morning and Evening Prayers). Stockholm. Marquard. 12 pp. Third edition. Author unknown.--A. L.

Nicholson, Rev. George: Two Letters an Regeneration and Conversion. London. 192 pp.--S. S. L.

[Periodical]: The Intellectual Repository for 1816. Makes Vol. III together with 1817.--A. L.

Proud, Rev. Joseph: Sermon on the Second Advent. Philadelphia, Published by W. Schlatter; mentioned in R. P. 268.

[Reports]: Fourteenth Annual Report of the Manchester Printing Society. Manchester.--A. L.

Minutes of a General Conference of the New Church, held in London, July, 1816. London. Hodson. 37 pp.--A. L.

Report of the Seventh Annual Meeting of the Swedenborg Society. London.--. L.

Sibly, Rev. Manoah: Sermon on the Resurrection. Philadelphia. Published by Wm. Schlatter. Mentioned in R. P. 268.

Tybeck, Rev. Johan: I Jesu Namn. Christliga Predikningar (Christian Sermons). Stockholm. 230 pp.--A. L.

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS.
America. James Monroe is elected President of the United States. Indiana is admitted into state-hood. Foundation of the American Bible Society, (undenominational), at New York. Organization of the African Methodist Episcopal Church, with Rev. Richard Allen as the first bishop. Death of Bishop Asbury, the great organizer of the M. E. Church in America, and of Rev. Jesse Lee, next to Asbury the chief propagator of early American Methodism, especially in New England.

Italy. The kingdoms of Naples and Sicily are united into the kingdom of the Two Sicilies.

1817. America. July and August.--Rev. M. M. Carll, and Jonathan W. Condy undertake a joint evangelistic journey through Maryland, Pennsylvania, Western Virginia and Ohio. It is reported in R. P. 279-281; Mess. 33:261.

Baltimore, Md.--The society is said to have increased by nearly one-half in number, within a year; a Sunday-school has been established.N. J. C. R. 135.

October 26.--Death of Rev. Adam Fonerden, one of the earliest and most prominent of the receivers in Baltimore; biography in M. 14:182.

Bedford, Pa.-The society here consists of eight persons. One of these, Mrs. Nawgle, a German woman, is an especially interesting and remarkable case of the reception of the Heavenly Doctrines by the simple.--Conv. R. 1817:146.

October 21.--Death of Miss Lavinia Murdock, one of the earliest New Church women in the world; she has been described as not a whit less than an angel.--N. III:236; I. VI:203.

Boston, Mass. May 24.--A meeting is held at the house of Dr. James Mann; the members resolve to open communication with the church in Philadelphia, and a secretary is appointed. Conv. R. 1817:144.

There are at this time about twenty members of the New Church in Boston; their first meetings are described in M. 7:722; II:120; Mess. 47:13.

Danby, N. Y. March 16.--A society of twelve members is formed here, with Rev. Lewis Beers as pastor. Another society, also under the care of Mr. Beers, is formed at Spencer, near Danby; it consists of eleven members.--Conv. R. 1817:142.

Lebanon, O.--The New Church people here, about twenty in number, form themselves into an organization styled The Turtle Creek Society, with Mr. Thomas Newport as leader.Ibid. p. 135.

New York City.--Public services are conducted in a school-room on Broadway, near Anthony street; fifty to sixty persons attend the worship, which is conducted by Mr. Samuel Woodworth.Ibid. p. 134. Particulars respecting Mr. Woodworth are given in Mess. vol. 63:89, 137, 157, 203.

Philadelphia. January 1.--Consecration of the first Temple of the New Church in this city; the building and the occasion are described in N. I:165; De Charms External Church, p. 51, and a picture of the Temple is given in N. J. C. R. 1817:64.

[Photo of First New Church Temple in Philadelphia.]

January -- Publication of the first number of the New Jerusalem Church Repository.

January 19.--Dr. Lewis Beers is ordained into the Priesthood of the New Church by Rev. M. M. Carll.--N. J. C. R. 137; Ex. 121.

March 26.--Mr. Daniel Thuun, in a letter to London, describes the progress and harmonious state of the Church in Philadelphia.

Books have been sent as far west as Missouri.--R. S. S. 1817.

May 15-17.--Members of the New Church in the United States hold their First Annual Convention in the new temple in Philadelphia. There are present receivers from New York, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Virginia, Ohio, Scotland, and Sweden. Rev. John Hargrove is elected president, and Mr. Condy Raguet, secretary. A committee is appointed for the regulation of ordinations into the Priesthood. A number of communications are read. Measures are adopted for the continuation of the annual conventions. A resolution is passed, repudiating any connection of the New Church with the sect of Halcyonites. The report of this important meeting is published in the New Jerusalem Church Repository for July, 1817. The harmonious and happy state prevailing during this Convention, and the two next following, is described in N. IV:20.

May 20.--Mr. David Powell, of Steubenville, O., and Mr. Richard H. Goe, of Wheeling, Va., are ordained into the Priesthood by Rev. M. M. Carll.--N. J. C. R. 1817:200.

June 22.Mr. William Schlatter, in a letter to England, describes the state and work of the society in Philadelphia, which now numbers fifty-five members.--R. P. 285; R. S. S. 1818.

November 1.--Death of Mr. Francis Bailey, the first receiver and promoter of the Heavenly Doctrines in America; biographies of this original pioneer are found in N. J. C. R. 326; M. n. s. VIII:99; Mess. vol. 47 and our sketch in L. 1896:85.

Platikil, near Newburgh, N. Y.A small society, with Mr. James Bank as leader, exists here.--Conv. R. 1817.

Steubenville, O.--Rev. David Powell administers here to a society of twenty members.Ibid. p. 135.

An interesting account of the work of Johnny Appleseed in southern Ohio, is given in the 15th Report of the Manchester Printing Society.

Virginia.--Circles of receivers exist in Abingdon and Wheeling, and also at Charleston, S. C.

Washington, D. C.--The peculiar but effective methods of evangelization adopted by the New Churchmen here are described in the 15th Report of the Manchester Printing Society.

Denmark. November 20.--letter from Justus von Kaufmann, Danish Councillor of State, declaring his faith in the Writings.--R. S. S. 9:15.

France. Paris.--Charles Augustus Tulk visits France and meets MM. Parraud, Girault, Verdier and Bousie, the only known receivers. A book-seller, M. Barrois, states that there is great demand for the Writings.N. J. C. R. 137.

Germany. November 26.--Letter from Johan W. Langsdorf, Privy Councillor and Court Director at Giessen, in Hesse, calling upon the Swedenborg Society to publish the Writings in German.--R. S. S. 9:16.

December 5.--Letter from P. E. Mllensiefen, of Iserlohn, in Westphalia; he mentions five or six receivers known to him in Germany.--R. S. S. 9:17.--See also, respecting Immanuel Tafel, in Tübingen, I. 1863:560; M. 11:17.

Great Britain.--Rev. Isaac Hawkins, at the age of seventy-eight years, completes a journey through England, during which he visits thirty-two societies of the New Church.--R. P. 261.

July 28, September 3.--First evangelistic journey of Robert Hindmarsh. He visits Preston, Lancaster, Glasgow, Edinburgh, Newcastle, Hull, York and Leeds, creating great excitement and interest everywhere. His lectures are very often attended by more than a thousand persons.--R. P. 289-298; I:III: 503; Mess. vol. 29:10; N. C. M. 1881:50.

Clifton, near Bristol, June 7.--Death of Rev. William Faraday, formerly pastor of the Birmingham Society.--I. III:514.

Derby, August 12-14.Tenth General Conference. There are present four ministers, five leaders and eighteen delegates. Rev. Richard Jones is elected president, and John Isaac Hawkins, secretary. Numerous letters and communications are read. The appointment of a Minister Superintendent is postponed. It is resolved that the General Conference meet regularly once a year.

New Church education is recommended. Exceptions are taken to some of the resolutions of the Hawkstone Assembly. Ministers are recommended to take under their care students for the ministry. Measures are adopted looking to the establishment of uniformity in external worship.--R. P. 281-283; Conf. R. 1817.

Heath, December 11.--Death of Rev. H. W. Coulthurst, D. D., Vicar of Halifax; an affectionate but timid receiver of the Doctrines.--I. 1818:129; Compton, p. 168.

Leeds.--Mr. John Parry, formerly a Methodist preacher, comes out openly for the New Church.--R. P. 299.

Liverpool.--A third split occurs in the Liverpool Society: one party establishes worship at School Lane, under R. Kendall; another party worships at Lime St. Academy, under J. W. Swift.--G. H. 61.

[Photo of Rev. Thomas Goyder]

London, June 19.--Eighth annual meeting of the Swedenborg Society.--R. S. S. 1817; I. 1818:151.

July 20.--Mr. Thomas Goyder is ordained into the Priesthood of the New Church by Rev. Messrs. Sibly and Churchill. He takes charge of the Society in St. Georges Field, in succession of the Rev. Thomas Vaughan.--I. 1873:23; G. H. 66.

August 23.--Death of Mr. Henry Servant.Biographies are given in I. III:515; O. I:212.

September 14.--Death of Mr. Edward Hodson, for many years the principal printer and publisher of New Church works in England.I. III:516.

November.--Captain Ludwig Granholm, of the Swedish navy, visits Swedenborgs tomb, opens the coffin and abstracts the skull, which he vainly offers for sale to Mr. J. I. Hawkins and other members of the New Church.

The thief dies not long afterwards, and the skull is restored to its resting-place.--See R. P. 399-403; Goyders Autobiography, 134-137; Carlson, 119.

During the year, Charles A. Tulk becomes acquainted with Coleridge, and becomes affected by the idealistic system of that philosopher.I. 1828:189.

Manchester. Tames Johnston, an ignorant working man, member of the Church in Salford, begins to receive visions and revelations. This may be regarded as the first instance of spiritism in the New Church.--See Johnstons Diary.

Preston. July.--The lectures of Mr. Hindmarsh lay the foundation of the New Church in this place.--M. L. 1894:128

Holland. Rotterdam. July 29.--Letter from Mr. Charles Ley, who states that he has advertised the Doctrines and the printing societies of the New Church in various continental newspapers.--R. P. 284; R. S. S. 9:12.

Sweden. Carlscrona. December 12.Letter from a Swedish prelate, giving an account of the New Church in Sweden, and suggesting means of propagating the Doctrines. A list of the most prominent receivers is given. Most of these reside in Westergothland. (Dr. Knös, Rev. J. P. Odhner, L. Gyllenhaal and C. J. Schnherr are the most active).--R. S. S. 9:18; I. 1819:351.

Stockholm.--Great scandal against the New Church is caused by the publication of a book entitled Consolation for the Criminal, by Col. Sturtzenbecker, a quasi-New Churchman, who here perverts the doctrines of the Omnipotence of God and the freedom and responsibility of man.--Kahl. 4:1-8.

Switzerland.--A New Church society is formed at Churwalden, with Mr. Daniel Naeff as leader.--R. S. S. 9:13; the history of the government is given in Mess. vol. 32:161.

NOTABLE ARTICLES.
Intellectual Repository. Vol. III. The nature of the Lords Resurrection-body: a discussion between Mr. Clowes and Mr. Noble, pp. 435, 491, 495.

New Jerusalem Church Repository. An account of Em. Swedenborg, by Rev. Nicholas Collins, p. 36.

The Doctrines of the Church of Scotland attn of the New Jerusalem Church contrasted, p 68.

Journal of the First Annual Convention, held in Philadelphia, 1817, p. 129.

PUBLICATIONS.
Swedenborg: On Heaven and Hell. London.--S. S. Sixth English edition; a new translation by Mr. Clowes.--R. S. S. 8:8.

Himmelska Lnnligheter (Arcana Coelestia). Vol. I, part 1 (nos. 1-66). Stockholm. Carl Deleen. First Swedish edition; translated by Deleen, and published by the society Pro Fide et Charitate, assisted by the Swedenborg Society.--A. L. A German edition of the New Jerusalem and its Heavenly Doctrine is said to have been published in Switzerland about this time.--R. S. S. 9:13.

[Anonymous]: A Glass from The Book: Historical fact and ocular demonstration, showing the mysteries of the late Emanuel Swedenborg. By a Believer in one God and Father of all. Philadelphia. W. Fry. 104 pp. A mass of nonsense, directed against the New Church.--A. L.

Brief Remarks on a Pamphlet, entitled Animadversions on the Articles of Faith as believed in the New Church, humbly addressed to the inhabitants of Skipton and its vicinity by Theophilus. In a letter addressed to the same inhabitants. By a Stranger. Skipton [York Co., England]. J. Mead. 36 pp.--Cin. L.

The Golden Key, proving an Internal, Spiritual Sense to the Holy Word. London. 392 pp. Second edition.--A. L.

Treatise on the Divine Trinity. Philadelphia. 52 pp. Copy in the Philadelphia Historical Society.

Arbouin, James: Dissertations on the Regenerate Life. Philadelphia. 102 pp. Urbana Library.

Clowes, Rev. John: Scripture Histories. Part I. Manchester.--A. L.

The Miracles of Jesus Christ Explained. Manchester. 360 pp. Reviewed I. III:430.

The Parables of Jesus Christ Explained. Manchester. Reviewed in I. III:370.

Goyder, Rev. Thomas: A Sermon on Pastoral Duties. London. 22 pp.A. L.

Hindmarsh, Rev. Robert: A compendium of the Chief Doctrines of the True Christian Religion. Second edition. London. S. & H. Hodson. 166 pp.--A. L.

Gedachten over het Heilig Verbond (Remarks on the Holy League). Rotterdam. Translated into Dutch, and published by Mr. Charles Ley.--Gosse. p. 42.

The New Jerusalem Te Deum, or Hymn of Praise to Jesus Christ. Manchester, 4 p.--S. S. L.

Jones, Miss Elizabeth: An Interesting Correspondence between Rev. John Johnson, pastor of the First Presbyterian church in Newburgh, N. Y., and Miss Elizabeth Jones, relative to the change in her opinions, which occasioned her dismissal from his church. New York. 42 pp. The author, a recent convert to the New Church, a lady of very limited education, but wile, from an intimate acquaintance with her Bible and Swedenborgs theological works, has been enabled to wield the weapons of argument with a force almost irresistible.--R. P. 278.

The first edition of this pamphlet being quickly exhausted, a second edition was published, the same year, in Philadelphia. Editions were subsequently printed in Manchester and in London.--A. L.

Nicholson, Rev. George: Sermons on the Unrivalled Excellency of the Sacred Scriptures. London.--S. S. L.

[Periodicals]: The Intellectual Repository for 1817, completing Vole. III.

The New Jerusalem Church Repository. A quarterly magazine, published by The American Society, etc., and edited by Hon. J. Condy and others, in Philadelphia. This is one of the best conducted journals ever published in the New Church. The last number was issued in October, 1818.

The history of the publication is given in M. n. s. VIII:94.

Prescott, Mrs. Margaret: Religion and Philosophy United; or an attempt to shew that philosophical principles form the foundation of the New Jerusalem Church, as developed to the world in the mission of the Hon. Emanuel Swedenborg. Boston. 55 pp. For notices of the author see R. P. 278; P. III:48.--A. L.

Proud, Rev. Joseph: the Tears of a Nation. A Sermon on the death of Princess Charlotte Augusta and her infant son. Birmingham. 21 Pp.--A. L.

[Reports]: General Conference. Minutes of the Tenth Session. London.--A. L.

General Convention. First annual journal: published in N. J. C. R. 1817 pp. 129-148.--A. L.

Manchester Printing Society. Fifteenth Report. Manchester. 24 pp.--A L.

Missionary Ministry. First report of the committee appointed to manage the affairs of. Manchester. 46 pp.--Cin. L.

Swedenborg Society. Report of the Eight Annual Meeting. London:--A. L.

Salmon, J. W.: the Beauties of Hawkstone Park. A poem in celebration of the annual New Church meetings held in this place. Reviewed in I. III:445.

[Sturtzenbecker, Col M.]: Trst fr den brottslige. Af en knslofull (Consolation for the Criminal, by a sentimental person). Stockholm. Deleen. The edition was confiscated by the government and the publisher fined, on account of the tendency of the work to encourage crime. The errors here presented were successfully controverted by the Rev. Johan Tybeck and its connection with the New Church repudiated.--Kahl 4:1-8.

Tybeck, Rev. Johan: Biblisk frklaring fver Hgmessotexten. Gud var i Christo och frsonade werlden med sig sjelf. (Biblical explanation of the text, God was in Christ, reconciling the world unto himself. 2 Cor. 5:19). Stockholm. Deleen. 51 pp.

The author, soon after the publication of this work, was tried for heresy and finally deposed from the Priesthood of the Established Lutheran Church of Sweden.--A. L.

Upplysande Anmrkningar vid Skriften Biblisk Ffklaring (Notes in explanation of the preceding work). Stockholm. 30 pp.--A L.

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS.
America. Mississippi is admitted into state-hood.

France. Publication of Cuviers Rgne Animal.

Germany. The government of Prussia enforces a union between the Lutheran and the Reformed churches in the kingdom, establishing the United Evangelical Church as the state-church; an episcopal form of government is established and several titular bishops appointed. The Old Lutherans protest in vain. Death of Jung Stilling, the celebrated preacher, theosophist, and mystical interpreter of the Apocalypse.

Servia. Milosh Obrenovitch is elected prince of the Servians.

South America. Bolivar assumes chief control in Venezuela.

Switzerland. Socinianism is now generally triumphant in the old Calvinistic stronghold in Geneva.

1818. America. Baltimore, Md., April 30-May 2.--Second General Convention. Mr. Hargrove is elected president, and Mr. Condy Raguet, secretary. It is recommended that, until further regulations of the ministry shall have been established, no persons are to be ordained by the sanction of the churches in Baltimore or Philadelphia, without the concurrence of the ministers of both of these churches. The committee appointed at the last convention gives a caution against extempore preaching by the laity, and protests against the administration of the sacraments by laymen. A committee is appointed to prepare a catechism.--N. J. C. R. 1818:401.

Bath, Me.--A New Church association is formed here by six gentlemen.M. 30:206.

Boston, Mass., August 15.Rev. M. M. Carll, of Philadelphia, is present at the formal organization of the New Church in Boston. Mr. Thomas Worcester is chosen the leader of the society. On the following day, Sunday, the public worship of the New Church is conducted for the first time in New England. Particulars are given in M. II:122; 30:538; M. n. s. II:359, 364; N. III:141; Mess. vol. 47:131; Ex. 131, 132; R. P. 303, and in the Report of the Fiftieth Anniversary of the Boston Society.

Cambridge, Mass.--Among the graduates of Harvard, this year, appear the following young- men, all of whom afterwards rise into prominence in the history of the New Church: Thomas Worcester, Warren Goddard, Sampson Reed, and J. H. Wilkins; and among the undergraduates, Theophilus Parsons, T. B. Hayward, Caleb Reed, and Nathaniel Hobart.M. 34:292.

Cleveland, O.--The Doctrines are introduced here, and at East Rockport, by Mr. James Nicholson.M. n. s. XIV:40.

Frankfort, Ky.--A circle of receivers exists here, with Mr. Thomas H. Roberts as leader.--Conv. R. 1818:403.

Lebanon, O., August.--Organization and first annual meeting of the Western Association of the New Jerusalem Church, established by Rev. Thomas Newport; more than two hundred persons take part in the proceedings, which are largely of an evangelistic and devotional nature. The Western Association disappears after a few years.

August 31.--Mr. Thomas Newport is ordained into the Priesthood of the New Church by the Rev. David Powell, by virtue of a special power, granted by the church in Philadelphia.--Conv. R. 1820:5.

August and September.--Messrs. Powell and Newport enter on a joint missionary journey through Ohio; they preach to large audiences, at eighteen different places.--R. P. 305.

Meigs County (in the region of Pomeroy and Middleport, O.).--The Heavenly Doctrines are introduced here by Messrs. John Sherman, John McQuigg and William Hobart, some of these having been former members of Mr. Beers societies at Danby and Spencer, N. Y.--Mess. vol. 4:8; vol. 44:180.

Further particulars in respect to Johnny Appleseed are given in Mess. vols. 55:185; 58:204; 61:83, 88.

New York City, August 9.--Ordination of Mr. Charles J. Doughty into the priesthood of the New Church, by Rev. M. M. Carll.Conv. R. 1802:5; R. P. 303; Ex. 131.

Philadelphia, Pa.--The services at the new temple are attended by crowded congregations.

A very enthusiastic state prevails among the members. Mr. Carll, in consequence of ill health, gives up part of his school work, and begins to receive a small salary for his ministerial services.--Ex. 118.

Providence, R. I., August 13.--Mr. Carll preaches to an audience of a thousand persons. A number of the students at Brown University have received the Doctrines.R. P. 303, 304.

France. Paris.A New Church society of six gentlemen holds regular meetings at the house of M. Gobert, an advocate.I. 1819:328.

Great Britain. Accrington.About 150 persons are regular attendants at the services in the chapel on Abbey St. Mr. George Haworth is the leader, and John Pickles, grocer, secretary.Conf. R. 1818.

Birmingham.--The society here consists of seventy members; a Sunday-school is conducted for two hundred children. Rev. J. Proud is the pastor, and James Meredith, secretary.Ibid.

Blackburn.--This society has gained about forty members during the year. James Mandsley is the leader.Ibid.

Brightlingsea, August 22.--Death of Rev. Arthur Munson; biographical notice in I. 1818:266.

Bristol.--Mr. William Stewart is the leader of a society, consisting of twenty-five members.--Conf. R. 1818.

Dalton, March 19.--A chapel for the New Church is opened here. Mr. Joseph Senior acts as the minister.--I. 1875:506.

Derby, August 11-14.Eleventh General Conference. There are present six ordained ministers, two missionaries, six leaders, and thirteen delegates. Robert Hindmarsh is elected president and Thomas Goyder, secretary. Reports are received from fifty different societies. The appointment of a minister-superintendent is postponed. It is resolved that no person shall be ordained without having served at least one year as a leader for some society. A literary fund is proposed for the purpose of enabling leaders and teachers to acquire the classical languages.

A resolution is passed, declaring that the relation between the Word and the Writings of Swedenborg is like that between an inexhaustible fountain and its stream, or the sun itself and the light proceeding from it. The administration of the Sacraments is declared to belong properly to the ordained ministry. The Rev. Robert Hindmarsh having been requested to leave the room, the Conference passes a resolution declaring that he, having been called by lot to ordain the first minister in the New Church, was virtually ordained by the Divine auspices of Heaven, in consequence of which the Conference considers Mr. Hindmarsh as one of the regular ordaining ministers.--Conf. R. 1818; R. P. 308.

August 13.--Mr. Edward Madeley is ordained by Rev. Joseph Proud. Mr. James Bradley is ordained on August 16, by the same ordainer.Ibid.

August 14.--The corner-stone is laid for a temple for Mr. Madeleys society in Derby. There is a second society, in the same town, with Mr. James Robinson as leader.Ibid. I. 1819:328.

Edinburgh.Mr. William Bruce, afterwards a prominent minister, receives the Doctrines. The society here consists of sixty members; Mr. Thomas Parker is the leader.Ibid.

Haslingden.Mr. Thomas Pilkington conducts services for a society which was founded in 1815.Ibid.

Heywood.--The society consists of twenty-two members, meeting for worship in Church Lane. The Sunday School numbers two hundred scholars. Robert Crabtree is the leader.

Keighley.--Four hundred persons are said to have been baptized here since the beginning of the society, in 1787. Here, as in Liverpool, the members are divided on the subject of the authority of Swedenborgs Writings.Ibid.

Leeds, November 8.--A place of worship is opened for the New Church, with Mr. John Parry as the minister. The society was formed on February, 16, 1817.Ibid., I. 1818:265, 330; R. P. 311.

Liverpool.--The two societies in this city still continue separately; the one in Cockspeer St. numbers fifty members, with Mr. Thomas S. Bristow as leader.

Mr. Robert Kendall, the leader of the other society, in a letter to the Conference, advises the ministers of the New Church to keep close to the Doctrines.--Conf. R. 1818.

London, February.--Great scandal against the New Church is caused by the brutal murder of a young girl, Mary Minting, (a member of Dr. Churchills congregation), by a rejected suitor, William Hetch. The murderer, though never an attendant at New Church worship, had learned something from his victim respecting marriage after death, and commits the deed, professedly, in order to gain possession of her in the other life. Hetch is promptly hanged. All sorts of stories about the New Church, and the awful tendencies of the Doctrines, appear in the London papers, but are successfully refuted by Mr. Churchill.--R. P. 287: I. 1818; 120.

June 19.--Ninth annual meeting of the Swedenborg Society, Mr. C. A. Tulk, chairman. Dr. Spurgin, a prominent London physician, is elected a member of the Committee.--R. S. S. 9.

October 19.--The corner-stone of a new Temple for Mr. Goyders society in St. Georges Field, is laid at Waterloo Road. This society now consists of sixty members, with a Sunday School for fifty children.I. 1819:329; R. P. 311.

Mr. Siblys society in Fryar St. now consists of 102 members, and Mr. Churchills congregation at Lisle St., of 200 members.--Conf. R. 1818.

Manchester.--The society in Peter St., under the Rev. Richard Jones, consists of 200 members, and Mr. Hindmarshs society, in Salford, of 143 members.Ibid.

Newscastle, February 22.--Death of Mr. William Roberts, the leader of the society.I. 1818:199; G. H. 75.

The society has increased to a membership of one hundred. Worship is conducted in the chapel on Low Friar St. Mr. William Brown is the leader.Ibid.

Norwich.--Some twenty members of the parish of Rev. G. Beaumont receive the Doctrines, and organize a society under the leadership of Mr. Joseph Clover. Mr. Beaumont now be comes a violent opponent of the New Church.R. P. 317; M. L. 1895:339; I. 1865:480.

Northampton.--The society consists of ten members. Mr. George Osborn is the secretary.Ibid.

Paisley.--Beginning of the New Church in this city; the society numbers ten members. Mr. John Buchanan is the secretary.Ibid.

Preston.--A society was formed here in 1812. Mr. Richard Parkinson is the leader.Ibid.

Sheffield.--A society was organized here in November, 1814; there are now 29 members.Ibid.

Sweden. Strengns, April 15.--The Rev. Johan Tybeck is suspended from the priesthood by the Lutheran Consistory, on account of his faith in the Doctrines of the New Church. The sentence is confirmed by the king, and Tybeck is stripped of the insignia of his office on August 31.D. II:1278.

Switzerland. Churwalden, in Graubunden, February 8.--The Rev. Andrew Carrol, in a letter to the Swedenborg Society, describes the New Church societies which, within a few years, have been formed in the cantons of Graubunden, St. Gallen and Appenzell. Mr. Daniel Nff, in another letter, describes the origin, growth, and present conditions of the New Church in Switzerland.--R. P. 310; R. S. S. 9:12, 13.

NOTABLE ARTICLES.
Intellectual Repository, Vol. IV.

The discussion between Mr. Clowes and Mr. Noble, on the Lords resurrection-body, continued, pp. III, 242.

The doctrine of degrees, as applied to the Divine Human: a discussion, pp. 46, 180, 222, 377.

On the revival of the discussion respecting separation or non-separation from the Old Church: remarks by Mr. Noble, severely condemning Rev. Joseph Proud, p. 183.

Proposition and plan for the establishment of a school for the education of ministers for the New Church, by Robert Hindmarsh, p. 42.

The New Jerusalem Te Deum, by Robert Hindmarsh, p. 92.

PUBLICATIONS.
Swedenborg: A Brief Exposition of the Doctrine of the New Church. London. S. S. 118 pp. Third English edition.--B. L.

Die Lehre der Neuen Jerusalem vom Herrn (Doctrine of the Lord). An edition of this work is said to have been published in Germany about this time.--R. S. S. 10:7.

Extracts from the Writings of Emanuel Swedenborg, on the Nature of Heaven. Bedford, Pa. 8 pp.--Cin. L.

Churchill, Rev. Thomas: A sermon on the sudden demise of Mary Minting, who was inhumanly murdered on Feb. 14, 1818. London. Sherwood. 35 pp. This pamphlet contains a full account of the tragic occurrence which has been noticed above. It is reviewed in I. 1818:120.--A. L.

Clowes, Rev. John: A letter to the Rev. Joseph Proud in reply to his remarks on Separation from the Old Church. Manchester. Cleave. 38 pp.--A. L.

An Explanation of the church Catechism for the use of Young People. Manchester. Cleave. 64 pp.

Fourth edition.--A. L.

On the Two Worlds, the visible and the invisible. Manchester. Gleave. 56 pp. Reviewed in I. 1819:392.--A. L.

Scripture Histories, selected from the Old Testament, and explained according to their internal meaning. Manchester. 3 vols. 12 mo.A. L. Another edition of this work was published in the same year by Mr. William Schlatter, in Philadelphia.--A. L.

The Two Heavenly Memorialists, or Love and Truth, stating to the Christian World their present peculiar distress and imploring Relief. Manchester. Gleave. 126 pp. Reviewed in I. 1818:99, 115.A. L.

Cowherd, Rev. William: Facts Authentic in Science and Religion. London.--B. M.

Goyder, Rev. Thomas: A course of Lectures on the most essential Doctrines of the Christian Religion. London. 276 pp. Reviewed unfavorably in I. 1818:198; 1891:325.

Jones, Miss Elizabeth: A correspondence between Rev. John Johnson and the writer. London. 46 pp.--A. L. A fourth edition of this pamphlet was published at Manchester in the same year.I. 1818:255.

[Liturgical]: Select Hymns for the use of Bible Christians. Salford. 221 pp. The fifth edition.--Cin. L.

The Offices of the Bible Christian Church. Manchester. Salford. 35 pp.--Cin. L.

Hymns and Psalms for the use of the Lords New Church, by Rev. J. Proud. London. Goyder. 285 pp. Fifth edition.--A. L.

Parry, Rev. John: The Name of the Lord recorded. A sermon. Leeds. 32 pp.--I. 1819:397--A. L.

[Periodicals]: The Intellectual Repository for 1818, together with 1819, making vol. IV.

The New Jerusalem Church Repository. Philadelphia. Vol. I. completed. The magazine is suspended in October, 1818.

Proud, Rev. Joseph: The Aged Ministers Last Legacy to the New Church. Birmingham. 379 pp. A very interesting and valuable work, though much criticized on account of its uncompromising attitude towards the Old Church. The volume contains a portrait of the aged author.--A. L.

[Reports]: General Conference. Minutes of the eleventh session. London. 44 pp.--A. L.

General Convention. Journal of the second annual meeting, published in N. J, C. R. 1818:401-405.--A. L.

Manchester Printing Society. Sixteenth Report. Noticed in I. 1818:124.Cin. L.

Missionary Ministry. Second Report. Manchester. 52 pp.--L. 1818:264.--Cin. L.

Swedenborg Society. Ninth Report.--A. L.

Tybeck, Rev. Johan: Bihang till Strengns Consistorii Protokoo. 60 pp.--A. L.

Utdrag ur Strengns Consistorii Protokoo. Strengns. 98 pp. These two publications contain the account of the authors trial for heresy, together with his defense.A. L.

Handlingar rrande Skomakare-dottern Sara Stina Schultz (Documents respecting the shoemaker-daughter, S. S. Schultz). Strengns. 147 pp.

A highly entertaining narrative of the authors attempt, many years before, to expel, by the laying on of hands, prayer, etc., an evil spirit from the body of a servant-maid; a most remarkable case of demoniacal possession and exorcism.--A. L.

Hvad r Christlig Sanning om Gud? (What is the Christian Truth concerning God?) Stockholm. 109 pp.--A. L.

Svar af en Religionsvn p sex frgar, i anledning af skriften Trst fr den brottslige (Answer, by a friend of Religion, to six questions, occasioned by the work Consolation for the Criminal). Stockholm. 30 pp.

An excellent refutation of Col. Sturtzenbeckers heretical and dangerous publication. Reviewed by Ach. Kahl, 4:9.--A. L.

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS.
America. Illinois is admitted as a State of the Union. General Jackson subdues the Seminole Indians in Florida.

Germany. A new university is opened at Bonn.

Egypt. Ibrahim Pascha subjugates the Wahabees.

South America. Chili gains its independence from Spain.

Sweden. Death of Charles XIII. Bernadotte succeeds to the throne as Charles XIV John, introducing the present Bernadotte dynasty.

1819. America. The proposed meeting of the General Convention is deferred until May 11th, 1820, owing to the inconvenience generally felt by the members, in attending during the Present year.--Conv. R. 1820.

January 21.--Mr. Samuel Worcester, having removed from Boston to Natchez, Miss., receives a license from the Church in Philadelphia, to Preach the Doctrines, and to administer the sacraments, for a period of seven years.--M. n. s. VII 723; Conf. R. 1820:5.

France. John Augustus Tulk, Esq., having purchased J. P. Mots manuscript translations of the Writings into French, begins to publish these at his own expense.Gosse, p. 91.

Germany. Dr. Immanuel Tafel meets J. Aug. Tulk at Stuttgart and receives assistance from him to begin the publication of the Writings in German.--I. 1863:343; Mess. vol. 48:40.

Rostock, April 11.--Letter to the Swedenborg Society from Mr. C. F. Nordenskjld, writing anonymously under the name Charles Wilhems; he describes the persecution of the Exegetic-Philanthropic Society in Stockholm by a league of atheists, and sends a part of his confiscated work, the considerations Generales.--R. S. S. 10:9.

Great Britain. Mr. James Bradley undertakes a successful evangelistic journey to Newcastle, Dalton, Bolton, and other places.R. P. 313.

March.--Death of Rev. George Nicholson.I. 1819:472; a biographical notice is found in Hodsons Catalogue, for 1850.

Bristol.--Rev. Joseph Enoch settles as minister here; the society at this time numbers twenty-five members.--Conf. R. 1820.

Derby, June 28.--Consecration of a second New Church temple, erected by Mr. James Robinson, at his own expense.--R. P. 325.

August 10-12.Twelfth General Conference. Six ordained ministers, one leader, and twelve lay representatives are present. Robert Hindmarsh is elected president, and Thomas Goyder, secretary. Thirty-one communications are received from societies and leaders. Resolutions of thanks are adopted to those connected with the Missionary Institution. The Conference listens to a proposed plan for settling places of worship in the New Church, with drafts of a Conference Deed and a General Trust Deed. These are recommended to the serious attention of every society, for further consideration at the next Conference. Rev. Richard Jones is appointed to draw up a catechism, from four previous catechisms. Each minister is requested to draw up such a form of discipline for the external order of the Church, as he may judge expedient, and to lay the same before the next General Conference. Rev. John Clowes is requested to take up his pen again in refutation of the many deistical publications now circulating in the Christian world.--Conf. R. 1819; R. P. 320.

London, March 25.--Rev. Thomas Churchill resigns from the pastorate of the congregation in Lisle street; Mr. Samuel Noble is engaged as preacher to the society.I. 1833:534; 1873:239.

May 30.--The chapel at Waterloo Bridge is opened for worship.-I. 1819:469.

June 21.-Tenth annual meeting of the Swedenborg Society, C. A. Tulk, presiding. The committee speaks deprecatingly of the results of public advertisements of the Writings. It is resolved to place sets of the Writings in public libraries and at watering-places, at an expense of 30 annually.--R. S. S. 10.

Newcastle, April 18.--Rev. James Bradley begins his pastorate here; the story of his vicissitudes in this city is told in G. H. 75.

Pickering, January 13.--Rev. J. Bradley preaches and lectures here, and lays the foundation of a society.R. P. 318.

Warrington, February 20.--Robert Hindmarsh preaches successfully and establishes a society here.--R. P. 324.

Sweden. Stockholm, March 1 and April 24.--Letters to Mr. Condy Raguet, of Philadelphia, describe the work of Rev. Johan Tybeck; he has now taken up the work of translating the Arcana Coelestia, Mr. Deleen being prevented by illness.--Conv. R. 1820:10, 11.

NOTABLE ARTICLES.
Intellectual Repository, Vol. IV.

Swedenborgs Principia, Section II, translated by Robert Hindmarsh, pp. 347, 416, 418.

Swedenborgs early geological treatise On the Height of the Waters in the Primeval World, as originally published in the Acta Literaria Suci, translated into English, p. 455.

Charles Augustus Tulk, in an article called Incepta, first advances his idealistic and gnostical views respecting the non-reality of the Incarnation. The editors sound a warning against the error; pp. 441.

PUBLICATIONS.
Swedenborg: Arcana Coelestia. Vol. X. Manchester. Second English edition: published by the Manchester Printing Society.

Du Ciel et ses Merveilles, et de LEnfer. Brussels. J. Manbach. Third French edition. Translated by J. P Mot, and published at the expense of J. A. Tulk. (Un Ami de la Verit) Mentioned by Gosse, p. 90.--S. S. L.

Himmelska Hemligheter (Arcana Coelestia). Vol. I., part 2 (Nos. 67-181). Stockholm. Deleen.

First Swedish edition.--A. L.

La Vrai Religion Chertienne (The True Christian Religion). Brussels. Manbach. 2 vols. Second French edition; translated by Meet, and published by J. A. Tulk.--S. S. L.

The Doctrine of the New Jerusalem concerning Faith. London. S. S. Third English edition; mentioned in B. I.

The True Christian Religion. London. S. S. Two volumes, 800; sold for 1. Fifth English edition, revised by Rev. Samuel Noble and C. A. Tulk. The latter has introduced into the version many peculiar renderings, in support of his idealistic and gnostical notions. Mr. Noble has described his struggles with Mr. Tulk in I. 1829:103, 513; R. S. S. II:6.--S. S. L.

[Anonymous]: Den Nya Kyrkan, eller Frstnd och Tro i frbund (The New Church, or Reason and Faith united). Strengns. Ekmark. 109 pp. Translated from the German.--A. L.

[Circular]: Proposal for Publishing the Arcana Coelestia in the original Latin of the Hon. Emanuel Swedenborg. London. Hodson. 4 pp. Published in French and English.--S. S. L.

Clowes, Rev. John: A Letter to the Rev. W. Rosy, minister of Grosvenor St. Church, Manchester; containing strictures on some passages in his lectures, in which he speaks of the Hon. Emanuel Swedenborg and his disciples. Manchester. Varey. 55 pp. Reviewed in I. 1820:III.--A. L.

A Letter to the Rev. W. Roby, in reply to his pamphlet, entitled Anti-Swedenborgianism. Manchester. Gleave. 99 pp. Reviewed in I. ibid.--A. L.

Observations on the Lords Prayer, on Christian Perfection, and on Prayer in general. London. Hodson. 30 pp.--A. L.

Short Dialogues for the instruction of Youth. Manchester. 24 pp. A copy is owned by Rev. Frank Sewall.

The Gospel according to John, translated and illustrated, etc. First edition. Manchester. J. Gleave. 327 pp.A. L.

The Gospel according to Matthew. London. Hodson. Second edition.--B. L.

Wigselringen, eller en Engelsk Prestmans Tankar om Giftermlet. Translated from the English. Gottenburg. G. Lwegren. 48 pp.--N. K. B.

DAillant de la Touche: Emanuel Swedenborgs Tankar och Syner i andilga mnen visionson (Swedenborgs thoughts and visions on spiritual subjects). Stockholm. 400 pp. First Swedish edition, translated from the German version of the French original (of 1788).--N. K. B.

[Liturgical]: the Liturgy of the New Church, with Hymn Book. Manchester. 106 and 133 pp. Second edition; mentioned in M. L. 1890:37. A copy belongs to Rev. R. J. Tilson, London.

Original Hymns for Family and Congregational Worship. By Rev. Francis Marcellus. Hodson. Manchester. Mentioned, in L. ibid.

Nordenskjld, Charles Frederic: Considerations Generales sur le Christianisme Actuel, et la Lumiere que M. Emanuel Swedenborg repand sur les Religions (Considerations on the actual state of Christendom, and on the light which Swedenborg sheds upon religions). [Rostock], 96 pp.

Before the printing of this work had been completed, the whole edition was confiscated by the Mecklenburg authorities, for unknown reasons. Only three copies were saved from destruction; one of these belongs to Commodore A. O. Nordenskjld, in Stockholm. The author imparts, here, much information respecting the Exegetic-Philanthropic Society and the Court of Gustavus III.; he afterwards communicated the contents to Dr. Immanuel Tafel, by whom the account has been published both in English and in German.--R. S. S. 10:9; D. I:621.

[Periodical]: The Intellectual Repository for 1819; makes Vol. IV, together with the issues for 1818.--A. L.

[Reports]: General Conference. Minutes of the Twelfth Session. London. Goyder. 48.--A. L.

Manchester Printing Society. Seventeenth report. Manchester. 18 pp. Summarized in I. 1819:469.Cin. L.

New Church Missionary Ministry. Third report of the committee. Manchester. Gleave, 24 pp.--Cin. L.

Swedenborg Society. Tenth Report.--A. L.

Roby, Rev. W.: Anti-Swedenborgianism; or, a letter to the Rev. John Clowes Manchester. M. Richardson. 60 pp. Reviewed in I. 1820:111.--A. L.

Tybeck, Rev. Johan: Christliga och vardiga Tankar om Gud(Christian and worthy thoughts of God). A poem. Gottenburg. 11 pp.--A. L.

Christlig Undersokning ofver Apostelen Pauli Lara om Lagens Gerningar, om Tro och Rattfardighet. Stockholm. 107 pp.--A. L.

Interssant Lansing for dem som tro pa ett lif efter detta. Gottenburg. 102 pp.

Worcester, Samuel: A Discourse delivered before the New Jerusalem Church in Boston, on Christmas Day, December 25, 1818. Boston. Cummings and Hilliard. 23 pp.--A. L.

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS.
America. Florida is ceded to the United States by Spain. Alabama is admitted into statehood. Organization of the American Methodist Missionary Society. William E. Channing, of Boston, formulates the leading principles of modern Unitarianism.

Germany. The German princes, at the Congress of Carlsbad, legislate against the liberties of the press and the universities.

Great Britain. Appearance of Walter Scotts Ivanhoe.

Russia. The Jesuits are expelled from the Empire; foundation of the University of St. Petersburg.

South America. Bolivar is elected president of the new republic of Colombia, formed by a union of New Granada and Venezuela.

1820. America. According to contemporary statistics the New Church in the United States at this time numbers twelve societies, eight ordained ministers and about two hundred and thirty members.--M. n. s. VI:440; compare Mess. vol. 47:283.

The apparent means of propagating the Doctrines have been straightened by the difficulties of the times, yet the cause of Truth has made some progress during the year.--Conv. R. 1820, p. 8.

The New Church in America, at this time, begins to be much disturbed by the introduction and rapid dissemination of what afterwards becomes known as the conjugial heresy or the Boston principle. According to this theory, which is first developed by Mr. Thomas Worcester, of Boston, and his brother, Samuel, there is a peculiar conjugial relation between a pastor and his society, corresponding to the relation between the LORD and the Church in general, or as between the truth of good and the good of truth. The minister, according to the theorists, receives truth only in the degree of his own progress in regeneration, and must preach only such truth as he himself has lived. This truth, then, is the truth of his good, and the society, when receiving and living according to this truth, becomes the good of his truth. The husband being, essentially, the truth of good, and the wife the good of this truth, there must necessarily result a similar conjugial relation between a pastor and his society. From this argument close communion followed as an inevitable corollary, together with a certain indissoluble relation between a pastor and each member of his flock..

This theory now beings to attract much attention; a number of ministers and societies, especially in New England, warmly receive it, while others vigorously oppose it, and the subject continues to be the burning question in the Church for some twenty years, causing much distrust and dissention. A long correspondence on the subject, between Messrs. Thomas and Samuel Worcester, on the one side, and Messrs. Condy, W. Grant, R. Hindmarsh, Daniel Lammot, R. Arbouin, C. Raguet, and John Clowes, on the other side, is published in N. IV:20-124. See also M. 19:177.

Abington, Mass.--The Rev. Holland Weeks, a popular Presbyterian minister, receives the Doctrines of the New Church, and begins to proclaim them openly.

A great commotion follows: Mr. Weeks is regularly tried for heresy by the Presbytery, is deprived of his living, and excommunicated. A full report of the trial is published ill Mess. vol. 46:291. Several pamphlets, relative to the trial, are published during the year.

Cincinnati, O.--The growing society in this city opens a small chapel for public worship.--Conv. R. 1820.

Maine.--Small, but highly respectable societies exist in Hath and Gardiner.Ibid.

Philadelphia, Pa.--The Rev. F. Royle, a minister of the Free-will-Baptists, in Frankford, near Philadelphia, embraces the Heavenly Doctrines and joins the New Church, together with sixty members of his congregation. This forms the beginning of the present society in Frankford.--M. 44:553; Conf. R 1820.

The first society in Philadelphia appoints as lay-readers three young gentlemen, one of whom is Mr. Richard DeCharms.--Conv. R. 1820.

The Church in Philadelphia confers a special power upon Rev. Thomas Newport, of Lebanon, O., to ordain Mr. Thomas H. Roberts, of Frankfort, Ky. It is unknown whether the ordination took place.Ibid.

May 11-13.--Third General Convention. Mr. Hargrove is appointed president, and Mr. Condy Raguet, secretary. Reports and communications are read, a committee is appointed for the revision of the Liturgy, and societies are invited to be more free in the sending of delegates and reports. It is again resolved that the churches at Baltimore, Philadelphia, and New York, respectively, ordain no person to the ministry, without the concurrence and approbation of the ministers of the other two churches, until some regulation shall be established upon the subject.Ibid.

The spirit of this resolution, as aimed against the conjugial propaganda, is described in N. IV:123.

Washington, D. C., October 15.--Mr. and Mrs. Amott are expelled from the Presbyterian Church on account of their reception of the Doctrines of the New Church.--Mess. vol. 62:370.

Canada. Montreal.--Three gentlemen in this city are mentioned as receivers of the Doctrines.--Conf. R. 1820.

Great Britain.--The remarkable and audacious activity of the enemies of Religion, at this time, is commented upon in S. S. R. 11.

Bristol.--A new place of worship is opened in Silver street, with the Rev. Joseph Enoch as minister. Mr. David G. Goyder settles in Bristol.--Conf. R. 1820; M. L. 1895:167.

Chelsea, June 27.--Death of the Rev. Isaac Hawkins, aged 83 years. Formerly a local preacher under Mr. Wesley, he received the Doctrines of the New Church, in 1785, through James Hindmarsh, was expelled from the Methodist connection by Wesley, assisted at the opening of the New Church chapel in Great East Cheap, 1788, was ordained in 1805, and ministered to a small society in Somersetshire, until 1814.He afterwards visited every New Church society in Great Britain, and was enthusiastically active until the end. The scene at his death is remarkably beautiful and inspiring. See I. 1820:200, 265.

Derby. August 8-11.Thirteenth General Conference. Seven ministers, four leaders, and twenty representatives are present. Mr. Hindmarsh is chosen president, and Mr. Noble, secretary; It is resolved that Messrs. Hindmarsh and Jones be appointed to present a draft of a new Liturgy to the next Conference; that an Auxiliary Missionary Committee be established in London; that the consideration of a general form of discipline be postponed; that Mr. Hindmarsh be requested to reply to the attack of the Rev. J. G. Pike; and that the Conference Deeds, as presented to this Conference, be adopted, Mr. Henry Hindmarsh to prepare them in proper legal form.--Conf. R. 1820. Compare R. P. 330; I. 1820:261.

August 10.--Mr. James Robinson, leader of the second society in Derby, is ordained, during the Conference, by the Rev. Messrs. Jones and Hindmarsh.--Conf. R. 1820.

The Rev. J. G. Pike, a Baptist minister at Darby, alarmed at the progress of the New Church in the city, makes a furious onslaught on the Doctrines, in his pamphlet Swedenborgianism depicted in its true colors.

It was ably refuted by R. Hindmarsh, but has been reprinted a number of times, and has been published also in Swedish and German.--I. 1820:225. Mr. Pikes repulsive personality is described in M. L. 1895:59.

Edinburgh.--The Society has removed from Potter Row to a more eligible place of worship, Skinners Hall, High street. A Society for promoting the New Church Doctrines in Scotland, has been formed by members in Edinburgh, Glasglow, and Paisley.Conf. R. 1820:23. The members in Edinburgh are much troubled by a heated discussion as to whether the Sacrament should be received while they kneel or remain seated.--G. H. p. 54.

Leigh, September 4.Mr. Hindmarsh preaches in the open air to an audience of over a thousand persons.--G. H. 59.

Liverpool, January 22.--Death of Mr. Benjamin Banks, aged sixty-eight years, one of the earliest and most active members of the New Church in London, president of the Third General Conference, in 1791.I. 1820:129.

London, May 21.--Mr. Samuel Noble is ordained into the Ministry of the New Church, by Messrs. Sibly and Churchill.--I. 1820:199.

June 19.--Eleventh annual meeting and anniversary dinner of the Swedenborg Society. The Writings have been advertised by great placards in the streets of London,--though with small results.--R. S. S. II; I. 1823:331.

Manchester.--A new society has been formed, and public worship opened in St. Georges Chapel, in one of the outskirts of the city; there are about fifty members, most of these recent converts. Rev. F. M. Hodson is their leader.--Conf. R. 1820:31.

Warrington.--A small society has been formed here, during the year, in consequence of Mr. Hindmarshs evangelistic work.Ibid.

Sweden.--The literary activity has been great during the year.

Several of the Writings have been published, some of them in German. The recent works of Mr. Tybeck and Professor Geijer have attracted much attention.--R. S. S. II:12.

Switzerland.--John Augustus Tulk, Esq., pays a visit to the receivers in St. Gallen, whom he describes as poor, inclined to mysticism, and very ignorant of the Doctrines, yet simple and well disposed. Daniel Nff, their leader, is not a clergyman, but a poor peasant, gifted with an enlightened and zealous mind; he has recently been subjected to some persecution from Old Church authorities. Mr. Tulk distributes many copies of the Writings in French throughout Switzerland.I. 1820:330; R. S. S. II:11.

West Indies. Cuba, November 1.--Death of Mr. Alexander Leslie, a prominent New Churchman, and great traveler. He was introduced into the New Church by the late James Glen, at Demerara, and had visited New Churchmen in all parts of the world.I. 1821:468; O. V:28.

NOTABLE ARTICLES.
Intellectual Repository, Vol. V.

The translation of the Principia, section 2, continued and finished.I. 1820:10, 75.

PUBLICATIONS.
Swedenborg: Arcana Coelestia, Vols. XI, XII. Manchester. Varey. Second English edition, now completed; published by the Manchester Printing Soc.I. 1821:401.--B. L.

Du Cheval Blanc (on the White Horse). Brussels. Second French edition; published by J. A. Tulk, Esq.--S. S. L.

Genesis, Chapter I, explained by Emanuel Swedenborg. London. Hodson. 45 pp.--S. S. L.

Himmelska Lnnlighter (Arcana Coelestia). Vol. I, parts III-IV; Nos. 182-691. Stockholm. Deleen. First Swedish edition.--A. L.

On the New Jerusalem and its Heavenly Doctrine. Cambridge, Mass. Hilliard. 99 pp. Second American edition; published by subscription, and sold for forty cents a copy.N. I:541.Conv. Theol. School.

On the New Jerusalem and its Heavenly Doctrine.Cincinnati. B. F. Powers. Third American edition.--N. Y. L.

The Doctrine of the New Jerusalem concerning the Lord. Cincinnati. 160 pp. Third American edition.--Cin. L.

[Anonymous]: a Calm and Conciliatory Review of Swedenborgianism, in a series of letters addressed to an inhabitant of Abingdon. Boston. 33 p.--Harvard Library.

Emanuel Swedenborg. An excellent biography in a publication entitled Samtidens Mrkvrdigaste Personer. (The most notable of contemporary men). Upsala.--D. II. Preface, p. XT.

Bernard, Captain: Opuscules Theosophique [Paris, 1820(?)]; mentioned in I. 1838:331.

Clowes, Rev. John: A Treatise on Opposites, their Nature, Origin and Uses, as affecting both the natural and the spiritual of man. Manchester. J. Gleave. 144 pp. Reviewed in I. 1821:395.--A. L.

Sermons on the Lords Prayer and on the Ten Commandments. London. Hodson. 392 pp. The second edition; reviewed in I. 1821:333--B. L.

Two Sermons on the Sacraments. London. Hodson. 16 pp.--A. L.

[Ellingwood, Rev. John W.]: the principal Doctrines of the New Jerusalem Church, contained in forty-two articles. With references carefully selected from the Theological Works of Emanuel Swedenborg, published in London, in 1788. By a communicant of the New Jerusalem Church, London. With extracts from his treatise on the Pleasures of Insanity Concerning Scortatory Love. Bath, Maine. An insidious attack on the New Church, with a carefully veiled title. It has been mentioned and demolished by Rev. Samuel Worcester, in his Remarks on Several Common Errors. 1832.

Geijer, Eric Gustaf: Thorild, tillika en philosophisk eller ophilosophisk Beknnelse (Thorild, a confession either philosophical or unphilosophical). Upsala. Palmblad.

This purely New Church attack on modern orthodoxy by the most famous of Swedish historians, caused a great religious trial in Sweden. See 1821.--Kahl. IV: 44.

Goyder, Rev. Thomas: A Vindication of the Christian Religion, in reply to Diderots deistical pamphlet, published by R. Carlile. London. Hatchard. 35 pp. Dedicated to the Archbishop of Canterbury; reviewed in I. 1820:189.--A. L.

The Lamp of Truth. London. 200 pp. A course of lectures, severely reviewed in I. 1820:263; 1821:324.

[Harrison, William]: Letters to a Friend, containing Remarks on the Rev. W. Robys late pamphlet, entitled Anti-Swedenborgianism. Manchester. J. Slack. 75 pp. Reviewed in I. 1820: 191; vol. IV:421.--A. L.

Hindmarsh, Rev. Robert: Abrg des principaux Points de Doctrine de la Vrai Religion Chretienne. Paris. A French translation of Mr. Hindmarshs Compendium.--R. S. S. 12:21.--N. Y. L.

A Key to the Spiritual Signification of Numbers, and also of Weights and Measures mentioned in the Holy Word. Manchester. 238 pp. A most valuable exegetical study; reviewed in I. 1820:182.--A. L.

[Holding, Jesse ?]: The Wonderful Appearance and Discourse of Mr. Deism and Mr. Trinitarianism, or the two Demons of the Western Bog, described, by Jesse Holding, Journeyman Printer. Ramsbottom. Haslingden [1820?]. 31 pp.--A. L.

[Periodical]: The Intellectual Repository for 1820, together with the issues for 1821, constituting vol. V of the whole series.A. L.

The New Jerusalem Record. Philadelphia. No. 1. July,1820. This journal, of which only a single number appeared, was published by the Philadelphia Society, as a means of communicating news between the members of the Church. It contains little more than the report of the Convention for 1820, reviewed in M n. s. VIII: 588.--A. L.

Pernty, Abb A. J.: Granskning of Emanuel Swedenborgs Lefnad och Lra, jemte frtecking p Swedenborgs egenhndiga Manuskripter (A critical examination of Swedenborgs Life and Doctrine). Stockholm. Translated from Perntys Preface to the French edition of 1782.--Kah1 II:6.

Pike, Rev. J. G.: Swedenborgianism depicted in its True Colors, or the contrast between the Holy Scriptures and the Writings of Baron Swedenborg, on a variety of subjects. Derby. A fierce onslaught on the Heavenly Doctrines. Reviewed in I. 1820:225.

[Reports]: General Conference, Minutes of the thirteenth session. London. Th. Goyder. 35 pp--A. L.

General Convention, Journal for 1820. Philadelphia. 16 pp.A. L.

Manchester Printing Society, 18th Report. Noticed I. 1820:124.

New Church Missionary Institute, 4th Report. Noticed I.1820:258.

Swedenborg Society. Report of the Eleventh annual meeting. London. 20 pp.

Salmon, J. W.: A friendly Address of Caution and Admonition to the inhabitants of Nantwich. Nantwich. 135 pp. Reviewed. I. 1820:317.

Sibly, Rev. Manoah: A Funeral Sermon occasioned by the Death of the Rev. Isaac Hawkins. London. Noticed in I. 1820:264.

Sturzenbecker, M.: Tankar om Lifvet efter detta (Thoughts on the Life after this). Stockholm. Deleen: 78 pp.A. L.

Tybeck, Rev. Johan: Bihang till Skriften Hvad r Christlig Sanning om Gud?(Appendix to the work: What is Christian Truth?) Stockholm. 116 pp.--A. L.

Emanuel Swedenborgs Skrifter, och Christenhetens Tillstnd (Swedenborgs Writings and the state of Christendom). Carlshamn. 75 pp. The author here presents the doctrine of the Divine authority of these Writings, and of the devastated and hopeless state of the old church.--A. L.

Likheten och olikheten mellan Apostelen Pauli Lra och Doctor Luthers System (The points of agreement and disagreement between Paul and Luther). Stockholm. 55 pp.--A. L.

Menniskan, under sin lefnad i tiden, stadd i tvenne verldar (Man during his temporal existence, living in two worlds). Stockholm. 66 pp.A. L.

Okonstladt och allvarlight Frsvar mot Oswald den Gamle (A simple and earnest reply to the attack on the New Church by the pseudonym Oswald the Old.) Gottenburg. 256 pp.--A. L.

Religionens Helgedom (The Sanctuary of Religion). Stockholm. 138 pp.--A. L.

Vlgrundade Anmrkningar mot de irriga satser som innehllas i skriften Trst fr den Brottslige (Well-founded observations on the erroneous teachings of M. Sturtzenbeckers Consolation for the criminal). Gottenburg. 131 pp.--A. L.

Von Walden, F.: Assessor Swedenborgs Levnet. (The Life of Swedenborg). Copenhagen. Mentioned in D. II: preface, p. xv.

Weeks, Rev. Holland: the Lords Words are Spirit and are Life. A discourse delivered in Abingdon, Mass. Boston. J. Loring. 24 pp.--B. L.

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS.
America. Organization of the first Lutheran Synod. in the United States. Foundation of the Missionary Society of the Protestant Episcopal Church in America. Maine is admitted as a State, separate from Massachusetts. The Missouri Compromise bill prohibits slavery in the territory purchased from France, north of latitude 30? 30, but Missouri is excepted.

Denmark: The relation between electricity and magnetism is discovered by Oersted.

France. Assassination of the Duke of Berry, son of the future King Charles X.

Great Britain. Death of George III., and accession of George IV. Death of the Duke of Kent, the father of Queen Victoria. Queen Caroline, the ill-used wife of George IV, is tried for adultery, but the proceedings are abandoned, owing to the popular indignation.

Italy. The secret revolutionary society of Carbonari rises against Ferdinand I. of Naples.

Portugal. A successful popular revolution abolishes the Inquisition and the remnants of feudalism.

Russia. The Jesuit order is prohibited, and the Jesuits are expelled from the country.

Spain. The Palace of the Inquisition at Madrid is destroyed by an uprising of the people. The Cortes are forced to suppress the institution. Ferdinand VII. is forced to restore the constitution of 1812.

Turkey. Ali Pasha, the Lion of Janina, revolts against the Sultan, and is captured after a long and bloody siege.

1821. America. Abington, Mass.The wide-spread attention given to the religious trial of the Rev. Holland Weeks is said to have resulted, ultimately, in the establishment of four different New Church Societies in Massachusetts: at Abington, Bridgewater, North Bridgewater (Brockton), and East Bridgewater.--Mess. vol. 64:110.

Baiting (Riverhead, L. I., New York).--Mr. Horton conducts regular services for a small society in this place.--Conf. R. 1821:2.

Baltimore, Md.--About thirty adults and children have been baptized here since the last Convention.Ibid.

Boston, Mass.The society has now begun to make provision for the support of a regular minister. The subject of rebaptism is much discussed among the members.Ibid. M. 31:162.

New York City, July 1.--Consecration of the new temple of the New York society, in Pearl street, near Chatham street. The ceremony and the representative robes of the officiating ministers, are described in Conv. R. 1821:6. (Mr. Carll, the preacher, is robed in white lined, representative of the Divine Truth; Mr. Doughty, who read the prayers, appears in a black gown, to represent a state of contrition and humiliation).

July 23.Fourth General Convention. Rev. Lewis Beers is chosen president, and Mr. Samuel Woodworth, secretary. The meeting unanimously adopts a report by a committee, recommending that ministers should not feel obliged to withdraw from secular occupations, such uses being considered necessary for the personal regeneration of the preachers; and that every society should be left free to adopt its own rules and regulations. These recommendations are adopted in reply to a communication from Boston.

It is also resolved that a separate Journal of the Convention be published, at the expense of the society entertaining the Convention; that a fund be collected for missionary uses; that the Liturgy and Hymnbook recently prepared by the Philadelphia Society be generally recommended, and that facts relating to the history of the New Church in America be transmitted to the next Convention.

Philadelphia.--The society here is described as unanimously opposed to the conjugial heresy.N. IV:124.

April 15.--Rev. Holland Weeks, of Abington, Mass., is baptized into the faith of the New Church. On the Sunday following, April 22, he is ordained by the Rev. M. M. Carll, and immediately sets out on a long and successful missionary journey through Virgiuia.--Conv. R. 1821.

France. Bordeaux.--Captain Bernhard, a French officer, receives the Heavenly Doctrines, and begins to communicate these to his fellow officers. The movement, for a time, is much mixed with mysticism and magical practices.--C. N. 87: M. 31 461; Mess. vol. 47:205.

Germany. Polsdam, near Berlin, April 28.--A communication, signed by Herr Vorpahl, pastor primarius, Frank, royal apothecary, and Captain Reyman, requests the London Swedenborg Society to publish a German edition of the True Christian Religion, and promises assistance.--R. S. S. 12:17.

Tübingen, December 17,--Immanuel Tafel, having finished his studies at the University, issues a Prospectus, declaring his intention to publish all the Writings of Swedenborg in German and in Latin, and asks for assistance for this grand purpose (to which he devoted his entire life, and nearly accomplished).--D. II:1332; M. 18:109; 33 : 541; 36:444; I. 1863:564.

Great Britain. Derby, March 18.--Mr. Madeleys new chapel is consecrated and opened for worship.I. 1821:404.

August 14-17.Fourteenth General Conference. Seven ministers and nineteen representatives are present. The officers remain the same as last year. The Conference Deeds, as finally drawn up by Mr. Henry Hindmarsh, are unanimously adopted and signed by all the members present;

a Board of Trustees is elected, the ministers, at their own request, being declared ineligible for service as trustees. Subscriptions are opened for a General Conference Fund; forms for Bequests are adopted; all societies are recommended to adopt rules of Discipline, etc.--Conv. R. 1821I; R. P. 345-347.

[Photo of Robert Hindmarsh.]

London, May 28.--Death of Mr. Harry Hodson, the New Church publisher, an indefatigable laborer for the promotion of the Doctrines, which he had received while reading the proof-sheets of the Writings. The publication office is continued by his brother, Mr. James S. Hodson.--I. 1821:473.

June 19.--Twelfth annual meeting of the Swedenborg Society. Information is given respecting the purchase of a great number of the original editions of Swedenborgs Writings, for a small sum, from a person who was about to sell them for waste paper.--R. S. S. 12.

October 8.--Organization of The Missionary and Tract Society of the New Jerusalem Church at a general meeting at the chapel in Lisle street. The society begins with a membership of more than one hundred persons, and an annual income of 66.I. 1822: 66; R. P. 337; M. L. 1896:505.

October 25.--Death of Mr. Charles Jenkins, Secretary of the Swedenborg Society, and one of the most liberal supporters of the Church in London. He built the chapel in Waterloo Road at his own expense.I. 1821:334; R. S. S. 12:9. See also the obituary sermon, by Rev. Thomas Goyder.

November 27.--Death of Mr. James Arbouin, aged eighty years, a London merchant of great talents and culture, a distinguished, liberal, and consistent member of the New Church, one of the editors of the Aurora, in 1800, a frequent contributor to the Intellectual Repository, and author of the popular Dissertations on the Regenerate Life, and other works.--His interesting biography is published in I. 1822:129.

Reading, April 3.--Death of Mr. John Mansfield, a prominent member of the New Church, for the promotion of which he bequeathed 63,000.I. 1821:467, 468.

Holland. Rotterdam, November 23.--Death of Mr. Charles Ley, a distinguished and zealous New Churchman, since 1790 active in propagating the Doctrines in Holland and on the Continent.I. 1822:128. Gosse, pp. 75, 79.

South America. Georgetown (Demerara), March 16.--Mrs. Elizabeth Scott, in a letter to the Swedenborg Society, describes the few receivers in Demerara, and the peculiar circumstances of the death of a Mr. Meredith.--R. S. S. 12:13.

Sweden. Upsala.--The whole country is greatly excited over the religious trial of Professor Eric G. Geijer (afterwards the famous national historian of Sweden). Having published a work in defense of the principles of the poet Thorild, he is called to account by the Chancellor of Justice for having denied the doctrine of the Trinity and the Atonement, but especially for having published the following syllogism: The Church maintains that there are three persons in the God-head. Each one of these persons is God. God is the tri-personal. It thus follows that each person is tri-personal. Geijer, in his eloquent defense, expounds the doctrines at issue according to the Writings, but without mentioning Swedenborg, and argues so skillfully that the accuser is forced to defend his orthodoxy by admitting the justice of Geijers (and Swedenborgs) doctrine. The trial closes by the complete acquittal of Professor Geijer.--Kahl IV:44-59; I. 1822:60; R. S. S. 12:14.

PUBLICATIONS
Swedenborg: De la Nouvelle Jrusalem et sa Doctrine Cleste. Paris. Third French edition; mentioned in B. I--S. S. L.

Doctrine de la Vie pour la Nouvelle Jrusalem. Paris Second French edition; translated by M, Moet.--N. Y. L.

Himmelska Lnnligheter (Arcana Coelestia). Vol. I, parts VII-IX, Nos. 6921, 113, completing Vol. I.--Stockholm. Deleen. First Swedish edition; some copies have an engraved title page, with portrait of Swedenborg. The London Swedenborg Society assisted the publication by the sum of 60.--A. L.

Lefvernes-Lra fr det Nya Jerusalem (Doctrine of Life). Stockholm. Deleen. First Swedish edition; translated by Carl Deleen, and published by the Society Pro Fide et Charitale.Kahl III:79.

On Himmelen och dess underbara ting, och om Helvetet. (On Heaven and Hell). Stockholm. Deleen. 524 pp. First Swedish edition; translated by Deleen, and published by Pro Fide et Charitale--Kahl, ibid.--A. L.

The Doctrine of Charity and Faith; extracted from the Arcana Coelestia. Manchester. Gleaver. 90 pp.--Conv. Theol. School.

The Doctrine of the New Jerusalem concerning the Lord. Cambridge, Mass. Fourth American edition; published by the Boston Society.--N. I:541.

The Doctrine of Life for the New Jerusalem. Boston. Cumings and Hilliard. Third American edition.--N. Y. L.

Vom Neuen Jerusalem und dessen Himmlischen Lehre. Reutlingen. Sixth German edition; mentioned in T. M. II:199.

[Anonymous]: An affectionate address to Trinitarians and Unitarians, by a layman of the New Jerusalem Church. Baltimore. Lusby. 20 pp--Cin. L.

Something New under the Sun; or a Book without a Preface!!! Cincinnati. 47 pp. A rambling account of the New Church.--Cin. L.

Arbouin, James: Select Aphorisms for the Serious and Well disposed. London. Noticed in I. 1821:467.

The Mirror of the Human Mind. London. A collection of poems, noticed in I. VI:68.

Bradley, Rev. James: A Lecture on the Godhead and the Holy Trinity. Newcastle. 52 pp. Reviewed in I. 1821:467--A. L.

A Course of Thirteen Lectures on the most important Theological Subjects. London. 354 pp.
Reviewed in I. VI:121.

Clowes, Rev. John: Christian Temper. Manchester. Varey. 95 pp.

A collection of sermons; reviewed in I. VI:188. A second edition was published in 1822.--A. L.

[Ettrick, Rev. W.]: The Trial of the Spirits,or a Demonstration of the Heavenly Doctrines of Emanuel Swedenborg, as the same are set forth in a vindication from the cavil of all objects, by Robert Hindmarsh. Sunderland. 301 pp. A violent, scurrilous attack on the New Church, published anonymously under a misleading title, as if by Robert Hindmarsh. The author, a clergyman of the Established Church, was skillfully unmasked by Rev. Samuel Noble, and his lies and perversions exposed in the (Intellectual Repository), 1825:590, 668.

Goyder, Rev. Thomas: A sermon occasioned by the demise of Mr. John Mansfield. London.
Noticed in I. 1821:467.

Departed Worth: a sermon occasioned by the demise of Charles Jenkins, Esq. London. Noticed in I. 1821:333.

Hindmarsh, Rev. Robert: A Vindication of the character and Writings of the Hon. Emanuel Swedenborg, against the slanders and misrepresentations of the Rev. J. G. Pike, of Derby. Derby. Manchester. 290 pp. A masterful defense of the Heavenly Doctrines; viewed in I. 1821:519; VI:47; R. P. 332--A. L.

Hodson, Rev. James: A Catechism on the Christian Name. London. Second edition; noticed in I. 1821:467.

[Juvenile]: a Catechism for the use of children, agreeable to the Heavenly Doctrine of the New Jerusalem. London. Goyder. 8 pp.--A. L.

[Liturgical]: Morgon och Aftonbner (Morning and Evening Prayers). Stockholm. 12 pp. Fourth edition.A. L.

Madeley, Rev. Edward: Pstoral Instruction, etc. Derby. Richardson. 140 pp. A defense of the New Church against J. G. Pike; reviewed in I. 1821:514; R. P. 332--A. L.

Noble, Rev. Samuel: The Doctrine of the Scriptures respecting the Divine Trinity, Regeneration and Good Works. London. Simpkins. 34 pp.

Reviewed in I. 1821:533; R. P. 343.-A. L.

[Periodical]: The Intellectual Repository for 1821.--Vol. V. London. 536 pp.--A. L.

[Reports]: General Conference. Minutes of the Fourteenth Session. London. Th. Goyder. 67 pp.--A. L.

General Convention. Journal for 1821. New York. 8 pp.--A. L.

Manchester Printing Society. 19th Report. Noticed, I. 1821:401.

Swedenborg Society. Report of the Twelfth Annual Meeting. London. 19 pp.

[Robsahm, Carl]: Strdda Anteckningar hrande till Swedenborgs Lefverne (Memoirs of Swedenborg.) Carlshamn. Sderstrm. 28 pp.--A. L.

Sturtzenbecker, M.: Trst fr den brottslige (Consolation for the Criminal.) Stockholm. Deleen. Second edition.

Tybeck, Rev. Johan: Den wigtiga striden emellan Sannigens Ljus och Frdommarnes Mrker (The momentous combat between the light of truth and the darkness of prejudices). Stockholm. Deleen. 266 pp.

Ofrgriplig Anledning till Christeligt behjertande, etc. Stockholm. 75 pp.

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS.
Africa. The republic of Liberia is founded by the American Colonization Society.

America. Monroe enters on his second term of administration. Missouri is admitted as a State of the Union.

Brazil. The country declares itself independent of Portugal. John VI returns to Portugal, leaving his son, Dom Pedro, as regent in Brazil. Central America. The colonies in Central America declare themselves independent of Spain.

France. Saint Simon, the French socialist, publishes his Systme Industriel.

Great Britain. Death of Queen Caroline.

Greece. Outbreak of the Greek Revolution. The patriots, under Ypsilanti, are defeated in the North, but are successful on the Morea and in the Archipelago. Tripolitza is taken by storm. The Greek patriarch is hung at Constantinople. A provisional government is established in Greece.

Italy. The autocratic government in Naples is restored by Austrian troops. A revolution breaks out in Piedmont, and a liberal constitution is proclaimed, hut is subsequently annulled by Austria.

Mexico. Iturbide, the Liberator, overthrows the power of Spain and secures the independence of the country.

South America. Bolivar, by the victory at Carabobo, puts an end to the Spanish dominion in Colombia. San Martin proclaims the independence of Peru.

St. Helena. Death of Napoleon Bonaparte (May 5).

1822. America. Abingdon, Va.--Owing to the evangelistic labors of the Rev. Holland Weeks, the Church makes great progress here, between fifty and sixty persons receiving Baptism within one year. Mr. Nathaniel Holly, formerly of New York, settles as minister here, and is ordained at Baltimore, October 27, by Rev. John Hargrove, receiving at once all clerical powers, including the authority to ordain other ministers.--Conv, R. 1882:7; M. 43:551.

Bath, Me.--The circle now numbers about twenty receivers. 9 missionary tract is published.--Conv. R. 1822:8.

Boston, Mass.--Mr. Thomas Worcester officiates regularly as the minister to the Society. The leaders are engaged in a lively controversy with prominent members of the Society in Philadelphia, respecting the conjugial relation, the former denying, the Philadelphians upholding the absolute authority of the Writings.--N. iv: 66-121.

Lydia Maria Child, afterwards famous as authoress, at this time becomes a member of the Boston society. She afterwards falls away from the New Church.

August 10.--Organization of the Boston Society for Communicating Truth,--a New Church Evidence society, of a literary character, formed by Samuel Worcester, T. B. Hayward, Sampson and Caleb Reed, Warren Goddard, H. G. Foster, Theophilus Parsons, T. H. Carter, Simeon Child, and B. F. Loring,--all young men of subsequent prominence in the Church. Weekly meetings are held until 1824. The activity of the Society is described in M. n. s. xiv:569.

Henderson, N. Y.--The Rev. Holland Weeks settled on his farm in this region, near Lake Ontario. He is engaged in extensive evangelistic labors, traveling in all directions, and frequently preaching the Doctrines to congregations of from twelve to fifteen hundred persons.--Conv. R. 1822; M.23:332.

Jeffersonville, Ind.A pretty large society is said to have been formed.--Conv. R. 1822:8.

Kentucky.--The societies at Knoxville and Louisville are described as increasing. Mr. Thomas H. Roberts is preaching occasionally.Ibid. 9.

Ohio, Cincinnati.--The Society is flourishing exceedingly, but radical notions, developed by Mr. Daniel Roe, begin to create some disturbance.--Ex. 174.

The work of Jonathan Chapman (Johnny Appleseed) is reported to the General Convention:

One very extraordinary missionary continues to exert, for the spread of Divine Truth, his modest and humble efforts, which would put the most zealous members to the blush. We now allude to Mr. J. Chapman, from whom we are in the habit of hearing frequently. His temporal employment consists in preceding the settlements, and sowing nurseries of fruit trees, which he avows to be pursued for the chief purpose of giving him an opportunity of spreading the Doctrines throughout the western country. In his progress, which neither heat nor cold, swamps nor mountains, are permitted to arrest, he carries on his back all the New Church publications he can procure, and distributes them wherever opportunity is afforded. So great is his zeal, that he does not hesitate to divide his volumes into parts, and, by repeated calls, enable the readers to peruse the whole in succession. Having no family, and inured to hardships of every kind, his operations are unceasing. He is now employed in traversing the district between Detroit and the closer settlements of Ohio. What shall be the reward of such an individual, where, as we are told in the Holy Writ, they that turn many to righteousness shall shine as the starts forever.-- Conv. R. 1822:8.

Philadelphia, Pa., June 3-5.Fifth General Convention. Rev. John Hargrove is chosen president, and Mr. Daniel Lammot, secretary. The Rev. T. Boyle, and his society at Frankford, are, by resolution, admitted into the fellowship of the New Church, being allowed to retain their mode of Baptism by immersion.

Resolutions are adopted recommending the custom of family worship, the support of missionary work, the publication of a quarterly magazine, and various measures intended as a guard against the admission of unsuitable persons into the office of the ordained ministry. The receivers in the West are recommended to form district conventions.--Conv. R. 1822. The spirit of the meeting is described in N. iv:123.

Great excitement, in regard to the New Church, is aroused in Philadelphia by two public events, the furious attack on the Heavenly Doctrines by the Rev. Jackson Kemper, a prominent Episcopalian minister, (see Publications), and the open avowal of these Doctrines by the Rev. Manning B. Roche, another popular minister of the Episcopal Church. The latter, on Dec. 15, preaches his resignation sermon to his great congregation, and immediately begins to preach the Doctrines of the New Church in two different places in the city. A number of his former parishioners follow him into the New Church.--Conv. R. 1823:17; N. J. Miss. p. 41, 45. His eloquent address of farewell, and the stirring scene of his leaving, are published in I. 1823:416.

St. Charles, Missouri.--A New Church Society is established here, not far from St Louis.--Conv. R. 1822:9.

France. Anger.--M. Verdier, a publisher, requests the British Swedenborg Society to co-operate with him in reprinting the Latin edition of the Arcana Coelestia and other works by Swedenborg. The proposal is declined, as not coming within the plan of the Society.--R. S. S. 13:10.

Coutanches, in Normandy.--A New Church Society, consisting of fifteen members, has recently been formed here.I. 1822:202.

Germany. Basel.--Mr. John Henry Smithson, a young Englishman, student of Theology at the University of Basel, receives the Doctrines of the New Church through the reading of Heaven and Hell. He soon afterwards becomes acquainted with J. A. Tulk, Esq., and visits Dr. Tafel at Tübingen.--I. 1864:209.

Tübingen.--Dr. Steudel, Professor of Theology at the University, in an article in the Suabian Mercury, severely condemns Dr. Tafels proposition to publish Swedenborgs works in German. Dr. C. Barth, another theological professor, soon afterwards issues his well-known pamphlet A Warning against Swedenborgianism.I. 1830:8.

Great Britain. Brightlingsea, Aug. 23.--Death of Rev. Robert Brant, at the age of 74 years. The deceased was a member of the Theosophical Society in 1784, was one of the founders of the separate New Church in London, 1787; receiving ordination, in 1791, he settled in Bristol as the first minister of that Society, and served subsequently in Hull, 1807, in London, (Dudley Court), 1810, and at Brightlingsea, 1810-1822, where he was greatly respected.I. 1822:346.

Bristol.--A split occurs in this Society; a minority, retaining the services of the Rev. Joseph Enoch, open a place of worship in Horse Fair; the majority remaining at Silver St., engage as pastor Mr. David G. Goyder, who, on Nov. 3, is ordained by the Rev. Thomas ChurchillI. 1822:544; Conf. R. 1822:32.

Dublin.--A society exists here, under the leadership of Mr. Joseph Radley.Ibid. p. 43.

Dundee.--An ecclesiastical adventurer, belonging to the Relief Church, attracts great attention through his eloquence and new doctrines. A number of his hearers, accidentally discovering that these teachings were those of the New Jerusalem, embrace the same heartily, but separate from the preacher, who is found to be a fraud. A new society is formed, and the members enter into connection with the General Conference.-- Conf. R. 1822:43; I. 1822:540. See also R. P. 367, and N. C. M. I:52.

Edinburgh.--The members here institute The North British Missionary and Tract Society of the New Jerusalem Church. The Rev. T. Goyder, of London, lectures with great success, and baptizes thirty-three persons.--Conf. R. 1822:42.

Glasgow.--Rev. T. Goyder, while lecturing here, baptizes twenty-one adults and eight children.Ibid. p. 42.

Hull.--The society, after the successful termination of a tedious law suit, gain possession of the Chapel, together with a debt to the lawyers, amounting to 700; the payment of the interest of this debt consumes about half of the income from the societys estate.Ibid. p. 41.

London, June 19.--Thirteenth annual meeting of the Swedenborg Society. The committee reports the publication of a new edition of the Doctrine of the Lord.--R. S. S. 13.

The society in Lisle St., under Mr. Noble, numbers 120 members; the society in Waterloo Road, under Mr. Goyder, has over 100 members. Twenty-one adults have been baptized during the year. The Sunday School has been discontinued, to make room for a new institution, The New Jerusalem Free School.--Conf. R. 1822:32.

Manchester, Nov. 1.--Death of Mr. William Harrison, a prominent member of the Church, founder of the society at Mansfield, and distinguished by his literary labors in behalf of the Doctrines.I. 1822:421.

Paisley.--The society here is split into two parties, owing to personal differences. Public services are discontinued.--Conv. R. 1822:29, 42.

Salford, Aug. 13-17.--Fifteenth General Conference. Eight ministers and thirty-seven representatives are present. Mr. Hindmarsh is chosen president, and Mr. Noble, secretary. Resolutions are adopted, affirming the desirability of uniformity in worship, etc. Mr. Hindmarshs new form of Liturgy is referred to a committee of ministers and leaders. A committee is appointed to publish a revised hymnbook. A bequest of L300 is received from the late Mrs. Berry.--Conv. R. 1822: R. P. 375.

St. Heliers, Jersey, March 5.--The members of the New Church in this island, about a dozen in number, open public worship under the leadership of Captain Gomm, R. N., and Mr. A. Le Cras.I. 1822:201; R. P. 361.

Spain.--Captain Bernard, being stationed with his regiment on the Spanish frontier, communicates the Doctrines to many prominent persons on both sides of the Pyrenees. Among the Spanish receivers are mentioned the Bishop of Barcelona, Don Ellola, commissioner of the army, General Palafox, the heroic defender of Sarragossa, Don Augustin Quinto, the author, etc.M. 31:462.

Sweden. Gottenburg.--Mr. J. Minten, a Prominent New Churchman, opens correspondence with Professor Tafel.

Mr. Lwegren, another receiver in this city, begins to publish a small New Church Monthly in Swedish, entitled Aftonbladet.I. 1870:140.

PUBLICATIONS.
Swedenborg. Himmelska Lnnligheter (Arcana Coelestia), Vol. II, parts I-III; Nos. 1114-1520. Stockholm, Deleen. First Swedish Edition.--A. L.

Sagesse Angelique sur le Divine Amour et sur la Divine Sagesse (Divine Love and Wisdom). Paris. Second French edition; translated by M. Mot, and published by J. A. Tulk.--A. L.

The Doctrine of the New Jerusalem concerning the Lord, London. S. S. Seventh English edition, carefully compared with Latin.--S. S. L.

[Anonymous]: An Interesting Account of the last illness and death of Miss Lavinia R. Murdock. London. Noticed in I. vi:203.

Remarks upon the Writings of Swedenborg; with extracts from the works of different authors. Bath, Me. 38 pp. An interesting and historically important pamphlet, containing the favorable remarks of various celebrated writers respecting Swedenborg and his works.--Cin. L.

Sens Spirituel de lOraison Dominicale. Brussels; mentioned in B. I.

Clowes, Rev. John: A few plain answers to the question: Why do you receive the Testimony of Baron Swedenborg? London. Hodson. 36 pp. Fourth edition.--A. L.

Letters to a Member of Parliament on the Character and Writings of Baron Swedenborg. Manchester. Second edition; mentioned in I. vi:258.

Scripture Histories. Vol. III. Manchester. Noticed in I. vi:203.

The Divine Person and Character of Jesus Christ defended. London. Hodson. Second edition; noticed in I. vi:127.

The Twelve Hours of the Day; or a Summary View of some of the principal stages or processes of the Regenerate Life. Manchester. Gleave. 178 pp. Reviewed in I. vi:388.--A. L.

Goyder, David G.: A Lecture on the Unity of the Godhead. London. 24 pp. Noticed in I. vi:192.

Goyder, Rev. Thomas: Mountains removed by Faith. A lecture. London. Goyder. 22 pp.--A. L.

The Investigator; or an Inquiry how far the Doctrine of the Divine Trinity, as set forth by the late Rev. John Wesley, is in agreement with the Testimony of the Holy Scriptures. London. Goyder. 44 pp.--A. L.

Hindmarsh, Rev. Robert: A Vindication of Emanuel Swedenborg. London. Second, cheap edition; noticed in I. vi:203; R. P. 332.

Letters to Dr. Priestley. London. Hodson. 252 pp. Second edition; reviewed in I. vi: 203, 258.

[Kemper, Rev. Jackson]: An Appendix to Mr. Clowes Pamphlet, or, Swedenborgianism Displayed. Philadelphia. 32 pp. A violent attack on the New Church, by an Episcopal minister, (afterwards bishop in the North West). It was answered in an excellent pamphlet by Jonathan Condy, Esq. --See Mess. 32:70; New Jerusalem Missionary, pp. 41-45. We have found a copy in the library of Harvard University.

[Liturgical]: The Liturgy of the New Jerusalem Church, respectfully recommended to the use of the Societies of the New Church in the United States. Together with Hymns for the use of the New Church. Philadelphia. T. S. Manning. 325 pp.

This is the first distinctively American New Church Liturgy, and was composed chiefly by Jonathan Condy, Esq.--See Mess. vol. 32:70. A copy is owned by Rev. Frank Sewall.

[Periodical]: Aftonbladet (The Evening News). Gottenburg. G. Lwegren. 4to. A four-page New Church monthly published during the years 1822-1824. A set is preserved by Nykyrkliga Bokfrlaget in Stockholm.

The Intellectual Repository, for 1821, together with the issues for 1823, constituting vol. vi of the whole series.--A. L.

Pilkington, Rev. Thomas: A Candid Reply to the Rev. George Partington. Haslingden. 76 pp--A. L. A Compliance with the Enquirers Request, being a solution of Unitarian doubts, etc. Haslingden. 30 pp. Reviewed I. vi:258.--A. L.

[Reports]: General Conference. Minutes of the Fifteenth Session. London. Th. Goyder. 58 pp.-A. L.

General Convention. Journal for 1822. Philadelphia. 17 pp.--A. L.

Manchester Printing Society. 20th Report. Manchester. 28 pp.

Missionary and Tract Society of the New Jerusalem Church. Proceedings of the first annual meeting. London. Goyder. 34 pp.--A. L.

North British Missionary and Tract Society of the New Jerusalem Church, Rules of. Edinburgh. 23 pp.--U. L.

Plan for the formation of a School, for the Education of Children in the principles of the New Jerusalem Church. London. Goyder. 8 pp.--S. S. L.

Swedenborg Society, Report of the thirteenth annual meeting. London. 16 pp.--A. L.

Roche, Rev. M. B.: A Sermon on the Character and Mission of the Sons of Man. Philadelphia. J. Frick. 16 pp.A. L.

Tybeck, Rev. Johan: Den Heliga Sanningens Segrande Bestnd. Stockholm. 70 pp.--A. L.

Frsk att gra Luthers Lilla Kateches nyttig och anvndbar. (An effort to make Luthers Catechism useful and practicable). Stockholm. 147 pp.--A. L.

Intolerancen (On the Intolerance in the Lutheran Church). Gottenburg. 130 pp.--A. L.

Skall Kristna Religionen i Svenska Kyrkan st eller falla (Is the Christian Religion to stand or fall in the Swedish Church?) Stockholm. 288 pp.--A. L.

Worcester, Thomas: Jesus said unto him: Follow Me. A Discourse. Cambridge. Hilliard.B. L.

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS.
Brazil. Dom Pedro is declared constitutional emperor.

Italy. A Congress of the Powers assembles at Verona. Death of Canova, the sculptor.

Greece. The independence of Greece is proclaimed by the national assembly. The Greeks capture Athens. The Turks massacre the Christians in the island of Scios; they are victorious at Peta, but are defeated in the Morea.

Great Britain. The Irish Insurrection Act is passed by Parliament. The Caledonian Canal is completed. Canning is appointed secretary of foreign affairs. Death of Shelley, the poet, and of Sir William Herschel, the astronomer.

Mexico. Iturbide proclaims himself Emperor of Mexico. Santa Anna, and others, proclaim the Republic.

Spain. The Constitutionalist party in the Cortes is triumphant over the Royalists. The representatives of the Powers, at Verona, resolve to put down the Constitutionalists by armed force.

1823. America. Baltimore, June 5-7--Sixth General Convention. Mr. Hargrove is chosen president, and Mr. Woodworth, secretary. Committees are appointed to compose a Catechism, to draw up an address to the members of the New Church in the United States, and to draw up some general Rules of Order for the regulation of the future conventions. A resolution is passed, recommending that each society shall be represented by not more than three delegates at the conventions.-- Conv. R. 1823. The spirit of the meeting is described in N. iv:126, and Ex. 163.

June 8.--Ordination of Rev. Manning B. Roche, by Mr. Hargrove. He is at once invested with all clerical powers, including that of ordaining other ministers.--N. J. Miss. 96; Ex. 164.

Boston, Mass.The Society now numbers 40 members, and has been incorporated-- Conv. R. 1823:19.

New York City.--The Rev. Solyman Brown, a young Calvinistic Preacher of Connecticut, having warmly embraced the Heavenly Doctrines, attaches himself to the New Church in New York, and begins to deliver a course of evening lectures which attract great attention in the city and result in the conversion of many persons.--N. J. Miss. 134, 200.

May.--Publication of the first number of The New Jerusalem Missionary, a monthly magazine, edited by Samuel Woodworth.M. n. s. viii:140.

[Photo of S. Woolworth.]

Ohio, Cincinnati.--The services of the Church here are described in a report to the Convention. Three sermons or lectures are delivered every Sunday; Mr. Roe preaches in the forenoon, Mr. Hurdus in the afternoon, and Mr. Lovel in the evening, all serving gratuitously.--Conv. R. 1823:12.

Steubenville, O., June 20.--Death of Rev. David Powell. Born at Brownsville, Pa., 1770, he emigrated to Ohio in 1796, and received the Doctrine of the New Church through his brother-in-law, Rev. Thomas Newport, in 1718. He soon began to preach, with much success, received ordination in 1817, and continued to serve as the pastor of the Steubenville society until his death; a faithful, earnest, and much beloved man.Mess. 55:137; N. J. Miss. 104; see also the Autobiography of his son, Rev. David Powell, Jr.

Pennsylvania.Mr. John Lister, a New Church itinerant missionary, preaches at Doylestown, Newhope, and Newtown.--Conv. R. 1823:11.

Philadelphia.--The Rev. M. B. Roche begins to form a society in the southern part of the city, (Southwark), and opens public worship in Commissioners Hall.--Ex. 165.

June 17.--Mr. William Schlatter publishes a circular, indignantly denouncing the conjugial heresy, which at this time is threatening to disrupt the New Church in America. It is reproduced in N. iv:125.

Frankford.--Death of Rev. T. Boyle, the Free Will Baptist clergyman, who, in 1820, brought his whole congregation into the New Church. He is succeeded by Rev. Isaac Worrell, who, on December 14, is ordained by Mr. Roche. (All clerical powers are conferred, excepting that of ordaining others).--N. J. Miss. 293.

France. Bayonne, March.--An English evangelist of the Established Church, in a letter to the New Evangelical Magazine of London, describes the Swedenborgian propaganda of some young officers of the French army, stationed at Bayonne: I know two in particular, who are separated from the world, and who manifest a conduct worthy in many respects of the children of God, but alas! they are the disciples of Swedenborg! I do not know how to describe their zeal for propagating what they think to be truth: the courage with which they brave the reproaches with which they are covered, the benevolence which they show towards the wretched, and the love they witness for the Word. My heart is grieved when I see such fruits, connected with principles most opposed to the truth! [!]I. 1823:416; R. P. 386. The young officers, here referred to, are Captain Bernard and his associates.

Great Britain. Rev. M. M. Carll, the pastor of the society in Philadelphia, Pa., on account of ill health is recommended to undertake a sea voyage, and visits England, where his health is greatly improved. He preaches to the societies in Liverpool, Manchester, Derby, Birmingham, London, Brightlingsea, and other places, everywhere creating a most favorable impression, and doing much good by acting as arbitrator in matters of dispute in various societies.--M. 44:605; L. M. 1827:26; G. H. 61.

Accrington, July 29.--Death of Mr. George Haworth, for many years the (unordained) minister of the Accrington Society. He was a great student of the Word and the Writings in the original tongues, an acute theologian, an able preacher and evangelist, and a cheerful, sincere and liberal man.I. 1823:547; Conf. R. 1823:41.

Birmingham.--The Rev. Joseph Proud, owing to the infirmities of old age, has resigned from the pastorate, but is still preaching occasionally. Mr. Edward Madeley, Jr., succeeds to the pastorate.--Conf. R. 1823:42.

Boston, March 11.--Death of Mr. Samuel Dawson, for thirty years the leader of the society in Bolton. Born in 1744, he became, while a young man, the intimate friend of Rev. John Clowes, from whom he received the Doctrines of the New Church in 1778, and became the founder of the Bolton Society in 1781. A plain, uncultured man, of bright intelligence and a most remarkable memory, he is one of the most interesting characters in the history of the New Church in Lancashire.--See biographies in I. 1823:474; 1872:292; Mess. 47:65; N. C. M. 1890:316, and Dr. Bayleys Early Worthies of the New Church, p.1.

Dover, May 20--Death of Thomas Chester, Esq., a well-known and wealthy New Churchman. He leaves, by bequest, the sum of 3,000 to the General Conference.--I. 1823:479.

Dublin, August.--Mr. David Howarth, of Salford, visits the small society in this city, and delivers the first New Church lectures in Ireland.--R. P. 396.

Hull.--The society engages the services of the Rev. F. M. Hodson, formerly of Manchester, whose lively eloquence creates a great revival of interest. The congregations increase to 200 at the morning, and from 500 to 700 at the evening services.--Conf. R. 1823:46.

London, March 16.Mr. Nobles society removes from its obscure quarters in Lisle St. to a commodious chapel in Hanover St., Long Acre. There are now 160 regular attendants.

(This society was formed at Cross St., 1796, removed to York St., 1799, and to Lisle St., 1813. It removed to its original quarters in Cross St., Hatton Gardens, in 1827, and to Camden Road, in 1872.)--L 1895:77; 1823; 412; Conf. R. 1823; work 47.

June 19.--Fourteenth annual meeting of the Swedenborg Society, Dr. Spurgin, chairman, and William Mason, secretary. The committee reports that arrangements have been made with the Manchester Printing Society for co-operation in the work of publishing the Arcana Coelestia.--R. S. S. 14.

August 12-16.--Sixteenth General Conference, Rev. Richard Jones, president; S. Noble, secretary. Eight ministers and nineteen delegates are present. The Conference resolves to appoint a minister at each annual meeting to draw up an Affectionate Address to the members of the New Church at large. All the ministers present are constituted a committee to prepare a Liturgy. Resolutions are adopted to receive in trust the temple lately erected in Newcastle, to assist the new society in Norwich, and to receive the bequests of the late Thomas Chester, of Dover. The principle of a trine in the ministry is approved, but further consideration is postponed; white is recommended as the proper color for the official robes of New Church ministers.--Conf. R. 1823.

Manchester, July 11.--Rev. John Clowes, in a letter to Chas. Augustus Tulk, Esq., expresses the horror which has been excited in his mind by perusing a manuscript of Mr. Tulks, in which the author sets forth his idealistic and gnostical notions denying the reality of the Lords incarnation. Mr. Clowes, in most earnest and pitiful terms, appeals to his old friend not to disturb the infant New Church by the publication of these fantastic but insidious sentiments.--Comptons Life of Clowes, 1874:211.

Newcastle, February 6.--Consecration of the new temple of the New Church, by Rev. James Bradley, and Rev. Samuel Noble, of London. The occasion and the building are described, together with the history of its erection, in I. 1823:407; G. H. 82, 83.

Norwich, July.--Mr. Noble lectures here with great success. The Rev. G. Beaumont, a Methodist minister, alarmed for his flock, or irritated at the insinuation that he himself was almost a Swedenborgian, now openly attacks the New Church from his pulpit. The Sunday following, twenty-seven of his members sever their connection with his chapel.I. 1865:480.

Holland. Dortrech.--The Rev. B. F. Tydeman, a Dutch clergyman, in a letter to Manchester describes his conversion to the New Jerusalem, and his literary efforts in its behalf.--I. 1823:406; see also L. 1890:218.

Sweden. Stockholm.--The first New Church Liturgy in Swedish is published this year by members in Stockholm. Enemies of the Church publish a furious, anonymous attack on the Doctrines, and also a translation of Pikes Swedenborgianism Depicted in its True Colours. The latter calls forth an eloquent reply by the Rev. Johan Tybeck.

April 3.--Death of E. J. Stagnelius, the sphinx of modern poets, by some considered Swedens noblest hard. He is said to have been the first of all poets to take up Swedenborgs teachings respecting the spiritual world, as yielding fit materials for poetical delineation an interesting sketch of his life and work, together with many specimens, (in English), of his poetry, is published by Richard MCully in I. 1869:512.

NOTABLE ARTICLES.
Intellectual Repository, Vol. VI.

On the various names in the Word, terminating with el, which in Hebrew signifies God, an exegetical study, by Robert Hindmarsh, p. 290.

On the various readings of the Word, p. 521, Mr. Noble here first promulgates his well-known theory that the real text of the Sacred Scriptures, though preserved intact, is not to be found entire in any single manuscript or edition, but is dispersed in all of them.

New Jerusalem Missionary, Vol. I.

Jonathan Condys Reply to the Rev. Jackson Kempers attack on the New Church, republished

Controversial, a series of brilliant replies by Samuel Woodworth to sarcastic and acrimonious comments on the Heavenly Doctrines by numerous Unitarian and Universalist journals.

On the Pastoral Relation, an excellent exposure of the absurdity of the conjugial heresy, p. 162.

The Names of the Prophets and the Evangelists, a philological and expository study by M. B. Roche--very original and interesting, p. 169.

PUBLICATIONS.
Swedenborg: Arcana Coelestia, Vol. I, Nos. 1-287. New York. Sam. Woodworth. 96 pp. First American edition; published in monthly issues as appendix to The New Jerusalem Missionary, but discontinued simultaneously with that journal.--A. L.

Die Lehre des Neuen Jerusalem vom Herrn (Doctrine of the Lord). Tübingen. 492 pp. Second German edition; translated by Immanuel Tafel, who has introduced a preface of 296 pp.; noticed in M. 14:109.A. L.

Fortstzung vom Jngsten Gericht (Continuation concerning the Last Judgment). Tübingen. First German edition; translated by Im. Tafel. M. 14:109.A. L.

LApocalypse Revele. Paris. First French edition; translated by M. Meet, and published by J. A. Tulk.--N. Y. L.

On Heaven and Hell. London. S. S. Seventh English edition.--S. S. L.

Sagesse Angelique de la Divine Providence. Paris. First French edition; translated by Mot, and published by Tulk.--A. L.

The Doctrine of Life for the New Jerusalem. London. S. S. Eighth English edition; mentioned in B. I.

The Doctrine of the New Jerusalem concerning Faith. London. S. S. Fourth English edition, revised.--R. S. S. 1825:6.B. I.

The Doctrine of the New Jerusalem concerning the Lord. London. S. S. Eighth English edition.B. I.

[Anonymous]: A Letter written by --- of the Ld, Me., to his friend , giving reasons why he has altered his religious sentiments. Hallowell, Me. 23 pp.

Describes the writers conversion to the New Church.--Harvard Library.

Frdelsens styggelse i Guds Helgedom (The Abomination of desolation in the Sanctuary of God; or, the false confession of faith of Swedenborgianism, as professed in the Christian Church, exposed and disproved by Anonymous, in conversations between a Lutheran and a Swedenborgian). Gottenburg. 304 pp. A furious; incoherent tirade against the New Church.A. L.

Proofs of the Supreme Divinity of the Lord Jesus Christ, and of the Doctrine of the Divine Trinity. London. Goyder. 30 pp.--I. L.

Reflexioner fver Assessor Emanuel Swedenborgs character och arbeten (Reflections on Swedenborgs character and works). Stockholm. Deleen. 25 pp. An excellent tract.--A. L.

The Theological Contrast. Bath, Me. 128 pp. A comparison of the Heavenly Doctrines with the
tenets of various sects, in parallel columns. No title page.--Cin. L.

Arbouin, James: Dissertations on the Regenerate Life. Philadelphia. T. S. Manning. 76 pp.

Beyer, Rev. G. A.: A declaration respecting the Doctrines taught by Emmanuel Swedenborg, delivered in 1770 to the King of Sweden. London. Hodson. 24 pp. Second edition.--S. S. L.

Clowes, Rev. John: On Delights: their origin, variety, uses, and ends: together with the important duties to which they point. Leamington. Spa Press. 167 PP. Reviewed in I. 1824:312.--A. L.

The Gospel according to Luke. Manchester. W. D. Varey. 434 pp. Second edition.--A. L.

Condy, Jonathan W.: A letter to the Rev. Jackson Kemper, presbyter of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States, on the subject of Swedenborgs Character and Writings. Philadelphia. T. S. Manning. 40 pp.--Cin. L.

[Daillant de la Touche]: The Beauties of Swedenborg. London. Second edition.R. L.

[Liturgical]: Ordining och Bner vid den allmnna Gudstjensten uti den Nya Frsamlingen hvilken i Uppenbarelseboken frsts med det Nya Jerusalem (Liturgy and Prayers for the public worship in the New Church, signified by the New Jerusalem in the Revelation). Stockholm. Deleen. 43 pp. The first New Church Liturgy in Swedish, based on the Liturgy of the English Conference. The publication, which was done for Mr. Tybeck and his friends, created much ill-feeling among the non-separatists in Sweden. It was used only at the private worship of certain New Church families. See Knös Frsk, p. 221.--R. L.

[Periodical]: The Intellectual Repository for 1823, completing vol. VI. Hondon. Hodson. 556 pp.--A. L.

The New Jerusalem Missionary and Intellectual Repository. New York. 384 pp. A monthly magazine, edited by Samuel Woodworth, and published by The New York Society of the New Jerusalem, from May, 1823 to April, 1824. It is very outspoken in character, and contains many interesting articles.--M. n. s. VIII: 140.--A. L.

[Pike, Rev. J. G.]: Swedenborg och Biblen; eller Swedenborgianismen betraktad i sin varnande gestalt (Swedenborg and the Bible; or Swedenborgianism viewed in its dangerous and warning aspects). Stockholm. Rumstedt. 118 pp. A Swedish translation of Pikes attack on the New Church, by C. F. Hggman,--A. L.

[Reports]: General Conference. Minutes of the Sixteenth Session. London. Th. Goyder. 58 pp.--A. L.

General Convention. Journal for 1823. Baltimore. 24 pp--A. L.

Manchester Printing Society, 21st Report. Manchester. 28 pp.

New Jerusalem Church Free Schools. First Annual Report of the Committee of. London. Goyder. 19 pp.--S. S. L.

Swedenborg Society, Report No. 14. London. Hodson. 18 pp.--A. L.

Salmon, J. W.: The Supreme Divinity of our Lord Jesus Christ, again defended in opposition to Mr. Knowles late tract. Nantwich. Jones. 74 pp.--A. L.

Thayer, Mrs. Caroline: Letters to the members of the Methodist Episcopal Church of New York. London. 24 pp. This tract, which describes the reasons for the writers conversion to the New Church, was originally published at New York, and created quite a sensation both within and without the New Church.--Reviewed in I. VI:396.

Tybeck, Rev. Johan: r det Nya Frslaget till Evangelii-bok nog lmpadt eft nrvarande tids friga upplysning? Stockholm. 43 pp.R. L.

Wilderspin, Samuel: On the Importance of Educating the Infant Children of the Poor. 196 pp. Reviewed in I. VI: 466.

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS.
Africa. Denham and Clapperton, the explorers, reach Lake Tchad.

America. The President, in his annual message, enunciates the Monroe Doctrine.

Central America. The Republics of Guatemala, San Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua and Costa Rica, constitute themselves the Federal Republic of Central America.

Italy. Death of Pope Pius VII. He is succeeded by Leo XII, a cunning and imperious character.

Great Britain. Foundation of the British Anti-Slavery Society, by Wilberforce and others. The Welsh Calvinistic Methodists adopt a confession of faith.

Greece. Death of Marco Bozzaris, the heroic leader of the Suliotes.

Mexico. Iturbide is forced to resign.

Portugal. John VI abolishes the Constitution.

Spain. A French army invades Spain and expels the Cortes from Madrid. The Cortes carry on the king to Cadiz, where they are bombarded by the French. Cadiz falls, Ferdinand VII is released, and the constitutional party crushed.

1824. America. Abingdon, Va., August 29.--Ordination of Samuel H. Wills into the ministry of the New Church, by Rev. Nathaniel Holly, who now removes to Cincinnati.--Conv. R. 1826:16.

Massachusetts, Abington.--A number of young men receive the Doctrines, and begin to associate together, under the leadership of Mr. Elisha Paxon and Mr. Cephas Cobb, who had been introduced into the Church by Rev. Holland Weeks.

This forms the beginning of the Abington Society.--M. 28:339.

Bridgewater.--A number of new receivers establish a New Church library, and form themselves into a society. They report a membership of 15 to 20 persons.--Conv. R. 1826:13.

Yarmouth.--A society of seven members is formed here.Ibid.

Pennsylvania, Lancaster.--Though receivers of the Doctrines have existed here since 1796, a New Church society is not formed until the present year.Ibid. p. 16.

Philadelphia.--The society of Rev. M. B. Roche in Southwark is reported as in a most flourishing condition, with more than 150 members. Seventy new members have been added within a year, many of these being former members of the original society in Philadelphia. The latter society is in a state of decline, owing to the financial embarrassments of the most prominent members. The pastor, Rev. M. M. Carll, after a long absence on account of ill health, on his return finds himself unable to serve gratuitously as before, and the regular services in the Temple are discontinued. The society, in consequence, loses its charter.--Conv. R. 1826:15 ; Ex. 169.

June 3-5.Seventh General Convention. Mr. Hargrove, president, and Mr. Roche, secretary. The committee on Rules of Order, appointed at the last Convention, reports that until it be deemed advisable to change the nature and character of this assembly, it will be unnecessary to form a special code of laws. It is resolved to transmit a respectful and affectionate address to the General Conference of the New Church in England. A communication from the Cincinnati society, signed by Daniel Roe, denying in toto the use of ordination, or of any distinctive priesthood, and requesting the Convention to express itself upon the subject, is received, and a committee of three ministers and four laymen is appointed to make a report to the next meeting. This marks the beginning of the controversy on the subject of the Priesthood, which so long has agitated the New Church in America. It is resolved that the next Convention be held in New York, 1826.

The reason for thus deferring the meeting seems to have been the languishing conditions of the societies in Philadelphia and New York, and the generally disturbed state of the Church, as resulting from the heated controversy about the conjugial relation between pastors and their societies. The Journal of this Convention did not appear until 1826, when it was printed as an Appendix to the Journal of the Eighth General Convention. The extraordinary communication from Cincinnati is published in Ex. Appendix, p. xli. See also Conv. R. 1826, p. 22, and Ex. 166-177.

Portland, Me.--Beginning of the New Church in this city. A lawyer, John L. Megquier, settles in Portland. Possessing a copy of Heaven and Hell, he lends the same to his physician, Dr. Timothy Little, who speedily receives the Doctrines, and before long succeeds in interesting Mr. Megquier himself, Mr. Oliver Gerrish, and a few others.M. 30:207; M. n. s. V:475; Mess. 38:255.

Steigers Rest, Athens Co., Ohio.--Baron J. R. de Steiger Granson, one of Napoleons old generals, settles in this district, where he has purchased some thousand acres along the Little Federal Creek, in Ames township. He brings with him several hundred emigrants from Switzerland and builds a baronial mansion for himself, and cabins for his tenants. While on his way to the wilderness, he stops in Philadelphia, where he becomes acquainted with members of the New Church, and receives the Doctrines with much enthusiasm. In a letter to the Convention of 1824 he states his intention to introduce all his tenants into the faith of the New Jerusalem, that he is building a temple for this purpose, and desires the services of a minister. He subsequently secures the services of Mr. Daniel Thuun, an old and well-known member of the Church in Philadelphia, who spends the rest of his days as chaplain to the Baron. According to the Rev. J. R. Hibbard, who visited Steigers Rest in his youth, the Baron died at an advanced age, and the colony dispersed, but the temple and a few of the colonists remained, among these a Mr. Junod, who, among others, was instrumental in presenting the Doctrines to Mr. Hibbard.--See Conv. R. 1826:17, and Mess. vols. 30:177; 33:304; 44:208.

France. Ban-de-la-Roche.--J. H. Smithson visits the celebrated Oberlin, who declares his faith in the general principles of the New Church.IV. C. M. 1895:214; I. 1864:211.

Great Britain. Ballyroan, Queens Co., Ireland.--A small society exists here, with Mr. James Hutchinson as the leader.--Conf. R. 1824:66.

Birmingham, August 10-14.--Seventeenth General Conference, Rev. Samuel Noble, president, Mr. J. S. Hodson, secretary. Nine ministers and twenty representatives are present. The reports of the committees on the Liturgy and the Hymn-book are received and referred to the London ministers for final arrangement and publication. A form for registering baptisms is adopted. A committee is appointed to consider the ordering of the Ministry. A resolution is adopted to apply part of the income of the Chester bequest to the use of educating thirty poor children in the New Jerusalem Free School in London. Mr. William Mason is appointed Secretary of Foreign Correspondence.-- Conf. R. 18 24; R. P. 424.

August 12.--Mr. David Howarth, minister of the Salford society, is ordained by Rev. Richard Jones.--I. 1825:415.

Dundee.--Mr. William Bruce, of Edinburgh, settles as minister of this society, which now consists of thirty-seven members.--Conf. R. 1824:66.

Haslingden.--An outline history of this society is given ibid. 68.

London.--Death of Mr. William Sharpe, the eminent line-engraver, noted, also, for his eccentric religious views. He was a pronounced New Churchman, and one of the earliest members of the Theosophical Society, in 1784.--M. L. 1896:145; R. P, 23.

May 24.--The members of the society in Friars St. present a superb silver cup to their pastor, the Rev. Manoah Sibly, as a testification of their appreciation of his services, given gratuitously for thirty-six years.R. P. 423.

June 21.--Fifteenth annual meeting of the Swedenborg Society.

The committee reports an extensive advertisement and gratis distribution of the Writings during the past year. The book shop of Rev. Thomas Goyder, 415 Strand, has been made the depository of the societys publications.--R. S. S. 15.

Manchester, March 28.--Ordination of Mr. John Pownall, by Rev. Richard Jones.--I. 1824:246.

August 8.--Ordination of Mr. Thomas Pilkington, of Haslingden, by Rev. Richard Jones.--I. 1825:415.

Mr. John Broadfield receives the Doctrines, becomes a member of the Peter St. society, and begins his career of activity in the New Church.I. 1876:553.

Norwich, January.--The Rev. G. Beaumont publishes his virulent work, The Anti-Swedenborg, and continues his campaign by foul vituperations in the newspapers.--R. P. 416.

Salford, April 2.The Rev. Robert Hindmarsh, owing to age and physical weakness, resigns his pastoral charge of the society. The members, as a sign of their gratitude, present to him a beautiful silver cup. Rev. David Howarth succeeds to the pastorate.--R. P. 419; I. 1835:407; Conf. R. 1824:73.

St. Heliers, Jersey.--The enemies of the New Church disturb the services of the society by riots and stone throwing, but are finally restrained by the police. The small society at Weymouth, near St. Heliers, is similarly persecuted and vainly applies for protection to the mayor of the town, who sympathizes with the rioters.I. 1824:164/

Mr. Elias De la Roche Rendell,--afterwards a prominent minister of the New Church,--is introduced to the Doctrines by Mr. A. J. Le Cras, the leader of the society in St. Heliers.--See the introduction to Le Cras Compendium.

Warwick, July 6.--The annual meetings of non-separatists, formerly held at Hawkstone Park, are henceforth held at Warwick.--I. 1824:249; 1825:411.

India. Trichinopolis, Feb. 19.--A letter from a sergeant in the English army, to his father in Wigan, states that a number of the best members of the Methodist Society in that place have embraced the Doctrines of the New Church.--R. P. 432.

NOTABLE ARTICLES.
Intellectual Repository, 1824.

An inquiry whether the Word in all its integrity, though preserved, at present exists in any individual copy,--an important and able discussion, in a series of articles, between Robert Hindmarsh and Samuel Noble, the former taking the affirmative, the latter the negative side of this question.

Important sentiments of the New Church advocated by Dr. Isaac Watts and John Locke.--p. 127.

PUBLICATIONS.
Swedenborg: Appendix concerning the White Horse. Also called Concerning the Horse and the Hieroglypics. This short paper by Swedenborg, addressed, presumably, to the Academy of Sciences in Stockholm, was found by J. A. Tulk among the papers of the late Rev. Thomas Hartley, and is published in I. 1824:166.

Continuation du Judgement Dernier. Paris. Second French edition; translated by Mot, and published by J. A. Tulk.--L. R. T.

Des Terres Planetaires (On the Earths in the Universe). Paris. Second French edition; translated by Mot, and published by Tulk.L. R. T.

Die Lehre des Neuen Jerusalem vom Heiligen Schrift (Doctrine concerning the Sacred Scripture). Tübingen. First German edition; translated by Immanuel Tafel.--S. S. L.

Die Lehre des Neuen Jerusalem vom Glauben (Doctrine of Faith). Tübingen. First German edition; translated by Im. Tafel.--Mentioned in M. 14:109 --S. S. L.

Die Enthllte Offenbahrung (Apocalypse Revealed). Vol. I. Tübingen. 448 pp. First German edition; translated by Im. Tafel.--S. S. L.

Du Dernier Judgement (On the Last Judgment). Paris. Second French edition; translated by Mot, and published by J. A. Tulk.--L. R. T.

Extracts concerning the Lords Prayer (From the Writings). London. Goyder. 33 pp.--S. S. L.

Himmelska Lnnligheter (Arcana Coelestia), Vol. I, part 4, nos. 1521-1633). Stockholm. Deleen. First Swedish edition.--A. L.

Die Lebenslehre des Neuen Jerusalem (Doctrine of Life). Tübingen. First German edition; translated by Im. Tafel.--A. L.

Les Delisses de Sagesse dAmour Conjugale (Conjugial Love). First French edition; translated by Moet, and published by Tulk.--N. Y. L.

The Doctrine of Life for the New Jerusalem. Boston. T. H. Carter. Fourth American edition; mentioned in N. I 542.

The Doctrine of the New Jerusalem concerning the Lord. Boston. T. H. Carter. Fifth American edition; mentioned ibid.

The Doctrine of the New Jerusalem concerning the Sacred Scripture. London. S. S. L. Fifth English edition.--S. S. L.

The Psalms of David, with the Internal Sense. London.--S. S. L.

Vom Jngsten Gericht (On the Last Judgment). Tübingen. First German edition, translated by Im. Tafel.--A. L.

[Anonymous]: Address to the Clergy of the United States, on the Theological Writings of the Hon. Emanuel Swedenborg. Bedford, Pa 16 pp.--U. L.

Portrtt af en skallad Swedenborgian, sdan som han br wara (Portrait of a so-called Swedenborgian, such as he ought to be). Gottenburg. Lwegren. 4 pp. 4to. Translated into Swedish from the Intellectual Repository.--R. L.

Beaumont, Rev. G.: The Anti-Swedenborg: or a declaration of the principal errors and anti-scriptural Doctrines contained in the Theological Works of Emanuel Swedenborg. London. Baynes. 142 pp. An abusive attack on the Heavenly Doctrines.--R. P. 415A. L.

Clowes, Rev. John: Teckning af den Breda och den Smala Vgen (On the Broad and the Narrow Roads).

Gottenburg. Lwegren. 24 pp. Translated from the English.--R. L.

French, Mrs. G. G.: The contrast; or the natural and the spiritual man compared. With a collection of poems. London. Hodson. 42 pp.--A. L.

Gosse, Pierre Frdric: Portfeuille dun Ancien Typographe, ou Recueil de Lettres sur divers sujects (Portfolio of an old printer, or a collection of letters on various subjects). The Hague. Gosse. 254 pp. An extremely interesting publication, containing many important documents connected with the earliest history of the New Church.--A. L.

Hindmarsh, Rev. Robert: Christianity against Deism, Materialism, and Atheism, occasioned by a letter addressed to the author by Richard Carlile. London. 52 pp. Reviewed in I. 1824:156.

Knös, Prof. Gustaf: Samtal med mig sjelf om Werlden, Menniskan och Gud (Conversations with myself respecting the world, man and God). Upsala. Palmbald. 288 pp. The author, professor of oriental languages in Upsala, and one of the foremost orientalists in Europe; here teaches a philosophy clearly based on the Heavenly Doctrines. The work created a great sensation in Sweden and involved the author in much controversy.--Kahl IV:122; D. II:1209.--A. L.

Le Cras, Abraham J.: The Theological Contrast; or error exposed and truth elucidated; being an investigation into all the systems of religion now propagated in the whole world. [St. Heliers, Jersey?] 224 pp. Reviewed in I. 1825:405.

[Liturgical]: Hymns for the use of the New Church. London. Hodson. 432 pp. Compiled by order of the General Conference; reviewed in I. 1824:315.

Noble, Rev. Samuel: The Praises of the Lord. A Sermon delivered on occasion of the introduction of the New Hymn-book, London. Reviewed in I. 1824:315.

[Periodical]: Magazin fr die Neue Kirche. Tübingen. Vol. I, Part I; 40 pp. The first New Church Magazine in the German tongue, edited by Dr. Im. Tafel, and published as supplement to the volume of Gttliche Offenbarungen, which contains the German translations of the Doctrine of the Life, Doctrine of Faith, and The Last Judgment. (Tübingen, 1824:446 pp.--A. L.)

The Intellectual Repository, together with issues for 1825 constituting vol. I of the new series.

The New Church Christians Pocket Magazine. Bristol. A monthly journal, on a popular plan, edited and published by Rev. D. G. Goyder, for one year.--See Goyders Autobiography, p. 177.

Pilkington, Rev. Thomas: An Investigation of Unitarian Remarks on a Compliance with the Inquirers Request? London. Goyder. 73 pp. Reviewed in I. 1824:238.--A. L.

[Reports]: General Conference. Minutes of the Seventeenth Session. London. J. S. Hodson. 84 pp.--A. L.

General Convention. Journal for 1824. Published as appendix to Journal for 1826. Pp. 22-24.--A L.

Missionary and Tract Society. Third Report. London. Hodson. 32 pp.--Copy belongs to Mr. Sewall.

New Jerusalem Church Free School. London. Second Report.--S. S. L.

Swedenborg Society. Report No. XV. London. Hodson. 20 pp.--A. L.

Roche, Rev. Manning B.: The New Jerusalem Church Defended; being a reply to an attack made upon her doctrines and principles in the Christian Spectator, of New Haven, Conn. Philadelphia. T. S. Manning. 20 pp. Reviewed in N. J. Mess. p. 313.

Sturtzenbecker, M.: Johannis Uppenbarelse efter en andelig mening (The Revelation of John according to a spiritual sense). Stockholm. Deleen. 139 pp.--A. L.

Tafel, J. F. I.: Om halten och wrdet af Emanuel Swedenborgs Skrifter (On the character and value of Swedenborgs Writings). Stockholm. 113 pp.--A. L.

Translated from the German by Rev. J. Tybeck.

Tybeck, Rev. Johan: Den krnkta Sanningens Frsvar emot Smdeskriften Bibeln och Swedenborg. Stockholm. 176 pp. A refutation of the Swedish edition of Pikes attack on the New Church.--A. L.

Om den Gode Herden. Afskedspredikan hallen i Helgards Kyrka Stockholm. Deleen. 88 pp.--A. L.

Williams, Daniel: Strictures on the Religious System of Baron Swedenborg. Lynchburg, Va. 36 pp.--A L.

Worcester, Thomas: Sermons. Boston. 84 pp.--A. L.

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS.
America. The presidential election results in no choice. John Quincy Adams is elected President by the House of Representatives, John C. Calhoun, vice-president. Lafayette visits the United States.

Asia. Outbreak of war between England and Burmah. The English acquire Singapore.

France. Death of Louis XVIII. He is succeeded by his brother, Charles X. Death of Eugene Beauharnais.

Great Britain. First publication of the Westminster Review. Formation of the Catholic Association in Ireland.

Greece. Death of Lord Byron, at Missolonghi. Ibrahim Pascha is defeated by Miaulis.

Mexico. The Republic is triumphantly established. Iturbide is captured and shot.

South America. Bolivar is made dictator of Peru. The last Spanish forces in South America are overwhelmed by General Sucre at Ayacucho.

1825 America. No general convention is held this year; the Church appears to have been in general state of weakness and inactivity.

Cincinnati, O.--Formation of the Theosophic Society, by twelve members of the Cincinnati Society, for the purpose of studying and discussing the Doctrines. The members meet once a week for eight or ten years, and, in time, come to exercise a strong influence upon the Church in the West.M. n. s. v:395.

Rev. Nathaniel Holly begins to publish The Herald of Truth, a periodical issued twice a month, from March 17, 1825, to May 18, 1826.

(This periodical should not be confounded with The Herald of Truth, or Northern Repository, published at London, 1833)--M. n. s. viii: 144; Conv. R. 1826:17.

Danby, N. Y., October 16.--Rev. Lewis Beers dedicates the temple of the New Church society in this town.--Conv. R.1826:14.

New York City.--Dr. Hans B. Gram, one of the first homeopathic physicians in history, settles in New York, and introduces the practice of Homeopathy into America. He is an earnest New Churchman and a member of Mr. Doughtys society.Mess. 39:168; L. 1898:27.

Urbana, O.--The Doctrines are first introduced here by Mr. Thomas Gwynne, of Maryland.--Mess. 47:201.

France.--The manuscript translations of the Writings by M. Mot, are at this time being published at Brussels and Paris, at the expense of J. A. Tulk, Esq., who contributes 27,000 francs to this use.I. 1825:515.

Germany. Tübingen, September 24.--Dr. Immanuel Tafel is appointed professor at the University of Tübingen, on condition that he should refrain from publishing and propagating the Writings of Swedenborg. He endures this condition until March, 1829, laying, as he says, dead for three years and a half.--D. II:1333; I. 1863:565.

Great Britain. Birmingham, May 8.--Mr. Edward Madeley, Jr., is ordained into the ministry of the New Church by Rev. Joseph Proud.I. 1825:706.

Brightlingsea, September.--Rev. William Mason, having been ordained into the ministry of the New Church by Rev. Robert Hindmarsh, accepts the pastorate of the Brightlingsea Society.I. 1863:320; 1825:707.

Bristol. May.--Rev. D. G. Goyder resigns from the pastorate of the society in Bridewell Lane. The society now invites the Rev. Joseph Enoch to assume the pastorate, by which means the two societies in Bristol become once more united.--Goyders Autobiography, p. 181; Conf. R. 1825:48; M. L. 1895:167.

Dalton, August 21.--A new chapel, erected at the expense of Mr. George Senior, is dedicated here by Rev. Richard Jones. Mr. Senior and Mr. J. Parry officiate jointly as ministers of this society.I. 1825:707.

Derby, August 9-12.Eighteenth General Conference, Rev. R. Jones, president, and J. S. Hodson, secretary. Eight ministers and sixteen representatives are present. A resolution is adopted expediting the publication of the new Liturgy. The society at Newcastle now refusing to have their temple vested in the Conference trustees, the Conference resolves to inquire from Mrs. Norman,--at whose expense the temple had been chiefly erected,--whether the proceedings of the Newcastle society meet with her approbation. The publication of a second edition of the Conference Hymn Book is ordered. A new committee is appointed to consider the ordering of the ministry. The application of the Maguire street society of Liverpool, for the ordination of Mr. R. G. Sheldon, is refused on account of the divided state of the Church in Liverpool. It is resolved to remunerate the secretary of the Conference for his services. The address from the General Convention in America is received with lively satisfaction, and the president is directed to prepare an address in reply. A committee is appointed to prepare a New Church Spelling Book and Class Book. Rev. J. Robinson resigns from the treasurership, and Mr. W. Malins is appointed as his successor. It is resolved that the treasurer, henceforth, be chosen from the laity. Fifteen important rules of procedure are adopted, and made standing rules of the Conference.--Conv. R. 1825; R. P. 433.

August 14.Ordination of Mr. Jonathan Gilbert, of Leeds, by Rev. Manoah Sibly.I. 1825:707.

Dublin, July.--Rev. D. G. Goyder visits Dublin and preaches to the small society there. The visit, and his unfortunate experience of Irish hospitality are amusingly described in his Autobiography, p. 185.

Haslingden, May 8.--The public services of the New Church in this town are discontinued, and not opened again until 1839.--M. L. 1890:197.

London, January 23.--Formation of a New Church society at Curtain Road, Shoreditch. The society never reported to the Conference.--G. H., p. 67.

February 1.--Institution of the London Union Coffee Meeting, a select body of ladies and gentlemen, members of the New Church, who meet once a month for doctrinal and literary discussion.I. 1826:182; 1863:320.

June 20.--Sixteenth annual meeting of the Swedenborg Society, Mr. C. A. Tulk, chairman. The committee reports the publication of the first volume of a new edition of the Arcana Coelestia, besides other publications.--R. S. S. 16.

According to the report of Chas. Aug. Tulk, Esq., his friend, Samuel T. Coleridge, the poet and philosopher, offers to write a history of the mind of Swedenborg, provided the members of the Church in London will remunerate him to the extent of 200. Coleridge is at this time much affected by Tulks form of Swedenborgianism, though he afterwards denies ever having had any sympathy with the doctrines of Swedenborg.I. 1863:320.

Mr. Richard DeCharms, of Philadelphia, is now sojourning in London, studying the Theology of the New Church under Mr. Noble.--O. vi:250.

Manchester, November 2.--The members of the Peter Street Society present a silver cup to their pastor, Rev. Richard Jones, together with a portrait of himself, painted by Mr. R. R. Faulkner.--R. P. 436; L. M. 1826:22.

Russia.--John A. Tulk, Esq., reports that there has been a great call, in Moscow, for the French translations of the Writings, and that the emperor, in consequence, has forbidden the importations of these works.I. 1825:316.

NOTABLE ARTICLES.
The Quarterly Theological Review, No. 4 (a London magazine of the Established Church), in an article on Swedenborg, maintains that the latter personated the Holy Ghost, and covers him with the most extravagant calumnies and ridicule. The Committee of the Swedenborg Society immediately prepares a brief but pointed reply. The Review declines to insert it, but it is afterwards published in twelve different journals, newspapers and university magazines, and creates wide attention.--R. S. S. 17:11, 13.

PUBLICATIONS.
Swedenborg: Arcana Coelestia. Vol. I. London.--S. S. third English edition, revised by Samuel Noble, and published jointly by the S. S. and the M. P. S.12. S. S. 1825:5.

Himmelska Lnnligheter (Arcana Coelestia). Vol. II, part 5. Nos. 1634-1764. Stockholm. Deleen. First Swedish edition.--A. L.

On Heaven and Hell. Boston. Carter. Second American edition.--N. I:542. Sixth English edition; really the ninth; revised.--R. S. S. 1825:6; N. Y. L.

[Anonymous]: Consolation to Bereaved Parents. Philadelphia. T. S. Manning. 20 pp.--Cin. L.

Churchill, Rev. Thomas: Jesus Christ the true God and Eternal Life. London. 228 pp. Reviewed in I. 1826:44.

Clowes, Rev. John: Erklrung des Katechismus der Evangelische Kirche in England, fr die Jugend. Tübingen. 62 pp. Translated by Dr. Tafel.--B. M.

Letters to a Friend on the Human Soul, its Immateriality and Immortality. Leamington. Spa Press. 143 pp. Reviewed in I. 1825:613, 680.--A. L.

Regnbgen, eller Tecknet af Guds Frsamling. Gottenburg. 24 pp.R. L.

Sermons on the Beatitudes, and on several other important Subjects of Christian Life and Doctrine. Leamington. 451 pp. Reviewed in I. 1825:499.--A. L.

The Golden Wedding Ring, or Thoughts on Marriage. Manchester. Varey. 36 pp. The eleventh edition.--I. L.

Ettrick, Rev. W.: Answer to certain allegations contained in a Critique in the Intellectual Repository. 32 pp. Reviewed in I. 1826:59.

Langsdorf, J. W.: Christlicher Katechismus fr die Jugend. Tübingen. Schnhardt.--T. M. ii:145. A second edition was published in 1826.

[Liturgical]: Hymns for Sunday Schools, upon the Principles of the New Jerusalem Church, and Hymns for Children. London. Hodson. Reviewed in I. 1825:690.

Lundblad. Rev. Sven: Christna Religionens Hufvundlror (The principal Doctrines of the Christian Religion). Upsala. The author, professor of Theology at Upsala University, and the most noted Swedish Theologian of his day, was a disciple of Dean Knös, and a partial receiver of the Heavenly Doctrines, of which, in this work, he is said to hare presented a systematic compendium, yet without mentioning Swedenborgs name. The chancellor of justice proposed to institute proceedings against the author, but was prevented by the crown-prince, Oscar. The work was published in a second edition, at Stockholm, in 1826. A German edition, translated by Mohnike, was published at Stralsund, in 1830 The author died, as bishop of Skara, April 29, 1837.--Kahl. iv:130.

Noble, Rev. Samuel: The Plenary Inspiration of the Scriptures asserted, and the principles of their composition investigated. Six lectures. London. Simpkins. 731 pp. A monumental work; reviewed in I. 1825:506.--A. L.

[Periodical]: the Dawn of Light and Theological Inspector. London. Th. Goyder. 472 pp.

The Herald of Truth. Cincinnati. A bi-weekly, edited and published by Rev. Nathaniel Holley, from March, 1825, to May 18, 1826.--M. n. s. viii:144.

The Intellectual Repository for 1825, completing Vol. I of the new series. London. 556 pp.--A. L.

[Reports]: General Conference. Minutes for 1825. London. Hodson. 76 pp.--A. L.

Manchester and Salford Missionary Society of the New Jerusalem Church. Fifth Annual Report. Manchester. 48 pp.--U. L.

New Jerusalem Church Free School. London. Third report.--S. S. L.

Swedenborg Society. Report No. 16. London. Hodson. 20 pp.A. L.

Richer, Edward: Mes Penses Nantes. 327 pp.--A. L.

[Sandford, Rev.]: A Casket of Jewels, or, a Reply in Questions and Answers by a Layman or Trinitarian, to Andronicus, or Unitarian, being a clear Refutation of both their Doctrines on the Trinity. By a Lover of Divine Truth. St. Heliers. Jersey. The author was a Methodist Preacher, lately converted to the New Church.R. P. 440.

Sturtzenbecker, M.: Tankar om Menniskans Frihet, af Emanuel Swedenborg. (Thoughts on Freedom of Nan). Stockholm. Deleen. 18 pp. A series of extracts from Swedenborgs Writings, so isolated from their connection as to apparently favor Sturtzenbeckers predestinarian heresy.--Kahl. 4:11.--A. L.

Tybeck, Rev. Johan: Den Sanna Nyttan att lsa Gamla Testamentets Ord (The true use of reading the Word of the Old Testament). Stockholm. Deleen. 69 pp.--R. L.

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS.
America. Beginning of the administration of John Quincy Adams. Organization of the American Unitarian Association, at Boston. Death of Rev. John Henry Livingstone, the patriarch of the Dutch Reformed Church in America. Opening of the Erie Canal. New York is illuminated by gas.

France. The Emigres are granted an indemnity of one thousand million francs by the French government. Death of Saint Simon, the religio-socialistic philosopher and writer.

Germany. Maximilian I ascends the throne of Bavaria. Death of Richter (Jean Paul), the German philosopher and satirist.

Great Britain. Parliament abolishes the Catholic Association. Commercial treaties are made with Mexico and the South American republics. The first voyage by steam, from England to India, is accomplished. Publication of Pepys Diary, and Coleridges Aids to Reflection. Commercial panic in England (December).

Greece. Ibrahim Pasha, the ruler of Egypt, invades Morea and captures Navarino and Tripoliza.

Italy. Francis I succeeds his father, Ferdinand I, in Naples.

Russia. Death of Alexander I (December 1); he is succeeded by his brother, Nicholas I. A military insurrection breaks out in St. Petersburg, but is soon suppressed.

South America. Bolivar resigns his dictatorship in Peru. Bolivia becomes an independent republic. Portugal recognizes the independence of Brazil.

West Indies. The independence of Hayti is recognized by France.

1826. America. New York, June 1-3.Eighth General Convention. Mr. Hargrove, president, Mr. T. B. Hayward, secretary. Five ministers and seventeen delegates are present. A committee is appointed to take into consideration the subject of organizing this Convention, and also the several Churches and Societies of the New Jerusalem. in this country, into some form of Ecclesiastical Government. The Convention, on the following day, June 2 at the recommendation of this committee, adopts the following resolution: Resolved, That a candidate for ordination present himself before the Convention of Ministers and Delegates, with the requisite recommendations already prescribed, and there receive ordination:--unless it should be the particular desire of his own Society to have him ordained in their presence; in which latter case, the candidate shall present a certificate of approbation from the Convention, to any two ministers possessing ordaining powers, and then receive ordination at their hands.

The Convention, by this important resolution, takes into its own hands the original ordaining power and authority, which up to this time had been exercised by the local churches in Baltimore, Philadelphia and New York, the ordaining ministers remaining simply the instruments through which the Convention, as the source of authority, confers the ordination. This is, essentially, the order which has continued with the Convention until the present time (1899). The meeting grants ordination to Dr. Lemuel C. Belding and Mr. Eleazar Smith. Rev. Holland Weeks, on behalf of the committee appointed in 1824 to consider the communication from the Cincinnati Society, presents an able report, setting forth the Scriptural, Doctrinal, and rational reasons for the existence of a distinctive priesthood in the New Church, and for a trine of degrees within that priesthood. The report is read and laid on the table;

it is published in the Journal of the Convention for 1827.--Conv. R. 1826; Ex. 181-183; and N. IV:130, 132.

June 4.--Dr. Lemuel C. Belding, of Leraysville, Pa., and Mr. Eleazar Smith, of Bridgewater, Mass., are ordained, after the closing of the Convention, by the laying on of hands upon the candidates by Rev. Messrs. Hargrove, Beers, Carll, Roche, and Doughty.--Conv. R. 1826:7.

New Hartford, N. Y.--A small society is formed here under the leadership of Mr. George Bigelow.--Conv. R. 1827:22.

North Bridgewater, Mass.--A society begins to be formed in this town.ibid. p. 26.

Philadelphia.--Dr. Edwin Atlee, an eminent Quaker preacher and physician, resigns from the Society of Friends, and begins to preach the Doctrines of the New Church in the City Commissioners Hall.--Conf. R. 1826.

France. Ban-de-la-Roche, Alsace, May 8.--Death of Jean Frederic Oberlin, the famous philanthropist and ideal pastor, an open admirer of Swedenborgs works.--C. H. 118.

Paris.--M. Oegger, first vicar to the Cathedral of Paris, and confessor to the Queen of France, receives the Doctrines of the New Church through Captain Bernard. He soon afterwards relinquishes his offices and leaves the Catholic Church. There are at this time fourteen members of the society in Paris, and about sixty-six receivers in the whole of France.--M. 31:463; I. 1828:62.

Germany. Tübingen.--Dr. Tafel, in a letter to the Swedenborg Society, proposes to give up his professorship and devote himself entirely to the literary work of the New Church, provided an annual salary of 93 be guaranteed, the Doctor himself to defray the expenses of the publications out of this sum. The Swedenborg Society, from a sense of justice to Dr. Tafel, declines this proposition.--R. S. S. 17:17.

Great Britain. Birmingham, August 3.--Death of Rev. Joseph Proud, the first hymnologist and the most eloquent preacher and evangelist of the New Church in the early days. Born in 1745, he entered the Baptist ministry, but received the Heavenly Doctrines in a remarkable manner, while at Norwich, 1789.

(See annals, p. 148.) He now became minister to the new society at Norwich, but encountered much opposition and ill usage, was ordained into the ministry of the New Church, May 3, 1791, and in the same year became the first pastor of the Birmingham Society, where he preached with great success until 1797, when he removed to London, to take charge of the congregation in Cross St., Hatton Garden. Here he became one of the most popular preachers in the city, his eloquence and the striking, representative robes, etc., attracting enormous crowds. The congregations still increasing, the society removed to York St. in 1799, where, in a large and elegant chapel, he continued to preach for fourteen years, to an average attendance of one thousand hearers. Owing to financial and other complications, the society removed to a more obscure chapel in Lisle St., Leicester Square. Internal dissensions now arose in the congregation, and Mr. Proud returned to Birmingham, in 1814. Being now seventy years of age, and broken in strength, his ministrations proved less successful than formerly, and the society became almost extinct, but revived under the preaching of Rev. Edward Madeley, Jr., Mr. Prouds assistant Mr. Proud now devoted most of his strength to the missionary field, and preached with much success in various places, but retired from active work in 1822. An indefatigable writer, he published hundreds of tracts and sermons, composed the first hymnbook of the New Church, in 1790 (within a period of three months), became one of the editors of the Aurora, 1798-1800, contributed frequently to the (Intellectual Repository, and published his last and most valuable work, the Aged Ministers Last Legacy to the New Church, in 1818. As one of the most outspoken advocates of the distinctiveness of the New Church, he has been much attacked by the non-separatists, but is generally acknowledged as one of the great apostles of the New Church in Great Britain, zealous, ardent, poetical, industrious and sincere.I. 1826:347, 351; L. M. 1826:303. See also Madeleys Obituary Sermon, 1826.

Dublin, August and September.--The Rev. David Howarth lectures in the Rotunda to large and interested audiences.--R. P. 454; L. M. 1826:315.

Liverpool--Rev. D. G. Goyder, now settled as schoolmaster in Liverpool, succeeds in effecting a reunion of the two long separated societies. Mr. Goyder is invited to become the minister, but very prudently declines.Conf. R. 1826:68; L. M 1826:349.

London, January.--Publication of the New Jerusalem Magazine and Theological Inspector, a monthly journal of 32 pp., edited and published by Rev. Thomas Goyder.

May 22.--Fifth annual meeting of the Missionary and Tract Society.--I. 1826:256.

June 19.--Seventeenth annual meeting of the Swedenborg Society, Chas. A. Tulk, chairman. The committee reports the publication of the four Leading Doctrines, and an increased interest owing to the reply to the calumnies of the Quarterly Theological Review.--R. S. S. 17.

September 9.--Death of Mr. John Presland, a most zealous, active, and generous member of the New Church, one of the founders of the Swedenborg Society, a supporter of all the uses of the Church in London, and the special patron of the society in Brightlingsea, an honest, independent and benevolent man, of whom it is said that no private individual throughout the kingdom was more completely identified with the cause of the New Church.--R. S. S. 1827:12; I. 1826:351; L. M. 1826:319.

December 7.--Death of John Flaxman, the great sculptor, one of the most famous artists of the century. He became a member of the Theosophical Society in 1784, was a member of Mr. Prouds society in Cross street, and, until his death, a zealous member and contributor to the Swedenborg Society. The mind of John Flaxman was earnest, enthusiastic, and highly poetic; his temper serene; his affections warm and benevolent; and his whole character shone with the angelic light of pure disinterestedness and cheerful piety. Religion was not with him a thing set apart for occasional use, regarded only for the sake of the worlds opinions, or because the world has lost its attractions;

[Photo of John Flaxman.]

it was the vivifying principle of his existence; it guided every feeling, was blended with every thought, and passed into every action. In this dishonest, hypocritical world, a simple-minded, sincere man must necessarily be considered very peculiar; and John Flaxman was so regarded. He was a receiver of the Doctrines of the New Jerusalem,--a humble believer that the revelations of Emanuel Swedenborg were graciously provided by the Lord, for the restoration of a true faith and church in the world. (From the writings of Allan Cunningham and Lydia M. Child, in W. N. 1855, pp. 4, 5; see also D. II:1200; R. S. S. 1827:13, 14; I. 1827:434; L. M. 1827:31.

December 17.--Rev. John Harbin, formerly a Methodist minister, is received into the membership of the New Church. He becomes the minister of the society in Salisbury.--L. M. 1827:30.

Manchester, August 8-12.Nineteenth General Conference, Rev. Richard Jones, president, J. S. Hodson, secretary; seven ministers and twenty-one representatives are present. The Conference is much occupied with the complications resulting from the refusal of Rev. James Bradley and the Newcastle society to fulfill their engagement with the Conference in regard, to the vesting of the temple in that city.--Conf. R. 1826; R. P. 447.

Death of Rev. Francis Marcellus Hodson, an enthusiastic and eloquent laborer in the New Church. He was one of the earliest separatists in Manchester, and preached to the Peter street society, alternately with Rev. Richard Jones, until the year 1800. He subsequently preached to the various little centres in Lancashire, established an independent society at Ancoats Road in Manchester, 1820, and finally became the pastor of the society in Hull, where he became very popular with the seafaring population.

He was a hymnologist of great ability, a lively and warm-hearted man, and a clear, systematic and brilliant expounder of the internal sense of the Word. One of his daughters married the Rev. Jonathan Bayley.--Mess. Vol. 47, p. 165; Bayleys New Church Worthies, p. 60.

Nantwich, October 15.--Death of Mr. Joseph Whittingham Salmon, aged 79 years; originally a Methodist preacher, he was introduced to the Heavenly Doctrines by the Rev. Joseph Fletcher, the celebrated vicar of Madeley, in 1785. Filled with apostolic zeal and accompanied by the Rev. Ralph Mather, he immediately began to proclaim the Doctrines as a street preacher in numerous towns in England, but after a few years becoming convinced of the disorderly character of his proceedings, he became a non-separatist and co-worker with John Clowes, and henceforth confined his activity to the literary field of the Church.--I. 1827:430.

Newcastle, July 9.--Rev. James Bradley resigns from the pastorate, owing to his troubles with the Conference and a part of the society. He is succeeded by Mr. E. R. Rendell.--I. 1826:260; G. H. 89.

Russia.--General Alexander Mouravieff, the most prominent and active New Churchman in Russia, is banished to Siberia on account of his too outspoken advocacy of the abolition of serfdom. He is recalled and restored to imperial favor in 1835.I. 1867:5.

NOTABLE ARTICLES.
Intellectual Repository, 1826.
On the causes which prevent the effect of pulpit exercises in the New Church, p. 34, a severe criticism of the general style of the New Church preaching (from a non-separatist point of view).

New Jerusalem Magazine, London, vol. i.

Memoir of Rev. Manoah Sibly, p. 1.

On Modern Hebrew Literature, p. 65.

On the use of the term Incarnate God, an important controversy between *** (= Chas. Aug. Tulk) and Ignoramus (= A. Le Cras) on the one side and Wou l-be-right and Xanthus on the other side. Mr. Tulk attacks the use of this term, as necessarily involving the worship of the material or maternal human, but is secretly laboring to prepare the way for his gnostical doctrines that the Lord was never actually in the Flesh.

This forms the beginning of the (first) great Tulkite controversy.--pp. 82, 171, 244, 302, 358.

PUBLICATIONS.
Swedenborg: nglavisheten om den Gudomliga Frsynen (Divine Providence). Two parts, 1826, 1827. Stockholm. Deleen. First Swedish edition.--R. L.

An Hieroglyphic Key. London Th. Goyder. 59 pp.I. 1825. 708.--B. L. Second English edition.R. L.

Himmelska Lnnligheter Vol. II; parts 6-8; Nos. 1767-2134. Stockholm. Deleen. First Swedish edition.--A. L.

Ludus Heliconius. Stockholm. Deleen. Second Latin edition.--D. II:887.--A. L.

On the Intercourse between the Soul and the Body. London.--S. S. Fifth English edition; really the seventh.--R. S. S. 1827:6.

On the New Jerusalem and its Heavenly Doctrine. London.--S. S. Ninth English edition.--S. S. L.

On the White Horse in the Apocalypse. London.--S. S. Third English edition, published as appendix to the Doctrine of the Sacred Scripture.--R. S. S. 1825:4.

The Doctrine of the New Jerusalem concerning the Sacred Scripture. London.--S. S. Sixth English edition, carefully revised; bound in one volume, entitled The Four Leading Doctrines, together with the latest editions of the Doctrines of the Lord, Life, and Faith, with a new translation of Sandels Eulogium as preface.--R. S. S. 1826:4.

[Anonymous]: Essays on the Universal Analogy between the natural and spiritual worlds. By the author of Memoirs of a deist. 320 pp. Reviewed in I. 1826:236.

Beyer, Rev. G. A.: Nya Frsk till upbygglig Frklaring fver Evangeliska Snoch Hgtidsdags Texterna, i afsigt pa en Hand-Postilla (Beyers Sermon-Essays).

Stockholm. Deleen. 2 parts. The second, improved edition.Sundelin. 61.--B. M.

Clowes, Rev. John: A few plain answers to the question, Why do you receive the testimony of Baron Swedenborg? Watertown, Jefferson Co., N. Y. Published by Mr. W. B. Copley.M. 20:168.

Einige Schlichte Antworten auf die Frage: Warum nimmst Du das Zeugniss Swedenborgs an?
Tübingen. 61 pp. Translated from the English by Professor Im. Tafel.--A. L.

Family Prayers. Leamington. 66 pp. Reviewed in I 1826:248; L. M. 1826:151.

Letters on the Human Body. Warwick. W. Rose. 202 pp. Reviewed in L. M. 1827:11; I. 1827:404--A. L.

Pastorns Nyarsgafva till sina Yngre Ahorare. Gottenburg.--R. L. Translated from the English.

The Gospel according to Mark, translated from the original Greek and illustrated by extracts from the Theological Writings of Emanuel Swedenborg. Manchester. 340 pp. Reviewed in I. 1827:408.--A. L.

Ettrick, Rev. W.: a Reply to the Third Critique in the Intellectual Repository.Reviewed in I. 1826:335.

[Juvenile]: A Catechism for the use of the New Jerusalem Church, with proofs of the Doctrine from the Sacred Scripture. Bedford, Pa. C. McDowell. 16 pp. Second edition; the first was published in 1806.--M. 4:360.--A. L.

Short Dialogues for the Instruction of Young People. Philadelphia. T. S. Manning. 24 pp.U. L.

Kjellberg, Jonas: Nagot om Swedenborgianismen, till warning for mindre enfarne bland de till Zion wandrande. (Information respecting Swedenborgianism, intended as a warning for the less experienced among the wanderers of Zion).

Gottenburg. S. Norberg. 71 pp. An attack on the New Church, directed especially against Tybeck.--R. L.

Langsdorf, J. W.: Christlicher Katechismus. Tübingen. 2d edition.--T. M. II:145.

[Liturgical]: Hymns for the Use of the New Church, etc. Cincinnati. Looker & Reynolds. 434 pp.Cin. L.

Madeley, Rev. Edward, Jr.: A sermon occasioned by the Decease of the Rev. Joseph Proud. London. Hodson. 38 pp. Reviewed in I. 1826:333--A. L.

Noble, Rev. Samuel: an Appeal in behalf of the views of the eternal world and state, and the Doctrines of faith and life held by the body of Christians who believe that a New Church is signified by the New Jerusalem. Including answers to Rev. G. Beaumonts Anti-Swedenborg. London. Hodson. 566 pp. This is one of the best known and most powerful evangelistic works ever published by the New Church. It is reviewed in I. 1826:322.--A. L.

Paterson, George Murray, M. D.: Sacred Lemmas, or Analyses of Scriptures, Historical, Prophetical, and Evangelical according to the science of analogies. Calcutta. S. Smith. 86 pp. The author, a New Churchman, signs himself Surgeon H. E. I. C. Bengal Med. Establ.--S. S. L.

[Periodical]: The Intellectual Repository for 1826, constituting Vol. II. of New Series, together with issues for 1827.--A. L.

The New Jerusalem Magazine and Theological Inspector. Vol. I. London. Th. Goyder. 376. A monthly magazine, edited, printed, and published by Rev. Th. Goyder, with the financial aid of Ch. A. Tulk, Esq., as a sequel to The Dawn of Light.--A. L.

Reed, Sampson: Observants on the Growth of the Mind. Boston. Cummings and Hilliard. 44 pp. A standard New Church work of enduring value. It has been republished in numerous editions.--B. L.

[Reports]: General Conference. Minutes for 1826. London. Hodson. 80 pp.--A. L.

General Convention. Journals for 1824 and 1826. 24 pp.A. L.

Swedenborg Society. Report No. 17. London. Hodson. 24 pp.A. L.

Roche, Rev. M. B.: Sermons illustrative of several important principles of the New Jerusalem Church. Designed chiefly for the use of its ministers. Philadelphia. Manning. 116 pp.--A. L.

Sandels, Samuel: An account of Emanuel Swedenborg, as contained in a Eulogium to his memory. London. Hodson. 50 pp. The first complete English edition.--Cin. L.

Tybeck, Rev. Johan: Anforande till Standes Kamnars-Ratt. Stockholm. Marquard. 32 pp.--N. K. B.

Jemnforelse imellan det symboliska systemet och det rent Bibliska. Stockholm. Marquard. 88 pp.

Predikan pa Pingest Dagen. Stockholm. Marquard. 28 pp.

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS.
America. Death of Thomas Jefferson (July 4), and of John Adams (also July 4), ex-presidents of the United States. Death of Rev. James OKelly, the pioneer of Methodism in the Southern States, and founder of the (non-Episcopal) sect of Republican Methodists.

Germany. Rise of the Tübingen School of Theology, a rationalistic, pantheistic development of German Protestantism, led by Prof. Ferd. C. Baur. Death of Karl von Weber, the composer.

Great Britain. Foundation of the University of London. End of the first war with Burmah; the British acquire Assam and other territories. Greece. Fall of Missolonghi. The Turks occupy Athens and besiege the Acropolis.

Portugal. Death of John VI. His oldest son, Pedro I., emperor of Brazil, resigns the Portuguese crown in favor of his young daughter, Maria II. da Gloria. Dom Miguel, the younger son of John VI., foments a revolution in Portugal, and usurps the power. The English intervene, but ineffectually.

Russia. Outbreak of war between Russia and Persia.

South America. War breaks out between Brazil and Buenos Ayres. The last Spanish forces evacuate Callao.

Turkey. Sultan Mahmoud II. causes the massacre of the rebellious Janitzaries; the corps is abolished.

1827. America. Maine, Bath.--The receivers of the Doctrines continue in nominal connection with the Old Church, but have to hold separate reading meetings, and are looking forward to complete separation from their former connections.--Conv. R. 1827:27.

Maryland, Baltimore, June 7-9.--Ninth General Convention, Mr. Hargrove, president, Richard DeCharms, secretary. A committee is appointed to consider the propriety of establishing a more orderly form of ecclesiastical government, and particularly as relates to the ministry. This committee, at the same convention, presents a report (written by Jon. Condy, Esq.), clearly recognizing that a trine ought to exist in the ministry, and that, should an episcopal mode of government be established, the office of ordination could with propriety be performed only by a bishop. External circumstances, however, forbidding the appointment of a bishop, the committee is of the opinion that the time has not arrived for the establishment of such a form of government, and each society is recommended to regulate itself by what may appear to be expedient, leaving for the future the adoption of such measures as may become requisite for the general benefit and good order of the Church.

The Convention expresses its concurrence in the views of the above reports, being contented, for the present, with the order now subsisting in the Church, inasmuch, for all necessary purposes, a threefold principle has been recognized, and does in fact exist in the ministry, * * * in the establishment of the several ecclesiastical offices of licentiates, priests, and ordaining ministers. The members of the church are, however, invited to continue the free discussion of the subject, for the serious consideration of their brethren at large, and the more deliberate investigation of the next Convention. A complete list of the six ordaining ministers, the seven priests and teaching ministers, and the eleven licentiates, connected with the Convention, is published in the journal of this meeting, together with an appendix, containing Standing Recommendations, and a list of places containing societies or receivers.--Conv. R. 1827; Ex. 184-200; N. iv:131.

Massachusetts, Boston, September.--Publication of the first number of the New Jerusalem Magazine.--Conv. R. 1826:6.

The centre of New Church activity in America is at this time changing from Philadelphia to Boston.--M. n. s. viii:215.

Bridgewater.--The society here is rapidly growing, under the care of Rev. Eleazar Smith, who is also preaching in the neighboring towns of Taunton, Abington, and North Bridgewater. A society is organized in the latter place during the year.--Conv. R. 1827:25, 26.

New York, Riverhead and Baiting Hollow, Long Island.--Rev. M. M. Carll ministers with much success to the societies in these villages; eleven members are baptized during the year.--Conv. R. 1827:23.

Ohio, Bethlehem, August.--Death of Jonathan W. Condy, Esq., the real founder, and, for many years, the leading mind of the Church in Philadelphia and of the General Convention Horn in Philadelphia, of a Huguenot family related to the princely house of Cond, he graduated at the University of Pennsylvania, became one of the most eminent lawyers in Philadelphia, and served with distinction as Clerk to the House of Representatives in Congress during and after the era of the Revolution. He received the Doctrines of the New Church in 1797, and became a most profound student of these Doctrines. A man of great genius and upright fearless character, original, acute, bold, active and eloquent, it is said of him, that a more powerful, brilliant, or commanding intellect never served the visible body of our Church in this country, or perhaps in any other. He was offered the office of first pastor to the Philadelphia Society, but declined on account of diffidence. The New Jerusalem Church Repository, and his brilliant defense of the New Church against the attacks of Rev. Jackson Kemper are eloquent memorials of his genius and devotion. He was also one of the most learned Hebraists in this country. As the theological instructor of Rev. Richard DeCharms, he is the forerunner of the Academy movement. He died in Ohio, soon after the meeting of the Convention, while on a visit to a settlement which he had formed at Bethlehem in that State.Ex. 110-118; B. Mag. I:31; Mess. vol. 32:72.

Pennsylvania, Haddington (Delaware Co.).--Rev. M. B. Roche is preaching with great success in this village. A society is being formed.--Conv. R. 1827:20.

Philadelphia.--Dr. Edwin Atlee is at this time engaged in translating the Principia and Beyers Index to the Writings.--M. I:260.

The First New Jerusalem Society, after a period of utter exhaustion, is now slowly reviving; public services are opened by Mr. Carll in his school-room, and the membership grows within a year to sixty or seventy from a remnant of six or seven of the original members.--Conv. R. 1827:19.

Germany. Giessen, February 5.--Death of Herr Johann W. Langsdorf, aged 84 years, privy councilor and court director of Hesse-Darmstadt, a receiver of the Doctrines since 1782, and author of a New Church Catechism for children. He corresponded with the Swedenborg Society and Dr. Tafel.-- T. M. ii:157.

Great Britain. Accrington.--The society now numbers twenty-one members, with a Sunday School of one hundred children. The pulpit is filled by Rev. Thomas Pilkington and other visiting ministers.--Conf. R. 1827.

Boston, June 26.--Death of Mr. Samuel Crompton, aged 74 years, the famous inventor of the spinning mule. He was a cordial receiver of the Heavenly Doctrines, to which he was introduced in 1787, and was one of the founders or the society in Bolton. It is interesting to note that the present, enormous manufacture of cotton material owes its stupendous growth during the century largely to the inventions of three humble New Churchmen, Hargreaves, of Blackburn, who invented the spinning jenny, Highs, of Leigh, who constructed the water-frame, and Crompton, who in his invention combined the excellencies of the other two.I. 1827:685; 1872:294; Mess. vol. 47:81; Bayleys New Church Worthies, p. 11.

Bristol.--The society becomes extinct during the year. No reports are henceforth sent to the Conference, and no records are kept of any meetings until 1845.--M. L. 1895:167.

Derby, November 27.--Death of Rev. Edward Madeley, Sr., aged 50 years. Born at Yoxall in Staffordshire, he received the Heavenly Doctrines in 1804 through Mr. Thomas, Dawes, removed to Derby in 1809, and immediately opened a Sunday-school, first at his own house and afterwards in his tape factory. Gradually the parents began to attend the services, and thus in time, a flourishing society was built up. Mr. Madeley was ordained into the New Church ministry, 1818. He was a simple, gentle, and intensely affectionate man, with an extra-ordinary love of preaching. He literally preached himself to death. His son, Edward Madeley, Jr., was the successor of Mr. Proud in Birmingham.--R. P. 472; L. M. 1828:26.

Leeds, May 4.--The society removes from its quarters in Noahs Ark to the new chapel on Byron street, which is consecrated by Rev. Thomas Goyder.--M. L. 1885:56; I. 1827:609.

London, June 19.--Eighteenth annual meeting of the Swedenborg Society, Dr. Spurgin, chairman. The committee reports, among other things, the beginning of a library of the society; a complete collection of Swedenborgs scientific and theological works in the original editions has been received by bequest from the late Stephen Holder, Esq.--R. S. S. 18.

July 22.--A small chapel of the New Church is opened in Curtain Road, near Shoreditch. The society worshiping here was organized on January 23, 1825, by Mr. John Cayford and a few other persons, former members of the society in Friars street.--R. P. 458.

August 14-18.--The Twentieth General Conference is held in the chapel in Cross street, R. Hindmarsh, president, J. S. Hodson, secretary. The Conference resolves to remove the name of Rev. James Bradley from the list of ministers, in view of his having broken his engagements with the Conference in regard to the Newcastle Trust, and on account of certain articles published by him in the London Magazine, which are interpreted as insulting to the Conference. (The whole affair was extremely complicated, and based entirely on personal misunderstandings. Mr. Bradleys name was restored in 1833.)

Rev. Samuel Noble is declared an ordaining minister. The ordination of Mr. W. Bruce, of Edinburgh, is authorized. The rules for regulating the ministry, adopted by the conference of 1822, are rescinded, and new regulations are adopted. Henceforth no person can be eligible to the ministry, unless invited to become a candidate by not fewer than three-fourths of the adult members of some New Church Society. The candidate must produce a certificate of exemplary life and character, must be at least twenty-four years of age, must have been baptized into the New Church, have been a known receiver of the Doctrines for no lee than three years, and have exercised his talents as a preacher for the space of one year, at least. It is resolved that on future revisals of the list or ordaining and ordained ministers, the president shall ask the members of Conference, immediately after reading the name, whether there be any complaint against such minister? But no name shall be omitted, without giving the party opportunity for explanation, unless where the cause of the complaint is matter of public notoriety.--Conf. R. 1827; R. P. 458.

August 16.--A great social meeting is held during the conference. Mr. W. Malins, a zealous member of the church in London, on this occasion reads a lengthy paper in which he unexpectedly proposes the establishment of an institution for general New Church education. The proposition excites great enthusiasm. A second meeting is held on September 19, and steps are taken to secure for the proposed school a beautiful and convenient property, eight miles from London.I. 1827:684; R. P. 464.

A committee of all the ministers, together with six laymen, having been appointed by the Conference, to bring the long-expected new liturgy to a speedy completion, remains in London after the Conference, and finishes its work after a week of severe labor.--R. P. 459.

December 30.--Re-consecration of the temple in Cross street, Hatton Garden. This building was originally erected for the New Church in 1796, and was occupied by Mr. Prouds congregation until 1799.

It was afterwards purchased for the use of the Scottish Presbyterians, and was for many years occupied by the celebrated and eccentric Rev. Edward Irving, the founder of the Catholic Apostolic Church. Mr. Irving having been excommunicated from the Kirk, the building is sold for 4,000 to Mr. Nobles society, which now removes from Hanover street to Cross street, and thus once more comes into possession of its original and elegant quarters.I. 1873:239; R. P. 461.

Manchester, June 25.Opening of Manchester and Salford New Jerusalem Church Free Schools, under the auspices of the New Church in Manchester. This school after a time becomes greatly celebrated on account of its excellent work in secular education, receives Government support, emancipates itself from all New Church influences and becomes a prominent public school.I. 1857:127: M. L. 1891:355; R. P. 475.

Sheffield.--The society in this city, organized in 1816, becomes extinct at this time.

St. Heliers, Jersey.--The New Church society is again exposed to mob-persecutions, with the secret connivance of the police. The attacks are finally stopped through the influence of Captain Gomm, R. N. with the prejudiced authorities.I. M. 1827:317.

Sweden. Skara.--Professor Lundblad, of Upsala, becomes Bishop of Skara, and, being himself favorable to the Heavenly Doctrines, he extends protection to the Swedenborgians among the Clergy of his diocese.I. 1832:443.

Stockholm.--A correspondent of Dr. Tafels states that a mournful calm has arisen in respect to the New Church in Sweden. The Rev. Olof Wallin, Pastor of the Cathedral church, and afterwards Archbishop of Sweden, is described as preaching and writing C(completely in the spirit of the New Church.Ibid.

Respecting Professor Knös, of Upsala, and his literary activity, see R. S. S. 1828: 15, and 1865:7.

NOTABLE ARTICLES.
Intellectual Repository, 1827.

The New Church Canon of Scripture, as far as regards the Old Testament, advocated by the Eclectic Review, an able paper, by Sam. Noble, pp. 364, 467.

Errors corrected in the translation of important passages of Scripture, pp. 531, 552.

Translation of Swedenborgs Introduction to Rational Psychology, pp. 18, 106, 199, 315.

Translation of the preface to the Economy of the Animal Kingdom, p. 615.

Exposure of the literary fraud of Chas. Augustus Tulk, who, under the anonymous name of Mr. Collins, attempts to deceive the editor of the Intellectual Repository. This marks the beginning of the great controversy between Tulk and the Repository, p. 613: see also 1828:196.

New Jerusalem Magazine, London, 1827.

The late Dr. Watts an undoubted member of the New Jerusalem Church, (a very remarkable case), p. 105.

Case of Rev. James Bradley, a series of articles in which this minister ventilates his grievances against the General Conference in regard to the chapel in Newcastle, 52. 86, 122, 150, 183.

On the phrase Incarnate God, a continuation of the controversy between Chas. A. Tulk and his opponents, who here uncover the secret sources of Tulks heresy, viz., Berkeley, Kant and Spinoza, pp. 37, 45, 79. The editors give a summary of the controversy, p. 134.

New Jerusalem Magazine, Boston, 1927.

Life of Emanuel Swedenborg, by Nathaniel Hobart, pp. 225, 257, etc.

PUBLICATIONS.
Swedenborg: Den Uppenbarade Uppenbarelsboken (Apocalypse Revealed). Vol. I. Jnkping. First Swedish edition; translated by Deleen, and published by the Society Pro Fide et Charitate.--R. L.

Det Nya Jerusalems Lara om Troni (Doctrine of Faith). Stockholm. Deleen. 36 pp. Second Swedish edition.--R. L.

Himmelska Lonnligheter. Vol. III; parts 1 and 2; Nos. 2135-2994. Stockholm. Deleen.--A. L.

Index to the Apocalypse Explained. London.--S. S. Compiled and edited by John A. Tulk, Esq.--R. S. S. 1827:6.--S. S. L.

[Anonymous]: A Brief Account of the Life of Emanuel Swedenborg. Cincinnati. Reynolds. 72 pp. Republished from the New Jerusalem Magazine of 1790--A L.

A Plain Statement of what is taught in the Church signified by the New Jerusalem, as taken from the Writings of Emanuel Swedenborg.

Edinburgh. 114 pp. Reviewed in I. 1827:605.--A. L.

[Butter, Henry]: A Reading and Spelling Book for the use of the Sunday and Day Schools of the New Church. London. Hodson. 108 pp. Drawn up by direction of the General Conference. It was not well received in the New Church, as it contained nothing distinctive of its principles, but the work was republished under the title Gradations in Reading and Spelling and gained great popularity in the world at large. It has been reviewed in I. 1828:141; R. P. 471.--Cin. L.

Gorres, Professor F.: Emanuel Swedenborg: seine Visionen, und sein Verhaltniss zur Kirche (Swedenborg, his visions and his relation to the Church). Strassburg.I. 1863:221.

Goyder, Rev. D. G.: A concise History of the New Jerusalem Church; with a critical account of her defenders; an abstract of her Doctrines; together with a biographical sketch of the life of her acknowledged Apostle, the Hon. Emanuel Swedenborg. London. Th. Goyder. 176 pp. A very lively little work, full of original information, inaccuracies, and interesting gossip.--A. L.

Harbin, Rev. John: On the Existence of Genuine and Apparent Truths in the Letter of the Word. London. Th. Goyder. 26 pp.--A. L.

Knös, Professor Gustaf: Forsok att utreda nagra wigtiga Fragor: ett tillagg till skriften Samtal med mig sjelf (An attempt to elucidate some important questions: a sequel to the work Conversations with myself). Upsala. Palmblad. 454 pp. The authors first work had been attacked by Professor Rogberg, of Upsala, in the journal Swea for 1826, and its Swedenborgian tendencies exposed. Professor Knös now openly acknowledges his indebtedness to Swedenborg, but attempts to explain the agreement between the Heavenly Doctrines and the Augsburg Confession when both are rightly understood. Kahl 4:123.--A. L.

Samtal med mig sjelf om Verlden, menniskan, och Gud. Upsala. Palmblad. 288 pp. The second edition.A. L.

[Liturgical]: The Liturgy of the New Church signified by the New Jerusalem in the Revelation. Prepared by order of the General Conference. London. Reviewed in I. 1828:128.

Oberg, Rev. H.: Strodda anmarkningar ofver den nya Laran och den Gamla, egentligen foranledde of Tybecks Skrifter (Observations on the New Doctrine, and on the Old, occasioned especially by the writings of Tybeck). Stockholm. Nordstrm. 343 pp. A bitter and systematic attack on the Heavenly Doctrines.--A. L.

[Periodical]: Christian Neighbor. No. 1. Gloucester, Mass. November 7. 1827 4 pp. This weekly, of which only one number seems to have been published, was edited by Mr. Samuel Worcester. It is described in M. n. s. VIII:227.

The Annunciator, or a brief statement of some of the most essential and leading Doctrines of the New Church. To be published occasionally. No. 1. London [?]. Mentioned in L. M. 1827:192.

The Intellectual Repository, together with issues for 1826, completing Vol. II. of the New Series. London. Hodson. 692 pp.--A. L

The New Jerusalem Magazine. Vol. I. Boston. Adonis Howard. $2.50 per annum. A thirty-two page monthly, published at the expense of ten members of the Boston Society, and edited at first by Mr. Thomas Worcester, who, after six months, resigned the editorship to Mr. Caleb Reed. Mr. Worcester retained a supervising control until 1832, When Mr. Reed became the sole responsible editor, continuing in this office until 1854. The history of this well known journal is given in M. n. s. VIII:216.

The New Jerusalem Magazine and Theological Inspector. Vol. II. London. Th. Goyder. 378 pp.--A. L.

The Novitates Preceptor, or religious and literary register for the New Church. Vol. I. London. Hodson. S. S. L.

Reed, Sampson: Observations on the Growth of the Mind. London. Th. Goyder. 49 pp. Reprinted from the American edition.--A. L.

[Reports]: General Conference. Minutes for 1827. London. Hodson. 72 pp.--A. L.

General Convention. Journal for 1827. 32 pp.--A L.

Missionary and Tract Society. Sixth Annual Report. London. Hodson. 38 pp.--A. L.

Report of Proceedings, having for their object the formation of a general educational establishment for the children of the members of the New Jerusalem Church, with a Plan of the Institution. London. Hodson. 38 pp.--B. L.

Swedenborg Society. Report No. 18. London. Hodson. 24 pp.--A. L.

Sturtzenbecker, M.: Tankar om Syndafallet Stockholm.

Tybeck, Rev. Johan: Forstatt Rattegangs-handling. Stockholm. Marquard. 18 pp.--A. L.

Predikan pa Fjerde Sondagen efter Trinitatis. Stockholm. 20 pp.--R. L.

Predikan pa Femte Sondagen efter Trinitatis. Stockholm. 23 pp.--R. L.

Predikan pa Fjortonde Sondagen efter Trinitatis. Stockholm. 23 pp.--R. L.

Predikan pa Midsommardagen. Stockholm. 40 pp.--R. L.

Walter, Samuel: Dialogues on the Lords Prayer and on the Fifth Commandment. Philadelphia. Manning. 16 pp.--Cin. L.

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS.
America. A great division among the Quakers is caused by the Arian teachings of Elias Hicks. Organization of the sect of Disciples of Christ, or Church of Christ (also known as Campbellites), by Rev. Alexander Campbell, formerly a Baptist clergyman. Joseph Smith discovers (!) the Book of Mormon, near Manchester, N. Y.

France. Death of Laplace, the great astronomer and natural philosopher. Charles X. dissolves the National Guard and the Chamber of Deputies.

Germany. Death of Beethoven, the composer, and of Frederick Augustus I., king of Saxony.

Great Britain. Fall of the Liverpool ministry. Canning becomes prime-minister, but dies in the same year and is succeeded by Goderich. Death of Blake, the poet.

Greece. The patriots are almost crushed by the Turks, but Greece is saved by the intervention of Great Britain, France, and Russia. The allied fleets of the Powers destroy the Turkish navy at Navarino.

Switzerland. Death of Pestalozzi, the father of modem Pedagogy.

1828. America. Maine, Gardiner.--The few receivers in this town begin to assemble for private worship on Sunday evenings.--Conv. R. 1828:5; 1829:4.

Portland.--The circle here now consists of twelve members, who meet on Sunday evenings.--Conv. R. 1828:5.

Massachusetts, Boston, August 14-16.Tenth General Convention (the first held in New England), Rev. M. M.Carll, president, Mr. Hayward, secretary. Resolutions are passed conferring upon Rev. Adam Hurdees, of Cincinnati, by a written certificate, the power of ordaining other ministers, and authorizing Mr. Carll to ordain Rev. Thomas Worcester as pastor over the Boston Society and into the class of ordaining ministers. This ordination accordingly took place on August 17.) No other business of general importance is transacted, the meeting being largely of a social character.--Conv. R. 1828; Ex. 205-211; see also Conv. R. 1842:420; M. 2:31; N. iv:131.

East Bridgewater.--There is a circle of eight or ten receivers here, and another, of six or eight members, at West Bridgewater.--Conv. R. 1828:6.

New Jersey, Newark.--A society of twelve receivers is formed during this year.Ibid. p. 8.

Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.--The society in South Philadelphia adopts the name of The Second New Jerusalem Church of Philadelphia. The numbers are still increasing; the pastor, Rev. M. B. Roche, undertakes an evangelistic tour to Cincinnati.--Conv. R. 1828:8.

Rev. Thomas Seddon ministers to the Frankford society in place of Rev. I. C. Worrell, who has removed to Jenkintown, where he takes charge of a small circle of new receivers.Ibid.

Ohio, Cincinnati.--This society, in a letter to the Convention, virtually repudiates the radical sentiments expressed, on its behalf by Daniel Roe, in the communication of 1824; the reply to the latter, written for the Convention by Rev. Holland Weeks, is satisfactory to the Cincinnati society.--Conv. R. 1828:10.

France. Paris, February 23.--Death of Captain Jean Jacques Bernard, the first eminent apostle of the New Church in France, a man of sublime character, great learning, and indefatigable zeal for the Truth. Born near Nantes, 1791, he entered the imperial army, as lieutenant, 1809, took part in the ill-fated expedition to Russia, 1812, was wounded at Leipzig, 1813, and was made a member of the Legion of Honor. While stationed at Bordeaux, in 1820, he accidentally came across the Writings of Swedenborg, received the Doctrines with the utmost enthusiasm, and at once began his successful evangelistic activity, chiefly among his brother officers, of whom quite a number became steadfast receivers. At first somewhat affected by Animal Magnetism and Spiritualism, he soon recognized the dangerous and disorderly character of all forms of magic, and became a loyal and profound student of the Heavenly Doctrines. Accompanying his regiment, he worked for the New Church wherever he was stationed, introducing the Doctrines to many prominent persons, such as Edouard Richer and Madame de St. Amour, of Nantes, Oegger and Saint Martin, of Paris, General Count de Bissy and Professor Genisset, of Besanon, and many others. Though hated, alike by the Jesuits and Calvinists, he was protected from persecution by the respect and affection of his comrades in the army. For a long time suffering from consumption, he died at the age of thirty-seven years.--M. 31:463; Mrs. Ehrenborgs Letters from France, Vol. I, p. 106.

Germany. Rostock.--Death of Charles Frederick Nordenskjld, charge d affairs for Sweden at Mecklenburg-Schwerin, brother of Augustus Nordenskjld, and president of the Exegetic-Philanthropic Society in Stockholm (see 1787-1791). A profound student of the Doctrines and one of the most important of the earlier champions of the New Church.--D. I:622.

Great Britain. Birmingham, August 12-16.

Twenty-first General Conference, Rev. David Howarth, president, J. S. Hodson, secretary. Seven ministers and thirteen representatives are present. The new Liturgy, as finally completed, is received and approved. The Conference resolves that it is inexpedient to proceed further with the business of ordering the ministry. A code of laws for the New Church, having been agreed upon, the same is recommended for adoption by all societies in the Church, subject to the necessary alterations demanded by the peculiar circumstances of each society. Blanks, for the registry of baptisms, are furnished to all societies. It is resolved that no person, whose name is omitted from the list of ministers recognized by the Conference, can with propriety be permitted to exercise the functions of the ministry in any society of the New Church in connection with the Conference. (This resolution is directed especially against the Rev. J. Bradley.) The application of the Newcastle Society, for the ordination Mr. E. D. Rendell, is declined, but the ordination of Mr. William Bruce, of Edinburgh, is authorized.--Conf. R. 1828; R. P. 479; L. M; 1828:299; D. G. Goyders Autobiography, p. 207.

August 14.The Rev. Samuel Noble is consecrated an ordaining minister by Rev. Richard Jones. This is the first instance of a service of Consecration in the history of the New Church.--Conf: R. 1828:8; R. P. 481; L. M. 1828:299.

London, February 4.--Opening of the New Church educational institute at Woodford, near London, under the management of Mr. W. Malins.I. 1828:146; R. P. 467.

February 20.--Death of Mr. Thomas Jones, of Long Acre, one of the founders of the Swedenborg Society, and a liberal supporter of all the general uses of the New Church.I. 1828:159.

March 2.--A long, flippant, but rather friendly editorial notice of the New Church appears in the London Examiner. An interesting, though somewhat ridiculous, description is given of Rev. Sam. Noble and the services at Cross street.I. 1828:152.

March 23.--The services of Rev. Thomas Goyders society in Waterloo Road are discontinued, the chapel having been condemned as dangerous.

The building is torn down, and a new one erected. The society, in the meanwhile, worships together with Mr. Siblys society in Friar street.--Conf. R. 1828:51; L. M. 1828:124.

June 19.--Nineteenth Annual Meeting of the Swedenborg Society. The committee reports the publication and extensive circulation of a complete and descriptive catalogue of the Writings and other New Church works, resulting in a greatly increased sale of books. The society has finally come into possession of the bequest of the late James Arbouin, amounting to 900.--R. S. S. 19.

Newcastle, July 29.--Rev. James Bradley, being about to remove to Leeds from Newcastle, his friends in the latter place present him with a magnificent silver snuff box, as a token of their admiration of his moral worth as a Christian, his independent principles as a man, etc.--L. M. 1828:358; R. P. 478.

Nottingham.--A society is established here through the labors of the Rev. Edward Madeley and Rev. Charles Collyer, formerly a Baptist minister. The latter has opened public services, and is preaching to a congregation of fifty persons. Application is made to Conference for the ordination of Mr. Collyer.--Conf. R. 1828:57.

Preston.--The public services, which had been discontinued for some years, are resumed under the leadership of Rev. D. G. Coyder.--Ibid. p. 52.

Warwick, July 4.--Twenty-second session of the Warwick meeting (formerly held at Hawkstone), Rev. Sam. Noble presiding. Chas. Aug. Tulk, the former president, refuses to sign the doctrinal resolutions of the meeting (written by Mr. Clowes), as being contrary to his gnostical heresy.I. 1828:344.

Sweden. Stockholm.--The Supreme Court decides that the Academy of Sciences shall remain in undisputed possession of Swedenborgs Manuscripts versus the claims of Mr. Abraham Berg, who had purchased them from Swedenborgs heir (although the latter no longer had any right to dispose of them).--R. S. S. 1842:19.

West Indies. Jamaica.--Mr. Alexander Chambers, in a letter to the Conference, describes the conditions of the New Church in Jamaica. About fifteen members meet regularly for worship at the house of Mr. Chambers in Lucca.--Conf. R. 1828:42.

NOTABLE ARTICLES.
Intellectual Repository, 1828.

Translation of the Preface to the Economy of the Animal Kingdom, p. 30.

Remarks on the Woodford New Church School, and on the neglect of the Church in regard to distinctive New Church education, which has resulted in enormous loss to the Church, p. 46.

Disquisitions on certain Philosophical Doctrines, as subordinate to, and illustrative of True Theology, a series of very able articles by Dr. Spurgin, pp. 13, 104, 508, 579, 632.

On the Indestructibility of the Earth, in explanation of A. C. 931, p. 297.

On the accuracy of Swedenborgs knowledge of Hebrew, and on the authority of the Writings in respect to the text of the literal sense of the Word,--an affirmative, spirited, and learned article by Henry Tulk, p. 305.

Continuation of the exposure of the heresy of Charles Augustus Tulk,--a series of most important articles by Samuel Noble and others, pp. 112, 195, 216, 257, 333.

A letter from Rev. John Clowes, condemning the most dangerous and groundless heresy of Mr. Tulk, p. 236.

The Doctrine of the New Church respecting the Lords Divine Person, Form and actual assumption of Humanity,--a most valuable collection of extracts from the Writings, in refutation of Mr. Tulk, p. 23S.

Some Account of the Doctrine of Idealism as taught by Bishop Berkeley, p. 320.

New Jerusalem Magazine, London, 1828.

Articles by Chas. Aug. Tulk, and others, setting forth the idealistic doctrine of the non-reality of the Lords incarnation, and controverting the editors of the Intellectual Repository, pp. 33, 76, 106, 155, 159, 188, 209, 309, 337, 343, 353, 355.

See our History of Tolkism, L. 1890:59.

New Jerusalem Magazine, Boston, Vol. 2.

Life of Swedenborg, continued, pp. x, 33.

Swedenborgs Memorial respecting Charles XII., p. 84.

PUBLICATIONS.
Swedenborg: A Brief View of the Heavenly Doctrines concerning Marriage, the Life of Man after Death, and the Second Advent, compiled from the Writings of Emanuel Swedenborg.

Edinburgh. 209 pp. Reviewed in I. 1828:143--A. L.

Continuation concerning the Last Judgment. Boston. First American edition.--B. L.

Himmelska Lnnligheter, Vol. III, part 3, Nos. 2495-2605. Stockholm. Deleen. First Swedish edition.--A. L.

On Divine Love and on Divine Wisdom. (From A. E.) Boston. Howard. First American edition. Mentioned in N. I:541.

On the Athanasian Creed. From the Apocalypse Explained. Boston. Boston Printing Society. First American edition.N. I:541.

On the Earths in the Universe. London. Hodson. Second English edition; published at the expense of M. P. S.--I. 1828:253.

On the Earths in the Universe. Boston. Boston Printing Society. First American edition.--N. I:541.

On the Intercourse between the Soul and the Body. Boston. Howard. 56 pp. Second American edition.--N. ibid. A copy is owned by Rev. Frank Sewall.

On the Last Judgment. Boston. Howard. First American edition; published by the Boston Printing Society.--N. I:541.

On the Worship and Love of God. London. Third English edition.--I. L.

The Doctrine of the New Jerusalem concerning Faith. Boston. Howard. First American edition. B. P. S.--N I:541.

The Heavenly Doctrine of the New Jerusalem as Revealed from Heaven. Philadelphia. Daniel Harrington. 114, pp. Fourth American edition, from the latest English, with Dr. Beyers letter to the king and Sandels Eulogium.--N. Y. L.

[Anonymous]: A Few Observations on the Character and Writings of the celebrated Emanuel Swedenborg. By H. E. G. Liverpool. 18 pp. Reviewed in L. M 1828:85.

[Photo of Rev. Richard Jones, of Manchester.]

Atlee, Edwin A.: Thoughts on Christ. A sermon by a Minister of the Lords New Church. Philadelphia. Manning. 12 pp.U. L.

[Catalogue]: A General Catalogue with descriptive notices of the Theological Writings of Emanuel Swedenborg and other authors. London. Hodson. 26 pp. Published conjointly by the Swedenborg Society, the Manchester Printing Society, and J. S. Hodson.I. 1849:78.--Cin. L.

Clowes, Rev. John: Interpretation of the Parable of the Unjust Steward. Portland, Me. 24 pp.A. L.

On Science. Manchester. Varey. 46 pp. Second edition.A. L.

Sermons on the Parable of the Ten Virgins. Manchester 496 pp. Reviewed in L. 1828:251.

[De Charms, Richard]: A Discourse on the Paramount Importance of Spiritual things, by a Novitiate of the New Jerusalem. Philadelphia. 32 pp. N. iii:162.

Hill, Rev. William: Devout Prayers for the use of Families and Individuals. With a portrait of the author. Liverpool. G. Bradley. 264 pp. Edited by Rev. John Clowes; reviewed in I. 1828:252.A. L.

Hindmarsh, Rev. Robert: A Compendium of the Chief Doctrines of the True Christian Religion. Cincinnati. 197 pp. Published by the Western New Jerusalem Printing Society.--A. L.

[Liturgical]: the Liturgy of the New Church signified by the New Jerusalem, etc. London. General Conference. 122 pp. A beautiful 4to edition.--S. S. L.

Noble, Rev. Samuel: Brief Remarks on the Atonement and Mediation of Jesus Christ. Boston. Howard. 20 pp. Extracted from Nobles Appeal--Cin. L.

The Astronomical Doctrine of a Plurality of worlds irreconcilable with the popular systems of Theology, but in perfect harmony with the True Christian Religion. London. Hodson. 64 pp.

Reviewed in I. 1828:246.--A. L.

The True Object of Christian Worship demonstrated. Boston. Howard. 35 pp. Extracted from the Appeal.--B. L.

Parker, Th.: A Collection of the Names, Titles, and Appellations given to Jesus Christ and the Church of God, in the Holy Scriptures. Edinburgh. Reviewed in I. 1828:349.

[Periodical]: The Intellectual Repository, with issues for 1829 constituting Vol. III of the New Series.--A. L.

The New Jerusalem Magazine Vol. II (for 1828-29). Boston. A. Howard. 384 pp.A. L.

The New Jerusalem Magazine and Theological Inspector, Vol. III. London. Th. Goyder. 394 pp.--A. L. The last volume of the series.

The Novitates Preceptor. Vol. II, London. Hodson.

[Proctor, Charles]: An Essay on the Credibility of Swedenborg. London. Proctor. 75 pp. The anonymous author of this very able essay, who was a young printer, and a real but unhappy genius, is mentioned in I. 1846:465; the book is reviewed in I. 1828:135--A. L.

Rendell, Elias De la Roche: An Authentic History of the Rise, Progress and Proceedings of the New Jerusalem Church Society at Newcastle. Newcastle. 60 pp. Reviewed in L. M. 1828:289.

[Reports]: General Conference. Minutes for 1828. London. Hodson. 68 pp.--A. L.

General Convention. Journal for 1828. 20 pp.--A. L.

Missionary and Tract Society. 7th annual report.I. 1828:346.

New Jerusalem Church Free School Society. 6th annual report.I. 1828:347.

Manchester and Salford Missionary Society. 12th report.I. 1828:345.

North British Missionary and Tract Society. 4th report.I. 1828:348.

Swedenborg Society. Report No. 19. London. Hodson. 24 pp.--A. L.

Tolleson, Rev. Pehr: Bref till en hgfrnm Herre angaende Skomakaredottern Sara Stina Schultz. Stockholm. 30 pp.--A. L.

Tracts, seven in number, consisting mostly of extracts from Swedenborgs Writings. Boston.108 pp.--M. 2:243. Conv. R. 1829:6.

Tybeck, Rev. Johan: Anledning att betrakta Christi Lidande utur Guds, Ord. Stockholm. 51 pp.

Anmrkningar vid skriften Var Adam den Frsta Menniskan? Stockholm.

Ofrgriplig Erinran och Betraktelse vid Frslaget till Frbttring of Kyrkolag och Ordning fr Svenska Frsamlingen. Stockholm. 32 pp.

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS.
America. Andrew Jackson is elected President, and Calhoun, Vice-President, of the United States.

Canada. Organization of the Methodist Episcopal Church in the Dominion.

Great Britain. Goderich resigns from the premiership. Wellington forms a new ministry. The repeal of the Test Act opens Parliament to all Dissenters, including the Catholics. Rev. Edward Irving, an eloquent but unbalanced minister of the Presbyterian Church, creates great excitement by placing himself at the head of certain Montanistic enthusiasts who claim the Apostolic gifts of prophecy, speaking of tongues, etc.

Greece. Capo dIstria is elected president of Greece. The French compel Ibrahim Pasha to evacuate Korea.

Russia. War is declared against Turkey. The Russians occupy Kars, Varna and Bucharest. Persia sues for peace; Persian Armenia is ceded to Russia.

South America. Uruguay is recognized as an independent republic.

1829. America. Maine, Bangor.--Mr. Th. P. Chandler receives the Doctrines of the New Church.M. 30:208.

Bath.--The receivers of the Heavenly Doctrines separate from their Old Church connections; some of them are excommunicated. They now open public worship, and, on October 29, are organized into a regular church society by the Rev. Thomas Worcester, of Boston. There are at this time about twenty attendants at the services.--Conv. R. 1829:4; 1830:8; M. 30:208; N. C. R. 1852:32.

Portland.--The society here opens public worship in a hall on the corner of Chestnut and Cumberland streets. Dr. T. Little acts as the reader.--Conv. R. 1829:5; M. 30:207; M. n. s. v. 478.

Massachusetts, Boston.--The Church is at this time rapidly increasing, great publicistic activity is developed: some of the Writings, a series of tracts, and a new Liturgy are among the things published.--Conv. R. 1829:6.

August 13-15.Eleventh General Convention. Rev. L. Beers, president; Mr. Hayward, secretary Theophilus Parsons, Esq., having Proposed certain resolutions involving that the Convention should resign to the ordaining ministers the power of licensing and ordaining to the ministry, the Convention appoints a committee, which, in response, proposes this subject for the consideration of the next meeting. On motion of Dr. Beers, however, the Convention resolves that the consideration of this subject be indefinitely postponed. The president of the Convention, together with three other clergymen, are appointed a committee for the purpose of defining the respective duties of the three orders of the clergy.--Conv. R. 1829; Ex. 223; M. 3:57.

August.--Messrs. Otis Clapp, J. E. Hinkley, and Charles D. Taft are excommunicated from orthodox churches in Boston on account of their Swedenborgianism--M. 2:379.

New York, Catlin.--A small circle of new receivers separate themselves from the Methodist Church.Conv. R. 1829:9/

Ohio, Cincinnati.--Rev. M. B. Roche, of Philadelphia, visits this city. Dr. E. A. Atlee is elected resident pastor. A minority of the members separate themselves and form a Second Society, under the leadership of Mr. Alexander Kinmont.Ibid.

Mansfield and New Petersburg.A society of fifty or sixty members is built up in this region, within a very short time, by Rev. Silas Ensign, a former Methodist preacher. Mr. Ensign afterwards renounces the Doctrines of the New Church and the society is broken up, about 1832, leaving a remnant of five or six steadfast disciples.--Conv. R. 1829:15; W; Conv. R. 1833:16.

Pennsylvania, Bedford.--Mr. Richard De Charms, now a licentiate, is laboring for the circle in this town, preaching also to the neighboring circles at Dunnings Creek, Schellsburg, and Stoystown.--Conv. R. 1829:12.

Haddington (or Darby), Delaware Co.--Rev. James Robinson, formerly of Derby, England, settles in this village, and begins to hold public meetings. The society, originally built up by Rev. M. B. Roche, is rapidly increasing; a lot is purchased, and the building of a chapel is begun.Ibid. 1830:15.

Pike, Bradford Co., December 27.--Rev. Lemuel Belding organizes a society of fifteen members.Ibid.

Philadelphia, October 25.--Consecration of the new temple of the Second New Jerusalem church. The pastor, the Rev. M. B. Roche, makes an extended evangelistic journey through Pennsylvania and Ohio, preaching, lecturing and baptizing at Lancaster, Strausburg, Harrisburg, Bedford, and Greensburg, in Pennsylvania, and at Cincinnati, Hamilton, Oxford, Lebanon, and Columbus, in Ohio.Ibid. 1829:16; M. 3:123.

France. Nantes.--Madame de St. Amour, a convert of Captain Bernhards, erects a small chapel for the society in this city; there are about a dozen confirmed receivers, with many others more or less interested.I. 1829:687.

Germany. Tübingen, March 1.--Dr. Immanuel Tafel, unable to endure any longer the royal prohibition against his activity for the New Church, addresses a petition to the king of Würtemberg, praying for permission to continue his publication of Swedenborgs works, and, in the case of refusal, offering his resignation from his professorship. The king, on March 25, releases Dr. Tafel from the conditions laid upon him in 1825, and unexpectedly confers upon him the office of Librarian to the University. About the same time Dr. Tafel receives an offer of financial assistance for his publications from Herr J. F. Frank, a royal apothecary of Potsdam, in Prussia, and makes arrangement with Ludwig Hofaker, a publisher and bookseller in Tübingen, for the distribution of the Writings.

He now re-enters, with indefatigable zeal, upon the mission of his life.--Mess. 33:303; I. 1829:685; 1863:565; M. 3:58; R. S. S. 1829:12.

Great Britain. Accrington.--Rev. D. G. Goyder accepts the pastorate of this society, at a salary of 16 a year; the membership increases greatly under his administrations--Goyders Autobiography, p. 216.

Bath. A New Church society is organized by Mr. J. W. Barnes and Mr. James Keene. Public worship is opened at No. 8 Westgate Buildings (afterwards at Chandos Buildings); there are about fifty attendants.--Conf. R. 1830:74; I. 1830:92; M. L. 1894:457. The history of the Society is given in I. 1862:568.

Derby. August 11-15.Twenty-second General Conference. Rev. W. Mason is elected president, and J. S. Hodson, secretary. Six ministers and fourteen representatives are present. A committee is appointed to consider the propriety and practicability of forming a third order or degree of the ministry, particularly with a view of granting ordination to local leaders, so as to enable them to administer one or both of the sacraments. The application of the Newcastle society for the ordination of Mr. E. D. Rendell is again refused, (perhaps on account of Mr. Rendells suspected leanings towards Tulkism). The Intellectual Repository is adopted as the organ of the General Conference. It is henceforth to be published under the title The Intellectual Repository and New Jerusalem Magazine, under the editorial management of Messrs. Hindmarsh, Noble and Th. Jones. Mr. J. H. Smithson is appointed secretary for foreign correspondence, in place of Mr. E. W. Brayley, resigned. New rules are adopted in relation to the administration of the Chester legacy, and additional rules are adopted in reference to the status of ministers suspended from the Conference, and as to the method of removing suspension. A long resolution is adopted, solemnly condemning as most awfully erroneous the following teachings of Chas. Aug. Tulk, viz.,

1. That the finite apprehension of the Infinite is the Divine Human of the Lord, and, 2. that the Lords glorification only consists in the reception of Him by man. The Church at large is warned against such notions, as utterly repugnant to the Word and the Doctrines of the New Church, inasmuch as they destroy all reality in the Divine Person of the Lord, and abolish altogether the idea of Him as an actually self-existent Divine Man.--Conf. R. 1829; R. P. 497.

Dublin. May and June.--The Rev. D. Howarth preaches and lectures in Dublin. A small chapel is opened for public worship, in December.--I. 1830:35, 93; R. P. 503.

Edinburgh, May 22.--Death of Mr. Thomas Parker (aged 90 years), a former Methodist minister, for many years the leader and preacher of the New Church society in Edinburgh.I. 1829:695.

July 21.--Mr. William Bruce is ordained into the ministry of the New Church, by Rev. Samuel Noble.--Conf. R. 1829:6.

Failsworth.--Mr. Thomas Wilson begins to establish a society here. He becomes famous throughout Lancashire as the conqueror, in numerous public debates, of the notorious infidel, Richard Carlile, whom he so completely defeated that Carlile fled in terror at the mere suspicion of Wilsons presence even when in disguise. Many amusing stories are told of these encounters.I. 1871:480, 516; M. L. 1889:211.

Hull.--A split occurs in this society, a number of members withdrawing and publishing inflammatory and indecent pamphlets against the minister, the Rev. James Bradley.--Conf. R. 1829:57, 64.

London.--A New Church school for young ladies is established by Mrs. H. C. Hodson and Miss Paulson. It continues for about four years.--R. P. 490.

March 4.--The society at Cross St. presents a gold cup, worth 65, to their minister, the Rev. Samuel Noble, as a token of their esteem for his distinguished services.I. 1873:239; R. P. 483.

April 19.--The chapel at Waterloo Road, now rebuilt, is consecrated by the Rev. Robert Hindmarsh--R. P. 487; I. 1829:619.

June 20.--Twentieth annual meeting of the Swedenborg Society. The committee reports the reception of the original manuscript of the Apocalypsis Explicata as a gift from the heirs of Mrs. Henry Peckitt. A complete set of Swedenborgs Writings, in Latin and in English, has been presented to the newly instituted University of London. When this gift was announced, at a public meeting, it followed by loud daughter in the assembly!--R. S. S. 20:6/

Manchester, August 6.--Death of Mr. William Hutchinson, for twenty years the treasurer of the Manchester Printing Society; a loyal and generous member of the Church.--I. 1829:696.

Nottingham, March 8.--A place of worship is opened by Mr. Collyer.--R. P. 486; I. 1829:542.

Salisbury, October 18.--A new society is formed, under the leadership of Mr. J. Harbin.--I. 1830:92; R. P. 502.

Sweden. Gottenburg.--A letter from Mr. Jacob Olbers, to the General Conference, states that there are about sixteen receivers in this city, but no meetings are held, on account of the determined opposition of the clergy. It is believed that the whole Lutheran Church will shortly become the New Church; hence no efforts are made to spread the Doctrines.--Conf. R. 1829:49; R. P. 500.

Stockholm.--Mr. H.G. Linberg, of Harrisburg, Pa., while visiting Stockholm, offers to purchase Swedenborgs MSS. from the Academy of Sciences, but is refused. Mr. C. A. Tulk, of London, has engaged a person to copy the MSS.--M. 3:94; I. 1831:444.

Upsala, December 13.--Death of the Rev. Gustaf Knös, D. Th., professor of Oriental languages in Upsala, one of the most famous philologists in Europe, and author of a number of important New Church works. His daughter, Thecla Knös, a distinguished poetess, married Professor Cls T. Odhner, the national historian and royal archivist of Sweden.--Kahl. 4:121; I. 1829:547.

NOTABLE ARTICLES.
Intellectual Repository, 1829.

Public declarations in contrast with manuscript statements, p. 402-411; Mr. Noble here proves the lack of consistency and sincerity shown by Mr. C. A. Tulk.

On the Lords glorification, p. 411, a very able article, in which Mr. Wm. Mason demolishes Mr. Tulks heresy, chiefly by quotations from the Letter of the Word.

The editor, in some final remarks on pp. 432 and 439, withdraws from the discussion with Mr. Tulk, as the latter, in his organ, the New Jerusalem Magazine, of London, instead of arguments, presents nothing but coarse invectives and personal insults against his opponents.

New Jerusalem Magazine, Boston, vol. 3, Diseases of the Body the effects of Spiritual causes, by Sampson Reed, pp. 103-111.

PUBLICATIONS.
Swedenborg: A synopsis of the True Christian Religion. London. Mentioned in I. 1629:694

Enthllte Offenbarung (apocalypse Revealed). Vol. 2. 414 pp. Tübingen. First German edition, translated and published by Prof. Tafel.--A. L.

On the New Jerusalem and its Heavenly Doctrine. Boston. Howard. 72 pp. Fifth American edition, from the fifth, improved London edition. Price, 9 cents.M. 3:61; Conv. R. 1829:6.

The Doctrine of the New Jerusalem Church concerning Angels and Spirits, and concerning Influx, by Emanuel Swedenborg. Philadelphia. W. Brown. 80 pp. Published by Mr. Daniel Harrington, for gratuitous distribution.--Cin. L.

The Doctrine of the New Jerusalem concerning the Sacred Scripture. Boston. Third American edition, published by the Boston Printing Society. Price, 44 cents. Mentioned in Conv. R. 1829:6, and N. I:541.

[Anonymous]: Letters to a Friend in reply to observations respecting the possibility of man having intercourse or communication with angels and spirits. By a layman. Manchester. 98 pp.I. 1829:694.--A. L.

Ngot om Emanuel Swedenborg och hans Skrifter. Skara. 28 pp. Translated from the English.--A. L.

Brown, Rev. Solyman: Sermons illustrating the Method of Interpreting the Sacred Scriptures in their Spiritual Sense. New York. Elliott & Palmer. 80 pp.--A. L.

[Catechism]: Questions on the Four Doctrines for the Improvement of Youth. London.

Clowes, Rev. John: an Affectionate Address to the Clergy. Manchester. 32 pp.A. L.

Goyder, Rev. Thomas: Glimmerings of Light from the Word of God. London. Simpkin. 112 pp.I. 1829:694.A. L.

Hindmarsh, Rev. Robert: A Sermon preached on the occasion of the Consecration of the New Jerusalem church in Waterloo Road. London. 24 pp. Reviewed in I. 1829:609.

[Liturgical]: The Book of Publick Worship, prepared for the use of the Boston Society of the New Jerusalem, with Selections from the Sacred Scriptures, adapted to Chants. Boston. 170 pp. 6x4. Published by Messrs. Hilliard, Gray, Little, Wolkins, and Adonis Howard.A copy is owned by Rev. Frank Sewall. The above edition was withdrawn on account of the error (Publick) in the title page, and a new, corrected, and enlarged edition of 278 pp. was published in the same year. Reviewed in M. 2:340; 9:352.

Mitchell, James: The Latter Day Glory; or an Elucidation of primary Doctrines of the Christian Religion. London. Th. Goyder. 51 pp. The author, a schoolmaster in Leicester, was an early member of the New Church, and author of several popular scientific works.I. 1829:671.A. L.

Noble, Rev. Samuel: The Doctrine of the Scriptures respecting Regeneration and Good Works. Boston. Howard. 20 pp.A. L.

The Plenary Inspiration of the Sacred Scriptures. Boston. Carter. Mentioned in N. I.:542.

A Dialogue on the Apostolic Doctrine of the Atonement. Boston. A. Howard.Conv. R. 1829:6.

Oegger, G.: Le Vrai Messie, ou lAncien et le Nonveau Testament examin daprs les principes de la langue de la Nature. Paris. Felix Locquin. 561 pp.--A. L. Manuel de la Religion et de Morale. Paris. Mentioned in I. 1861:192.

Parry, Rev. John: Sermons, Doctrinal, Experimental, and Practical. London. Hodson. 295 pp.
Reviewed in I. 1829:613--A. L.

Pegg, J. G.: The Improbability of the destruction of the Earth. London. Goyder. 52 pp. Critically reviewed in I. 1829:678.--A. L.

[Periodical]: The Intellectual Repository for 1829; together with issues for 1828 completing vol. III of the New Series.--London. Hodson. 700 pp.--A L.

The Messenger of Intelligence. An annual. London [?] Noticed in a peculiar manner in I. 1829:450.

The New Jerusalem Magazine, vol. iii (for 1829-30). Boston. A. Howard. 384 pp.A. L.

The Novitates Preceptor. Vol. III. The magazine was discontinued at the end of this year.--S. S. L.

Magazin fr die Neue Kirche. Vol. I, part 2. Tübingen.

Reed, Sampson: Observations on the Growth of the Mind. Boston. Howard. Second edition.--Conv. R. 1829:7.

[Reports]: General Conference. Minutes for 1829. London. Hodson. 68 pp.--A. L.

General Convention. Journal for 1829. 24 pp.--A. L.

London Missionary and Tract Society. 8th annual report.I. 1829:619, 689.

Manchester and Salford Missionary Society. 13th annual report.I. 1830:34.

Manchester Printing Society. 27th annual report.I. 1829:618.

North British Missionary and Tract Society. 5th annual report.I. 1830:39.

Report of Proceedings relative to the Presentation of a God Cup to the Rev. Sam. Noble, by the Congregation of the Cross St. Church, London, on March 4th, 1829. London, on March 4th, 1829. London. 23 pp.--A. L.

Swedenborg Society. Report No. 20. London. Hodson. 27 pp.--A. L.

Warwick Meeting. 24th report.I. 1830:38.

Roche, Rev. M. B.: Sermon delivered at the consecration of the Temple of the Second New Jerusalem Church of Philadelphia. Philadelphia. Manning. 16 pp.--A. L.

Tafel, Prof. J. F. I.: Frsprk till en annoncerad fversttning af Emanuel Swedenborgs Skrifter. Skara. C. M. Torin. 28 pp. Translated from the German.--A. L.

Tybeck, Rev. Johan: Frya Predikiningar. Stockholm. Marquard.A. L.

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS.
France. Prince de Polignac becomes prime minister to Charles X. whose government is becoming more and more reactionary. Death of Lamarck, the naturalist.

Germany. Death of Frederick von Schlegel, the German philosopher, author of Philosophie des Lebens, and Philosophie der Geschichte.

Great Britain. The Hicksite division in America extends to the Quakers in England. Passage of the Catholic Emancipation Act. Death of Sir Humphry Davy, the chemist, and of Thomas Young, the Egyptologist and physicist.

Italy. Death of Pope Leo XII. He is succeeded by Pius VIII. a learned and virtuous man, but much opposed to the Bible societies and the secret organizations.

Russia. A great epidemic of cholera devastates Russia, and spreads thence over the rest of Europe.

South America. Venezuela is separated from Colombia. Rosas gains supreme power in Buenos Ayres.

Turkey. The Russians capture Silistria, Erzerum, and Adrianople. The war is ended by the Peace of Adrianople (Sept. 4), Turkey relinquishing to Russia the northeastern coast of the Black Sea, and the suzerainty over the tribes of Caucasus. The independence of Greece is recognized, and also the Russian protectorate over Moldavia and Wallachia.

1830. America. The census for this year ascribes to the New Church membership of five hundred persons, with twenty-eight societies, sixteen ordained ministers, and seven temples.Mess. 47:283; M. 6:440.

Maryland, Baltimore. April 17.--Rev. John Hargrove, now in his eightieth year, resigns the pastoral charge of the society. He is tendered the use of the parsonage for the remainder of his natural life.M. 14:491; Ex. 81.

Massachusetts, Bridgewater.-- This society reports an absolute change of state--for the better--both within and without the society.--Conv. R. 1830:10.

Boston.--Rev. Warren Bird, a Baptist minister, is excommunicated by his former brethren, and unites openly with the New Church.Ibid.

Lancaster.--A small society is formed here during this year.--Ibid.

New York City.--Death of Mr. Edward C. Riley, the founder of the New Church in this city.Ibid. p. 11.

Ohio, Cincinnati, October 10.--Organization of The New Jerusalem Western Missionary Society. This movement subsequently leads to the formation of the Western Convention.--M. 4:116.

Pennsylvania, Haddington, June 7.--Foundation of the chapel of the First New Jerusalem Church of Delaware County. This society now applies for admission into the General Convention.--Conv. R. 1830:15.

Philadelphia. June 3-5.Twelfth General Convention, Mr. Hargrove, president; Mr. DeCharms, secretary; nine ministers and twenty-five representatives are present. The committee appointed in 1829, for the purpose of defining the respective duties of the three degrees of the clergy, reports its inability to present any such definition and recommends that the subject be postponed for future consideration. Certain resolutions, presented by Rev. Thomas Worcester, attempting such a definition, are laid on the table. A committee is appointed to collect information in relation to infant schools. Rev. Samuel H Wills, of Abingdon, Va., and Rev. James Robinson, formerly of Derby, England, but now of Delaware county, Pa., are recognized as priests of the second degree of the ministry.--Conv. R. 1830; Ex. 236-244; M. 3:345.

Canada.--Mr. John Harbin, formerly the leader of the New Church in Salisbury, England, settles at Chingachowchy (twenty-five miles north of Toronto, Ont.), and opens worship in a log cabin.

This marks the beginning of the New Church in the Dominion, and of the Chingachowchy (or Chinguacousy) society. Mr. Harbin is said to have been the son of an English bishop; he was at first a Methodist preacher, afterwards practiced medicine in India, and finally joined the New Church.Mess. 47:101.

France. Paris.--M. Emile Broussais, a physician and advocate, assumes the leadership of the New Church in Paris. He soon develops disorderly tendencies, like M. Oegger and the Count de Bissy, who have mixed the Heavenly Doctrines with spiritistic revelations.I. 1831:340; 1860:207.

Germany. Potsdam, December 31.--Death of Herr Johann Frank, royal apothecary; he leaves the sum of 1300 florins to assist Dr. Im. Tafel in his publications.T. M. ii:195; R. S. S. 1832:15.

Tübingen, May 29.--Dr. Tafel, in a letter to the Swedenborg Society, describes the controversy respecting Swedenborg between two prominent theologians, Dr. Paulus, of Heidelberg, and Professor DEschenmayer, of Tübingen, each claiming that his opponent has done injustice to Swedenborg. Dr. Vorherr, of Mnich, a royal councillor, is mentioned as an active New Churchman. L. Hofakers edition of Heaven and Hell has met with an extensive circulation; seventy copies have been disposed of in Austria.--R. S. S. 1830:13; 1831:15; M. 4:156.

Great Britain. Birmingham, March 28.--Consecration of the new temple of the New Church in Summer Lane. The building, which is one of the largest and finest in the Church, is described in I. 1830:43, 153.

Glasgow.--The church in this city separates into two small societies, one worshiping at Hutchinsons Hospital, the other at St. Andrew street.--Conf. R. 1830:76.

London, June 16.--The closing exercises of the Woodford School are described. Mr. J. H. Smithson is one of the teachers. The work on Heaven and Hell is used as one of the Latin text-books, and the pupils are able to read it off, in English, without hesitation. Owing to lack of support on the part of the Church, the proprietors are now compelled to open the school to the general public.I. 1830:200, 252.

June 21.--Twenty-first annual meeting of the Swedenborg Society. It is resolved to publish pocket editions of the minor works, and to assist Dr. Tafel in the publication of the Writings in German.--R. S. S. 1830:17.

Manchester, December.--Mr. John Henry Smithson is engaged as the assistant to the Rev. Richard Jones, and to take charge of the literary work of the Manchester Printing Society.--I. 1861:579.

Newcastle, August 13.--Elias de la Roche Rendell is ordained into the Ministry of the New Church by the Rev. Samuel Noble. Mr. Rendell, in the same year, resigns the pastoral charge of the Newcastle society.--Conf. R. 1830:20. M. L. 1895:156, 157.

Norwich.The church here separates into two societies. The majority, under the leadership of Mr. S. Allison, continue their services in the French Protestant chapel, which is offered gratuitously. The two parties are re-united in 1831.I. 1831:298; Conf. R. 1830:72.

Poole, July 25.Rev. Th. Goyder consecrates a chapel opened for worship by a new society which has been gathered together by Mr. A. J. Le Cras.Ibid. 84.

Salford, August 10-14.Twenty-third General Conference. Rev. David Howarth is elected president. Nine ministers and twenty-five representatives are present. A legacy of 300 is received from the late W. Hutchinson. A new committee is appointed to take into consideration the question of a third degree in the ministry. The Conference expresses its conviction that the sacraments should be administered only by ordained clergymen. The manner of receiving new societies into connection with the Conference, and of admitting ordained ministers into the office of ordaining ministers, is regulated. Mr. T. C. Shaw, of London, is appointed on the editorial board of the Intellectual Repository, in place of Rev. R. Hindmarsh, resigned. The ordination of Mr. E. D. Rendell is granted, but the application for the ordination of Mr. R. G. Sheldon, of Liverpool, is refused.--Conf. R. 1830.

Mr. Jonathan Bailey, of Salford, receives the Doctrines of the New Church at this period, and is appointed secretary of the Salford society.M. L. 1886:221.

St. Heliers, Jersey.--The chapel and the public services of the New Church in this island are given up, owing to lack of interest among the nominal members.I. 1830:93.

Sweden. Lyrestad, Westgothland, July 16.--Death of Rev. Jonas P. Odhner, dean of Lyrestad, aged eighty-six years. He was one of the earliest receivers of the New Church in Sweden, a member of the Exegetic Philanthropic Society, of the society Pro Fide et Charitate, and the first translator of the True Christian Religion into Swedish. He was one of the few Lutheran clergymen in Sweden who adhered fearlessly and openly to the confession of the Heavenly Doctrines during the period of persecution. His son, grandson, and great-grandson have been active members of the New Church. A gentle and lovable man, zealous in his office, and passionately devoted to studies, music, and flowers.--Warholms Skara Stifts Herdaminne, II:256.

West Indies.Mr. Kjerulf, a judge of St. Thomas, and Mr. Linberg, formerly of Harrisburg, Pa., now a judge of the High Court of St. Croix, are mentioned as the first New Churchmen in the Danish West Indies--Conv. R. 1830:17.

NOTABLE ARTICLES.
Intellectual Repository, 1830.

Sketch of the History of the General Conference, pp. 30, 86.

New Jerusalem Magazine, Boston, vol. IV.

Discovery of a new tribe in the interior of Africa, p. 35.

Education of children in the New Church, p. 250

PUBLICATIONS.
Swedenborg: A Brief Exposition of the Doctrine of the New Church. Boston. Adonis Howard. 92 pp. First American edition, from the English edition of 1818.M. 3:221; Conv. R. 1831:6.--A. L.

Der Himmel mit seinen Wunder Ersheinungen, und die Hlle (Heaven and Hell). Tübingen. Hofaker. Third German edition; translated, or rather, paraphrased, in an inexcusable manner, by L. Hofaker.--L. R. T.

Enthullte Offenbarung (Apocalypse Revealed). Part 3. Tübingen. First German edition; translated by Dr. Im. Tafel.--A. L.

Nine Queries respecting the Trinity. Boston. Carter.--M. 4:96; Conv. R. 1831:6.

On the Last Judgment. London. S. S. Third English edition.S. S. L.

On the New Jerusalem and its Heavenly Doctrine. London. S. S. Tenth English edition; revised.--R. S. S. 1830:9.

The Decalogue Explained (from A. E. ). Boston. Carter. First American edition.--B. L.

Heilig Jerusalem und dessen Himmlische Lehre (New Jerusalem and its Heavenly Doctrine). Tübingen. Hofaker. Seventh German edition; translated by Hofaker; the references to A. C. are omitted in this edition.L. R. T. The complete edition of this work was published in the same year under the title Die Neue Kirche des Herrn und ihre Himmlische Lehre.

Der verkehr swischen Seele und Leib (Intercourse between the Soul and the Body). Tübingen. Hofaker. Fourth German edition; translated by Hofaker.--L. R. T.

[Anonymous]: A Letter to the Rev. Adam Clarke, occasioned by some strictures on Swedenborg in the Methodist Magazine for August 30, by Josephus. Liverpool. C. Bentham. 22 pp.--Cin. L.

Proofs of the Supreme Divinity of the Lord Jesus Christ, and of the Doctrine of the Divine Trinity. Philadelphia. D. Harrington. 70 pp.--U. L.

[Catechism]: Katechismus, oder Unterricht in den Lehren der Neuen Kirche, fur Kinder. Tübingen. 16 pp.

Translated from the English Conference Catechism, by Im. Tafel.--A. L.

Clowes, Rev. John: The Golden Wedding Ring. Manchester. 24 pp.--B. M.

Espy, J. M.: The Youths Manual of the True Christian Religion. Columbus, O. 35 pp.--Cin. L.

[Liturgical]: Order of Worship for the use of the Second New Jerusalem Church of Philadelphia. Philadelphia. T. S. Manning. 108 pp. Compiled by Rev. M. B. Roche. Mess. Vol. 36:359. A copy is owned by Rev. Frank Sewall.

The Morning and Evening Services, with Glorifications, the articles of Faith, and Chants, as contained in the Liturgy for the New Church, compiled for the use of Free Schools, Sunday Schools, etc. London. Hodson.--Conf. R. 1829:15.

Mason, Rev. William: A Help to Family and Private Devotion. London. Hodson. 206 pp. A well-known work; reviewed in I. 1830:238.--A. L.

Noble, Rev. Samuel: An Appeal in behalf of the Doctrines of Faith and Life of the New Church. Boston. A. Howard. 246 pp.N. I.:542.

[Periodicals]: The Intellectual Repository and New Jerusalem Magazine for 1830; together with issues for 1831, constituting Vol. I of this journal, as now published under the auspices of the General Conference. (See 1831).--A. L.

The New Jerusalem Magazine. Vol. iv. (for 1830-31). Boston. John Allen. 480 pp.--A. L.

[Reports]: General Conference. Minutes for 1830. London. Hodson 103 pp.--A. L.

General Convention. Journal for 1830. Philadelphia. 20 pp.A. L.

Manchester and Salford Missionary Society. 14th annual report.I. 1830:286.

Manchester Printing Society. 28th annual report.I. 1830:197.

Missionary and Tract Society. 9th annual report.I. 1830:244.

Swedenborg Society. Report No. 21. London. Hodson. 27 pp.--A. L.

Sheldon, Ralph G.: St. Peters Keys. A Lecture. London. Hodson. 18 pp.--A. L.

Tafel, Dr. Im.: A Letter to the Rev. Manning B. Roche. Philadelphia. 15 pp.--A. L.

Tulk, Charles Aug.: Letters to the Editors of the New Jerusalem Magazine. London. Mentioned in a catalogue of second-hand books, appended to I. 1850. December.

Tybeck, Rev. Johan: Christliga Sanger. Stockholm. 23 pp.A. I.

Oskyldigt Forsok att utreda och upplysa skilnaden imellan en Menniska, en Ande, och en Engel. (An attempt to explain the difference between a Man, a Spirit, and an Angel). Stockholm. 49 pp.--A. L.

Predikan pa elfte Sondagen efter Trinitatis. Stockholm. 29 pp.--R. L.

Rattegangshandlingar i tryckfrihetsmalet ofver skriften Oforgriplig Erinran. Stockholm. 75 pp.--A. L.

Tillagg till skriften Religiones Helgedom. Stockholm. 75 pp.--A. L.

CONTEMPORARY EVENTS.
America. Joseph Smith begins to publish his revelations, and lays the foundation of the Church of Latter-Day Saints, or Mormons. The Protestant Episcopal Church establishes the first American mission in Armenia. Organization of the (non-Episcopal) Methodist Protestant Church, at Baltimore. Rev. John Winebrenner, of Harrisburg, Pa., organizes the Church of God, a Baptist sect, practicing the rite of washing of feet.

Belgium. A revolution against the oppression of the Dutch government breaks out in Brussels (Aug. 15). The Dutch army enters Brussels but is forced to retreat. A national congress declares the independence of Belgium from the forced union with the Netherlands. The independence of the country is recognized by a conference of the Powers in London

France. The French begin the conquest of Algeria. Charles X. publishes his unconstitutional five ordinances, by which he attempts to destroy the liberty of the Press and restore absolutism. Thiers, a young editor, assumes the leadership of the liberal party. A revolution breaks out in Paris, July 27. Charles X. is forced to abdicate and flees to England. Louis Phillippe, the Duke of Orleans, is proclaimed the constitutional King of the French (Aug. 9).

Germany. Revolutionary movements break out at Dresden, Berlin, Hamburg, and other places.